SU1011819A1 - Roof shell and method of mounting same - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A coating shell with a median surface in the form of a polyhedron, including a closed supporting composite contour and prefabricated dihedral rectangular reinforced concrete slabs, placed and joined together, characterized in that, in order to reduce labor costs, the plates are placed with the formation and -Vr IiHiJ .l ::: i; liHA siesTKi ff -v between each of their outer faces and the faces of the middle polyhedron of a dihedral acute angle, the plates forming the surface of a polyhedron whose faces are displaced with respect to the edges of the middle polygraph nickname, and the corners of the plates - with respect to the heights of the latter. 2. The method of mounting the coating shell, including the installation of the elements of the support contour, the laying of precast reinforced concrete dihedral rectangular plates with the formation of cantilever protrusions, the installation on the side and end sides of the protrusions of the plates of subsequent rows by means of crossheads, fixing the position of the traverse plates with fixing screws, alignment of the plates in plan and vertical, their fixation and the unification of the plates in a row and in adjacent rows among themselves, characterized in that (L in order to reduce labor costs, while fixing the position In the plan, calibrated wedges are inserted into the joints between the plates, then the plates are moved with a traverse until the edges of their edges touch the side surfaces of the wedges.

Description

The invention relates to construction and can be used in the construction of coating shells for civil and industrial buildings.

Closest to the invention for the construction of coating shells is a coating of a coating with a polyhedron-shaped middle surface, comprising a closed supporting composite contour and prefabricated dihedral rectangular reinforced concrete slabs arranged in rows and interconnected 1.

The closest known solution of the method of mounting a cladding shell is a method of mounting a cladding shell, including installing support contour elements, laying precast reinforced dihedral rectangular slabs in rows to form cantilever protrusions, installing lateral and end faces of the protrusions of slabs of subsequent rows by means of traverse fixing the position of the traverse by set screws, the alignment of the position of the plates in the plan and in the vertical, their fixation and the unification of the plates in the row and in adjacent rows between them 2.

The disadvantage of this reinforced concrete shell is that its surface, representing the polyhedra inscribed in the initial surfaces of positive Gaussian curvature, can be made up in a set of precast concrete trapezoidal and rectangular or rhombic and square outlines in the plan. This requires a large number of individual steel molds that can be adapted to different plate sizes using prismatic or wedge-shaped liners. Technologically, multi-faceted surfaces are made up of dihedral plates rectangular in plan with a basic size of 2 x 4 m or 3 x 6 m. However, the surface composed of such elements cannot be inscribed into any original surface of positive Gaussian curvature. As a rule, one point of a square flat element, which is one of the edges of a rectangular square plate, or two or three points of a rectangular dihedral element, appears outside the original surface, while their position is uncertain and uncontrollable.

The disadvantage of this method is that the correction of the position of the mounted plate to the design one in the plan is carried out with the help of mounting crowbars when the plate is already clamped by the levers of the brackets. This is due to the considerable effort involved in exacting the installation of the slab several attempts are required. In addition, the adjustment of the position of the plate using a level measuring tape and. theodolite is also associated with significant labor costs and the need for constant presence

the surveyor’s construction site, which requires an additional unit in the installation team involved in the installation.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce labor costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the shell of a coating with a median surface in the form of a polyhedron, including a closed supporting composite contour and prefabricated dihedral rectangular reinforced concrete slabs arranged in rows and joined together, the plates are arranged to form between each outer face and edges of the middle polyhedron of a dihedral acute angle, with the plates forming the surface of a polyhedron, whose faces are offset with respect to the edges of the middle polyhedron, and the angles of the slab are in relation to in the latter.

According to the mounting method, including the installation of the support contour elements, the laying of precast reinforced concrete dihedral rectangular plates with the formation of cantilever protrusions, the installation on the lateral and end sides of the protrusions of the plates of subsequent rows by means of traverse, fixing the position of the traverse with set screws, alignment of the position of the plates in the plan and vertically, their fixation and combining of the plates in a row and adjacent rows between them; when fixing the position of the plates in the plan, a calibrated wedge is inserted into the joints between the plates, then tr The plates are moved to the aversea until the edges of their ribs touch the side surfaces of the wedges.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a multifaceted, incomplete surface, inscribed in the original volume, bounded by two surfaces of positive Gaussian curvature, interconnected at a given distance of 5 (the surface is composed of rectangular dihedral plates), axonometrics; in fig. 2 — an adjoining point of dihedral rectangular plates in plan (node I in FIG. 1); in fig. 3 is a diagram of loading and deforming the cantilever parts of the plates with the allowance for deformations in the plane of the plate being mounted; in fig. 4 shows the circuit for loading and deforming the cantilever parts of the plates without allowing deformations; in fig. 5 is a diagram of the installation of a mounted plate with a device for mounting and alignment, a screw clamp and calibrated wedges; in fig. 6 shows section A-A in FIG. five; in fig. 7 is a section BB in FIG. five; in fig. 8 is a section bb of FIG. five; in fig. 9 - device and plate to be mounted, axonometric.

