SU1154802A1 - Automated line for production of castings - Google Patents

Abstract

1. AUTOMATED LINE FOR PREPARING CASTINGS, containing a calcining furnace placed along the process, installation for molding the flasks with hot filler — a device for vibrating compaction of a filler, a casting section, a unit for cooling castings, a means for removing filler and castings. In order to reduce energy consumption, simplify the design and increase reliability, the installation — for cooling castings — is complete in the form of sequentially placed chambers for crystallization and cooling of castings, provided with suspensions by a pusher conveyor with closed parallel branches, which are supported by ceramic tanks. blocks, stops for braking and moving the suspensions along the process flow, and the means for removing filler and castings are made in the form of two drum tilters with a longitudinal E slits for the passage of the push suspension conveyor, wherein the drum to remove castings tilter installed at the outlet of castings the cooling chamber, and tilter drum to remove the filler is set to vkode castings crystallisation chamber and is connected by means of a vibrating chute placed between parallel closed. a windrow and a pushing conveyor with a device for forming flasks with a hot filler; Suspensions of the conveyor are equipped with two articulated nodes for communication with the conveyor and flasks and two parallel thermal shields installed with vertical movement} the suspended push conveyor is equipped with a closed drive branch with a flask remover connected to the pushing conveyor with arrows that are located one Ered camera cooling the castings, and the other after the drum turner to remove the castings. 2. Automated line according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hinged nodes of the suspensions of the pushing doorway for connecting with the conveyor are made in the form of radius grooves, and for connecting with the flask in the form of hooks with open inclined slots. 3. Automated line according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drum tilter for removal: the castings are provided with a spring-loaded plate with a vibrator and a fixed gauge fixed to its body and placed opposite one another on different sides of the suspensions of the conveyor, while both plates are installed with the ability to interact with the mold on

Description

In addition, the plate with a vibrator is equipped with a visor. In the fixed plate, the grooves for the passage of the girths are suspended.

4. Automated line for PP.1iZ, different from YeM,

that the drum-end turning device for removing the filler is provided with a lattice cover with a drive hinged on the fixed plate, and. the grooves for the passage of the suspensions are made in lattice crest.

The invention relates to foundry, in particular, to equipment for casting by burning and melting models. The known mechanized production line for forming, calcining, pouring casings, cooling and knocking out castings, the first calcining kiln, the rotary chamber, the installation for molding casings, flask , casting live rolls, flasks for knocking out flasks, rolls for returning empty flasks, jacks and pushers, and vibrators for compacting the fill. In the known line, the calcination of the blocks is carried out in flasks with a filler, with the bulk of the heat produced by heating the filler, flasks and the vehicle. From the load of the flasks, which is located constantly on the hearth of the furnace, it is destroyed. In the friction pairs (flask-rail), considerable resistance forces arise, and at the beginning of the motion, part of the flasks is forced out of the stream, resulting in a violation of the integrity of the furnace lining, destruction of the ceramic molds and buckling of the flasks. Thermal cycling of flasks leads to premature, their exit and system due to the formation of cracks in them, which increases the consumption of heat-resistant steel. The appearance of cracks in the flasks completely excludes the possibility of their use for calcining ceramic forms with a filler, since the latter pours out through the cracks of hot heaters, gas tunnels, which leads to their premature failure. The closest to the invention to the technical essence and the achieved result is an automated line for producing castings, containing a tempering furnace installed along the process, a hot-filler molding machine, a filling vibrating unit, a casting cooling unit, means for removal of filler and castings. In this case, the line is equipped with removable cassettes and shells mounted on the pallets of carriages, and auto-operators installed above the cooling chamber, between the calcining furnace and the cooling chamber and in the installation zone of the cassettes. The disadvantage of the line is that the cooling chamber is made of a very long three-row one, since the mold with the casting in a flask filled with filler is cooled in it. With long-term cooling of steel castings that are at high temperature (the flask with filler is slow), the surface layer is decarburized, which, after heat treatment (quenching), does not allow to obtain the required surface hardness. This leads to marriage. When operating a long cooling chamber, a large park of heat-resistant steel flasks is required. In addition, a large amount of filler is required. The equipment included in the line needs to be located on two floors, which complicates maintenance. Due to the large number of fans, energy consumption increases. The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption, simplify the design and increase reliability.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in an automated line for the production of castings containing a progarating furnace placed along the process, a molding machine for molding flasks with a hot filler, a device for vibroplate compaction of the filler, a casting area, a facility for cooling castings, means for removing

