SU1039619A1 - Method of producing vacuum-tight casings - Google Patents

Description

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FIE 1. The invention relates to vacuum technology. It can be most effectively used in the manufacture of vacuum chambers, casings of vessels with vacuum insulation, operating under vacuum conditions inside the casing and atmospheric load on the outer surface. Methods are known for manufacturing vacuum-tight housings by welding shells and a set of stiffnesses from thick steel sheet Cl3. However, to make hulls and casings in accordance with these methods a large amount of steel is required, they are very laborious. The closest to the proposed technical essence is the method of producing vacuum-tight housings (in which the inner metal sheath is welded of several elements and a thick-walled outer casing is made. I The above method involves the preparation of a case made of concrete leather and a chamber of clad aluminum alloy placed in it with a gap. Due to the fact that the space between the concrete and aluminum walls is pumped out to 25 Torr and such pressure is maintained to reduce the external atmospheric load, the thickness of the walls of the aluminum chamber is reduced 2. Taking into account the 2-wall version of the housing design, the disadvantages of this chamber include: the presence of an additional pumping line; increased manufacturing, assembly and maintenance; low decrease in metal intensity. A low decrease in metal intensity is due to the presence of a pressure of 25 Torr on the outer surface of the Wake Umbo-dense shell. The aim of the invention is to increase the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing a vacuum-tight body by reducing metal consumption and labor intensity. This goal is achieved in that according to the method a thick-walled outer casing is made of a composite material, which is middle with a welded inner metal sheath. In this case, a composite material with a non-metallic (concrete, cement, plastic, etc.) matrix is used and connected to the inner metal shell by means of adhesive-adhesive bond, for which the shell is covered with a composite adhesive composition, the adhesive is dried and the uncured adhesive composition is applied binder of the main composition with a non-metallic matrix. In addition, a composite material with a meteschic (aluminum alloy, etc.) matrix is used and connected to the inner metal shell by diffusion welding, for which the matrix is heated until the surface layer of the inner shell is melted. The ability to manufacture a carrier shell from a composite material allows a vacuum-tight shell to be used thin-walled and non-carrier, which reduces the metal consumption. FIG. 1 image; (Sep vacuum-dense case, general view; in Fig. 2 a section of the wall of a vacuum-dense case with a composite material with a matrix of concrete, section A-A in Fig. 1; in Fig. 3 - the same, with a composite Fig. 4 - the same, with a composite material with a matrix of plastic; Fig. 5 - the same, with a composite - material with a metalist matrix. A method of manufacturing a vacuum-tight body 1 consists of making thin-walled metal shell 2, applying to it a composite material 3, forming the thick-walled outer casing 4c is monolithically made by the installation units and stiffening elements 5. The metal sheath 2 is made by welding sheet shells that have undergone flanging operations. shot blasting of the outer surface B for better adhesion with composite material 3. The reception of application of composite material 3 depends on the type of its matrix, filler and reinforcement elements (reinforcement) 8. A matrix of concrete, cement (FIG. 2 and 3) is applied by backfilling (pouring) into the appropriate formwork or with the help of a suitable pump (not shown). A matrix of metallic material (Fig. 5) is cast in the casting alloy principle in a mold (not shown). A matrix of plastic (Fig. 4) is applied by extrusion, spraying, brushing or wetting the filler using the appropriate equipment. As reinforcement 8, as a reinforcing component of the composite material 3, both metallic and nonmetallic high-strength materials in the form of cords, grids, fibers, wires, rods, including profiled, etc., are used, which can be preliminarily manufactured finished products (welded, soldered and glued stiffeners). The reinforcement 8 is selected as a function of the type of the composite material 3 and can be mounted and fixed on the thin-walled metal sheath 2 before being connected to the composite material or at the same time as, for example, glass fiber moistened with glue. The technology for bonding between the cladding materials is as follows. In the case of the use of composite material 3 of the outer casing with a non-metallic and non-adhesive matrix, in the form of concrete or cement (Figures 2 and 3), the surface of the shell 2 with reinforcement mounted on it. 8 is coated with a composite adhesive composition, which is then dried and applied to the composite material 3 on the uncured adhesive composition, thanks to him after the calibrated compound and the subsequent curing of the composite adhesive 3 material between shells forms a non-split-joint. Composite adhesive composition has an epoxy base. The recipe of glue can be (wt.h): ED6100 resin; dibutyl phthalate 20; die talamine 13, 5; polyethylene-polyamine 10 and a filler. Obtaining a composite adhesive composition with properties close to the properties of the material of the shells is achieved by the introduction of appropriate fillers such as cement, quartz sand (flour), metal powder, foundry coke, marshalite, and fibrous. and other materials. The continuous connection of the shells in the case of using the composite material 3 with a metal matrix (Fig. 5) is accomplished by forming a diffusion bond by heating the matrix alloy to melt the surface layer of the metal shell 2i. A permanently tight connection of the surface layer of the shells is necessary to prevent their dissociation under the influence of atmospheric air pressure due to the vacuum inside the housing 1 and existing pores and leaks in the thick-walled composite casing 3. The advantages of the proposed method; sob. are: improving the technology and efficiency of production processes; planning the heat engineering and physico-mechanical characteristics of the shell walls. Improved manufacturability and efficiency due to a decrease in the volume of welding work, as well as the ability to apply a binder of a composite material at the same time; In large quantities over the entire surface of the shells, since the binder component has a liquid or creamy state. labor-intensive and inefficient welding by more productive process of applying a binder with a higher level of mechanization. Planning of certain values of the thermal characteristics of the walls of the casing, depending on the required operating conditions of the vacuum chambers or in order to increase the storage efficiency of the cryogenic liquid in cryogenic tanks, is carried out by applying this or that type of composite material. Composite material with a metal matrix type has a higher thermal conductivity than materials with a non-metallic matrix type. Within the same type of matrix, different grades of material, as well as the fittings used and the fillers introduced into them, make it possible to vary the characteristics of the composite material. By using various combinations of properties of matrix materials, reinforcement materials and fillers, composite materials with certain values of physical and mechanical properties can also be obtained. . . Possible variations in shell sizes due to differences in coefficients. linear expansion of their materials and changes in temperature are compensated by deformation points and. Deformation Whigs are made. and the vacuum-tight shell and closed from falling into them komprzitsi; one-piece material with gaskets and an e-material.

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Claims (3)

1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING VACUUM-DENSE CASES, in which: a metal shell is welded from several elements and a thick-walled outer casing is made, which is combined with the fact that, in order to reduce the metal consumption of the structure and the complexity of its manufacture, the thick-walled outer the casing is made of a composite material that connects g to a welded inner metal sheath. 2. The method of pop. 1, about L K H a Join and th with the fact that they use non-metallic matrix composite material and combine it with the inner one. metal sheath by. | adhesive-adhesive bond, for which the <$ L0 ’is coated with a composite adhesive composition, the adhesive is dried, and a binder of the main composite material with a non-metallic matrix is applied to the still uncured adhesive composition. 3. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that they use a composite material with a metal matrix and connect it to the inner metal shell by diffusion welding, for which the matrix is heated until it is melted over; ” layer of the inner shell ^ SU _PP 1039619 1'039619