In the figures, the following symbols are used; 1 and 2 - surfaces of positive Gaussian curvature; forming an initial volume for accommodating an imperfect multifaceted surface; 3 - precast reinforced concrete dihedral plates, rectangular in plan; 4 - curved surfaces of the joints of the plates; 5 - the cross-sectional area of the cantilever part of the plates is compressed when loaded with mounting loads; 6 - stretched reinforcement of the cross-section of the console part of the plnt, used in the calculation, when loaded with assembly loads; 7 - traverse spacing; 8 - adjusting screw with a grip; 9 - adjusting eccentrics with levers; 10 - screw clamp; 11 - calibrated wedge; 12 - adjusting screw of the expansion beam; 13 - Mounted plate.

Reinforced concrete shell, comprising a closed support contour and precast reinforced concrete dihedral plates 3, rectangular in plan, constituting an untransformed multifaceted surface placed in the original volume bounded by predetermined positive Gaussian curvature surfaces 1 and 2 spaced from each other at an arbitrarily short distance 5, whose edges are not necessarily aligned at the vertex. The use of only dihedral plates in the plan for making the shell gives the shell a positive effect in reducing the consumption of materials for the manufacture of molds and labor costs in the manufacture of plates.

The method of installation includes the installation of elements of the support contour, laying precast reinforced ribbed plates in 3 rows with the formation of cantilever protrusions, on the side and end sides of which are laid plates of subsequent rows, correcting the position of the plates in plan and along

verticals using mounting devices 8, 9 and 10, aligning the slabs with respect to their relative position and using calibrated wedges 11 without using surveying instruments and joining the slabs in a row

5 and in adjacent rows between them.

The hinged casing is illustrated in the drawings, where the plan of the installed plate with the installation of devices and calibrated gauges are also shown.

0 wedges and cuts (Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8), as well as an axonometric image of the plate to be installed (Fig. 9). Mounted plate 13 with a device mounted on it for mounting and alignment of the plates is mounted on the console ledges of the plates 3

5 by means of the spacer yoke 7 and the clamping screw 10, after which the position of the spacer yoke is fixed with the setting screws 12. Next, the calibrated wedge 11 is installed in the joints of the plates 3 and 13, which fix the relative position of the plates in the plan. The eccentrics 12 position the plate until the gaps between the calibrated wedges and the edges of the plates are removed, after which the plates 8 are adjusted in height by screws 8 with grips

5 its relative position of the upper edges of the plates.

In this way, the mechanized, smooth and accurate positioning of the slab and the alignment of their position without the use of geodetic instruments are ensured.

which reduces installation labor costs by 15–20% and frees the national surveyor’s unit as part of the installation team.

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Claims (2)

1. A coating shell with a median surface in the form of a polyhedron, including a closed supporting composite contour and prefabricated dihedral rectangular reinforced concrete slabs arranged in rows and interconnected, characterized in that, in order to reduce labor costs, the slabs are placed with the formation between each of their outer faces and faces of the median polyhedron of a dihedral acute angle, while the plates form the surface of the polyhedron, whose faces are offset with respect to the faces of the median polyhedron, and the corners of the plates are n with respect to the heights of the latter. 2. The method of mounting the coating shell, including the installation of supporting contour elements, laying prefabricated reinforced concrete dihedral rectangular slabs in rows with the formation of cantilevered protrusions, installing the next rows of slabs on the sides and ends of the protrusions by means of a crosshead, fixing the position of the crosshead with set screws, aligning the position of the slabs in plan and vertically, their fixation and association of plates in a row and in adjacent rows between each other, characterized in that, in order to reduce labor costs, when fixing the position of the plates in the plan calibrated wedges are inserted into the joints between the plates, then the plates move the traverse until the edges of their edges come into contact with the side surfaces of the wedges.