filler and castings, the unit for cooling castings is made in the form of successively placed casting and cooling chambers, equipped with a suspension pusher 15 m with closed parallel branches, suspension boxes carrying ceramic boxes, stopping for braking and moving the suspensions along the process , and the means for removing filler and castings are made in the form of two drum tilters with longitudinal slots for the passage of the hangers of the pushing skater, The drum tilter for removing castings is installed at the outlet of the cooling chamber from the casting mill, and the drum grinder for removing the filler is installed at the exit of the casting crystallization chamber and connected with a vibrating channel to a molding device located between closed parallel branches of the pushing conveyor As filler5, the suspensions of the pushing conveyor are equipped with two hinged nodes for communication with the conveyor and flasks and two horizontal parallel heat shields installed with The possibility of vertical movement, overhead pushes, the conveyor is equipped with a closed branch drive with a flasher, connected to the pushing conveyor by arrows, which are located one in front of the cooling chamber of the castings, and the other after the drum of the turning unit to remove the castings. The hinge joints of the pushing conveyor for connecting with the conveyor are made in the form of radial grooves, and for connecting with the flask in the form of hooks with open inclined grooves. Drum tilter for removing castings is provided with a spring-loaded plate with a vibrator and a fixed ap, mounted on its case and placed opposite one another in different ways to one another, with both plates mounted with the possibility of interaction with the chamber on the suspension, and the plate with the vibrator is equipped with a visor, and in the fixed plate there are made grooves for the passage of the suspensions.

The drum reel to remove the filler is provided with a lattice

fixed on the fixed plate, and the grooves for the passage of the g suspensions are made in a lattice cover.

In Fig. | presented with a propelled drive, pivotally fixed, top view; in Fig. 2, section A-A in Fig. 1 (supply of hot air) i of Fig. 3 is a section B-B in Fig. 1 (working zone of the calcining furnace); Fig. 4 shows a section B - B in Fig. 1 (an installation for molding flasks with a hot filler) i n-a of Fig. 3 a section of D-H in Fig. 1 (a device for vibrating compaction of a filler); figure 6 is a section dD in figure 1 (the area of the fill); figure 7 - section EE in figure 1; in fig. 8 is a view of FIG. 1 (a drum tilter for removing filler); in fig. 9 a section through 3-3 in FIG. figure 10 is a view of And figure 9; figure 11 is a view of figure 10; in fig. 12 is a view of L in FIG. 1 (a drum tilter for removing castings); FIG. 13 shows the section M-M in FIG. 1 (flask remover); Fig. 14 is a section H-H in Fig. 1 (a tilter for removing otlotsvok); on Fig section 0-0 of figure 1; in fig. 16 is a view P on FIG. 15 (side screens of the suspension) J in FIG. 17-. View P on Fig (flask with forms); in FIG. 18, node 1; in FIG. one; in fig. 19 - node 11 in FIG. 1. The proposed line contains a tempering furnace 1 arranged sequentially in the course of the process, unit 2 for molding flasks with hot filler, device 3 for water compacting the filler, pouring section 4, casting crystallization chamber 5, drum turning unit 6 for removing the filler casting cooling chamber 7, turner 8 to remove castings. Through all of the above elements, a suspended pushing conveyor 9 passes with suspensions 10 carrying the platform 1t for the supports 12c with ceramic blocks 13. In the area between the entrance to the cooling chamber 7 and the exit from the tilting device 8, the conveyor has a closed drive branch 14 connected by an angle Noah 15 and passing 16, made in the form of a hinged pen with a drive 18 (Fig.18), with the main route of the conveyor. At the same time, the arrow 15 is located in front of the cooling chamber, and the arrow 16 is located after the drum turner for removal from the castings. On the branch drive 14 mounted puller 19 flasks. A manipulator 20 is provided in the line to remove castings unloaded from the drum head 8 onto the conveyor. The pushing conveyor has stops 21-30 (FIG. 19), made in the form of a drive flap 31 and placed respectively at the exit of the furnace 1, in an apparatus for forming 20 female flasks, at the device 3 for vibrating compaction, in the pouring section 4 , at the exit from the crystallization chamber 5, in the tilting device 6, at the exit from the cooling chamber 7, in the tilting device 8, on the conveyor route at the loading of the ceramic blocks in the flasks 12 and in the circuit plate 19. The control system is provided in the line. Suspended pushing conveyor 9 (f} 1G.15) contains a closed t-branch 32 with a logger oh chain, on which the pushers 33 are fixed with a given step, and the closed cargo branch 34, parallel to the traction. On the load branch there are heads on 35 and end 36 trolleys connected by a taper 37. On the head trolley, they are pivotally fixed to contact the push rod 33 and rotate clockwise the front stop 38 and counterclockwise the rear stop 39. On the head trolley there is a counterweight 40 with a turning lip 41, which form the lead-in groove, and on the end carriage a lever 42 is fixed, which is installed with the possibility of approaching from the PDS during coupling of the carriages. Two axes 43 are placed on the sparnik 37, which are made strictly horizontally with respect to the conveyor route, and the suspension 10 is fixed to them with the help of plate 44, with each suspension on the conveyor route corresponds to its own pair of trucks. Radius grooves in the plate. Vyrana, in the upper part ending with exactly half bored holes 26 in axle size 43. the platform 11 for flasks 12, rigidly connected with it, is fixed by a groove. The bottom thermal shield of the 48 with heat-insulating coating, installed with the possibility of vertical movement, is suspended from the bottom by means of flexible (chain), and from the top the traverse is parallel to the bottom screen on the supporting plate 49 freely there is an upper thermal shield 50 having a central slot into which the crosspiece 45 enters. The screen 50 is also mounted with the possibility of vertical movement and also provides a heat insulating coating. Curved ends for stpsovki. 1 The folding furnace 1 is made multi-zone with gas heating, the first zone of which (Fig. 2) does not have burners, but is heated by hot air coming in by the outlet 51 with the help of the fan 52 through the distribution system 53 into each flask with a ceramic block. The furnace 1 (fig. 3) has a slot for the entire length in the arch for passing the hangers and is directly adjacent to the installation 2 for forming the flasks with hot filling. Unit 2 (FIG. 4) is a lined bath 54 placed between two parallel branches of the conveyor 9 in such a way that one of its branches, emerging from the furnace, crosses the arch, which has a through hole dp of the suspension path . ; The bath 54 is filled with refractory sand filler. At the bottom of the tub is placed a tubular manifold 55, connected to a source of natural gas. The collector provides for the creation of a fluidized bed in the bath. In the body of the bath downstream there are windows for entry and exit of the flasks. In one of the side walls of the bath there is a loading window for feeding the refractory filler. A bucket rotor 56 with an actuator 57 is mounted in the bath. On the body of the bath the guide loading tray 58 is mounted with horizontal adjustable movement relative to the rotor axis, the input of which coincides with the exit of the rotor bucket and the outlet with the flask mirror. At the exit of the bath in the course of the technological process, a device 3 (FIG. 5) is installed for vibroplate compaction. The device comprises a double-arm rotary lever 59, on one shoulder of which a mounting plate 60 is fixed, and the other arm is hinged by means of a spring 61 connected to a pneumatic cylinder 62, which is hingedly connected to the base of the device. A vibrator 63 and a screen 64 are secured on the lever arm with the mounting plate 60, protecting the vibrator and the articulated support of the lever from the action of hot filler. Further along the process flow, the section A (Fig. 6) with the pouring bucket 65 and Platform 66 for the pourer follow. The crystallization chamber 5 follows successively the filling area (Fig. 7). The chamber is made lined with a longitudinal through cut through the roof for the passage of the suspensions and is provided with an air ventilation system. Directly along the process, at the exit from the crystallisation chamber, coaxially tilter 6 is installed coaxially, to remove the filler (Fig.8) with a longitudinal slit for the passage of suspensions and windows for entry and exit of the flasks. Drum tilter 6 (Figures 9, 10, 11) is a dvd of rim 67 and 68, fastened with longitudinal straps 69, 70 and 71. Each end of the rim is attached to the end of chain 72 and 73 connected to a 74 drive The stitches 70 and 71 accommodate a support plate 75, on which a vibro-impact plate 77 with a vibrator 78 is fixed by means of a spring 76. The plate is designed to transmit shock vibration to the flask of a box 12. A guide visor 79 is fixed on the vibro-impact plate, the end of which is flush with the angular vibrating rod 80, connecting it with a loading window for feeding holder in set 2 for forming flasks with hot filler. Diametrically opposed to the slab 77, a fixed shockproof plate 81 is placed on the stitch 69. The drum body is mounted on the support grills 82 and has an adjustment knob. 83. A hinged lattice cover 84 is fixed on the plate 81 with a hinge with the possibility of angular rotation in order to prevent castings from falling out. The shaft is pivotally connected to the power drive 85, also pivotally mounted on the body of the drum. The plates 81 and 84 84 are provided with grooves in accordance with the steps of 46 hangers. In the course of the technological process, a through-flow cooling chamber 7 is placed (Fig. 7), which has in its arch a through slot for hangers. The chamber has a ventilation system. At the outlet from the cooling chamber, a drum-turner 8 is installed (FIGS. 12 and 14) for removal of castings. By design, it is similar to tilter 6, but it lacks Krsch 84 and its drive. The puller 19 (Fig. 13) located on the closed branch drive 14, which is a branch of the main conveyor route, is a fork 86 installed with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement. The forks have a slope in accordance with the slope of the groove of the hooks 47 of the plates 10. The automated line operates as follows. A position 87 is provided on the conveyor 9 to install the ceramic blocks 13 in the flasks 12. After the mold is installed, the operator opens the stop 29, and the flasks with the molds enter the furnace 1 gradually filling it. When the furnace is full, the flasks will begin to slide in front of the furnace in the conveyor section, which will control the sensor of the control system. When storing a prescribed number of flasks in front of the furnace, a signal is sent to the casting area 4, allowing the insertion of the flasks to be filled. At the same time, the stop 21 is opened at the same time, the suspension 10 is grabbed by the pusher 33 of the thrust branch of the conveyor 9 and comes to a stop 22 in the installation for forming the flasks with hot filler, which blocks its further advancement. The flask is fixed with specially provided means. Turn on the drive 57 of the bucket rotor 56, which, rotating, captures the bark of 1TSI sand from the bath 54 and stands it in the upper zone with a tray 58 in the flask. After the filling of the flask with filler (fix the time relay), stop 21, 22 and 23 are opened. The following flask is moved from the furnace 1 to the molding unit 2 for molding the flask with a hot filler, and after filling the flask with a post fill in the vibrator compacting device 3 Then The shutdowns are closed again, the fixture is again fixed and the mounting plate 60 is brought to it, then the vibrator 63 is turned on. The closing time is fixed by the time relay in the mixing system. After the seal is completed, the command to open the stops 21, 22 and 23 is resumed. The flasks are once again moved from position to position. This change of flasks takes place until the caster in section 4 stops this movement. Ostats 21 blocks the further advancement of the flasks on the molding of calcining furnaces. The molded flasks are successively fed to the casting area 4 After pouring, stop 24 is opened and the flask is poured into the crystallization chamber, which is gradually filled with flasks with filled molds. After crystallization, the flask enters the drum crankcase 6. At the same time, a stop 25 is opened and the flask is accurately fixed in the rotator. Then, the stop 25 is closed, the camera is turned around using the actuator 74. At the same time, the vibrator 78 is turned on and the vibrating channel 80 The tilter is turned 120, and the turn 84 is turned, overlapping the flask so that the casting does not hang and the filler is poured out. The last vibrating tray 80 is returned to the unit 2 for forming the flasks. When vibrating, the plate 77 strikes the flask, facilitating its quick release from the filler. Then, after the filler is removed, the kinto switch is reversed and the stop is opened 26. The lid 84 is returned to its original position. Then the flask with the casting enters the chamber g of cooling, and the crystallization chamber follows the flask and flask, since simultaneously with the opening of the stop 26, the stop 25 opens. After the flask is cooled, the casting of the flask with the casting opens the shutter 27, the flask follows into the turner 8 until it stops 28 ), then close stop 27, which prevents the next flask from leaving the chamber.7. In the tilting device 8, the flask is fixed, and then it is turned and the vibration of the shock plate is similar to that of the taper 6. The casting enters the receiving tray 88, from where it is removed by the manipulator 20 for further transport to mechanical treatment. The tilting device 8 is reversed, the stop 28 is opened and The empty flask should be on jachok load up to jmopa at stop 29. Next, the cycle is repeated. When moving the flask to the mold loading section, the insole 16 is open. If it is necessary to replace the fleet, the flasks close the arrow 16 and the flasks from the tilting device 8 post onto the drive branch 14, from where they follow to the puller 19 until it stops 30. The puller can be removed from the hooks 47 of the suspension 47 by lifting the fork 86. Then comes the lowering of the fork and the removal of it. Here, the repaired and new flasks are hung in reverse order. After that, open the stop 30 and the oncoming arrow l5 and pass the flask to the main conveyor route to the chamber 7. After skipping the required number of flasks; 30 and arrow 15 are closed. The periodicity of movement of suspensions by the conveyor and their storage, depending on the mode of operation of the line, occurs as follows. Moving the flasks from the position of the position is carried out with the help of carts 35 and 36 (Figs. 15, 16, 17). In this case, the valve 31 of the corresponding stop must be removed from the conveyor route. The branch 32 of the conveyor chain is in continuous motion. When the trolley is moved, the pusher 33 approaches the rear stop 39 and sinks it counterclockwise, then reaches the front side of the mount 38, rests against it and begins to move the cart with suspension and fixed on it rest in appropriate position. Moving carts on the highway conveyor stop using the appropriate stop. To do this, its flap 31 comes forward, cutting off the trolley travel path. Upon contact with the stop in front of it, the flap depresses it by turning it clockwise, and then rests against the rear stop 39, keeping the cart from moving further. The subsequent movement is carried out by retracting the shutter valve 31 and the follower 33 engages again with the stop 38; With the axial movement of the stop, the stop 39. The storage of carts in the form of a continuous row is as follows. As indicated above, by stopping the movement of the first carriage is stopped, then the follower 33 brings the next carriage to it. The lever 42 of the previous trolley is inserted into the groove of the follower, formed by the counterweight 40 with the swiveling lip 41. Further coupling of the carts proceeds in a similar way. When stacked, the heat shields of the hangers (upper 50 and lower 48) of the feed ends are joined to subsequent screens, forming a solid roof. The lower rus lies on top of the furnace 1, crystallization chambers 5 and cooling 7, blocking open slots in their vault, and the upper rus protects the traction section 32 and cargo 34 conveyor branches from heat radiation, preventing their accumulation and premature wear, as well as reducing losses heat Performing an installation for cooling castings in the form of a crystallization chamber and a cooling chamber 7 simplifies the design of the line and reduces energy consumption, since there is a filler in the flask in the chamber where crystallization takes place and the latter is absent in the cooling chamber. The ability to return hot filler to the molding unit in the mold also reduces energy consumption. The presence in the tilt plate of the vibro-impact plate accelerates the release of the flasks from the filler and cleans the castings from the sand coat. Suspension screens reduce heat losses in the furnace and cooling and crystallization chambers, which also reduces energy costs. Completion of each of the suspensions with articulated assemblies allows, in the process of transporting them through technological installations, complex manipulation in the vertical direction without jamming. Drum tilters at the turn-overs allow you to give up on airs, as a result all the main technological equipment of the line is located on the same floor.

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Claims (4)

1. AUTOMATED LINE FOR PRODUCING CASTINGS, containing a calcining furnace placed during the technological process, an apparatus for molding the flasks to be filled with hot filler — a device for vibro-compaction of the filler, a casting area, an installation for cooling castings, means for removing filler and castings, characterized in that in order to reduce energy consumption, simplify the design and increase reliability, the installation for cooling castings is made in the form of successively placed crystallization and cooling chambers is equipped with an overhead push conveyor with parallel branches closed, suspensions carrying flasks for ceramic blocks, stops for braking and moving the suspensions along the process flow, and means for removing filler and castings are made in the form of two drum tilters with longitudinal slots for passing the push pendants conveyor, and the drum tilter for removing castings is installed at the outlet of the cooling chamber of the castings, and the drum tilter for removing filler is set to the outlet of the crystallization chamber of the castings and is connected by means of a vibratory tray with a hot filler for placing the flasks to be placed between closed parallel branches of the pushing conveyor; suspensions of the pushing conveyor are equipped with two hinged nodes for communication with the conveyor and flasks and two parallel heat shields installed with the possibility of vertical movement; Suspended § The pushing conveyor is equipped with a closed drive branch with a flask remover, KfS connected with the pushing conveyor by arrows, which are located one reed by the fire chamber and the other after the drum to remove castings. 2. Automated item 1, which distinguishes castings, and the tilter has a line with the fact that the hinged nodes of the pushers of the push-pull crnweiere are made in the form of radius grooves for connecting to the conveyor, and for connecting to the flask in the form of hooks with open inclined grooves. 3. The automated line according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum tilter for removal. the castings are equipped with a spring-loaded plate with a vibrator and a fixed plate fixed on its body and placed one opposite the other on different sides of the conveyor suspensions, while both plates are installed with the possibility of interaction with the flask on 3> weight, in addition, the plate with the vibrator is equipped with a visor, and in the fixed plate, grooves are made for the passage of the suspension rods. 4. An automated line according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the drum tilter for removing the filler is provided with a trellised cover with a drive pivotally mounted on a fixed plate, moreover. the grooves for the passage of the suspension rods are made in a trellised cover. 4 *