SU1005926A1 - Hydraulic cyclone for separating mineral particles - Google Patents

Abstract

1, a HYDROCYCLONE FOR SEPARATION of SHNERAL PARTICLES, comprising a spherical body, a cylindrical chamber connected to the upper part of the body, with a tangential inlet pipe and coaxially disposed drain and sand pipe, with the aim of increasing separation efficiency by providing ordered pulp flows and reducing their turbulence in the working area; the cylindrical chamber is equipped with a horizontally set diaphragm and has an internal diameter equal to t 0.62-0.67) internal diameter a spherical body, the inlet is installed in a cylindrical tube; amera under the diaphragm, the stripped nozzle has a conical shape and is adjacent a large base to the spherical part of the body, and the drainpipe is made with a height equal to (o, 45-0.65) the height of the spherical part of the body and the cylindrical chamber to the diaphragm, while the larger base of the sand nozzle is (L (O., 8-0.85) of the inner diameter of the cylindrical chamber, and the height of the chamber with the HO, 45-0.5) its larger foundations. 2. The hydrocyclone according to claim 1, about tl and § due to the fact that the drain pipe is fixed in the diaphragm. 01 p bD About

Description

The invention relates to the separation of minerals by size and density in a centrifugal field and can be used to classify granular materials, as well as enrichment in an aqueous medium or mineral suspension, and can be used in mining, chemical and other minerals. A cylindrical hydrocyclone with an intermediate drain chamber adjoining the body from above, a diaphragm with a drain nozzle, sand interchangeable nozzles for producing a yellow product TIJ is known. The lack of a hydrocyclone is low separation efficiency and accuracy. The closest to the invention to the technical essence and the achieved result is a hydrocyclone, comprising a spherical body connected to the upper part of the body of a cylindrical chamber with a tangential inlet nozzle and coaxially located drain and Peskovy nozzles 2. However, the known structure does not allow sufficiently clearly separating minerals in size or density, so the main disadvantage is the low efficiency and accuracy of separation. This is due to the very structure of the rotating pulp flows in the apparatus, which predetermines the hitting of a part of large (heavy) particles into the drain (light product), the turbulent movement of the pulp, and the absence of optimal unloading conditions for large (heavy) particles through sand (for heavy particles) pipe, which leads to the displacement of already separated (separated) streams. The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the illumination due to the ordering of the pulp flows and the reduction of their turbulence in the working area. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a hydrocyclone containing a spherical body, a cylindrical chamber with a tangential inlet pipe and coaxially located drain and sand pipes, strapped to the upper part of the body, the cylindrical chamber is equipped with a horizontally set diaphragm and has an inner diameter equal to 0.62 -0.67 of the inner diameter of the spherical body, the inlet is installed in the cylindrical chamber under the diaphragm, the sand outlet has a conical shape and is fitted with a large base m with a spherical part of the body, and the drain nozzle is made with a height of 6.45-0.65 paB of the spherical part of the body and the cylindrical chamber to the diaphragm, while the larger base of the sand nozzle is 0.8-0.85 of internal diameter cylindrical chamber, and the height of the sand pipe t 0.45-0.5 of its larger OS-NoYo. In this case, the drain pipe is fixed in the diaphragm of the cylindrical chamber. FIG. 1 shows a hydrocyclone, a general view; per fig 2 is a plot of the efficiency of the separation process and the size of the boundary grain versus the ratio of the diameters of the cylindrical chamber and the spherical part of the body. Hydrocyclone consists of a body 1 of a spherical forya, conjugated with the upper part of the body of a cylindrical chamber 2, in which a diaphragm is horizontally mounted.3, splitting the internal volume of a hydrocyclone into two zones: drain 4 with pipe 5 to drain the drain (light product- from this area and the working area (cylindrical chamber under the diaphragm and the internal volume of the spherical part of the housing). In the working area 5, directly below the diaphragm 3, there is a supply nozzle 6. Drain nozzle .7 to take off the light product into the drain chamber 4 has an inner diameter equal to 0.25-0.4 of the diameter of the cylindrical chamber 2, the intake end of which is located in the upper part of the spherical body 1, is centrally mounted on the diaphragm 3 coaxially with the axis of the hydrocyclone (the height of the discharge nozzle 7 is 0.45-0 , 65 of the height of the working area.) In the lower part of the spherical part of the housing 1 there is a sand fitting 8 for withdrawing a heavy conical product conjugated with the spherical part by a large base. The additional separation zone 9 is formed by sections 10 of the conic nozzle 8 and is limited to the planes of the lower base of the spherical part of the housing 1 and the larger base of the conical nozzle 8, with the diameter of the lower base of the spherical part of the housing 1 being 0.8-0.85 of the inner diameter of the cylindrical chamber 2, the inner radius of rounding (sections 10) is 0.5-0.6 of the specified diameter, and the height of the additional separation zone 9 is 0.45-0.5, of its larger base. The implementation of the working area as a joint, three-component interconnected elements of the separating working chamber (cylindrical chamber 2, spherical part of body 1, additional separation zone 9), with their respective mutual arrangement and

Corresponding dimensions ratios ensure efficient ordering of the flows and reduction of turbulence in the working zone of the apparatus due to the redistribution of axial and radial components of the pulp flow rates.

Since the focal flow of the pulp flows occurs in the cylindrical chamber 2, an increase in its height in relation to the axis of the working zone leads to the necessary stabilization of the flows, i.e. to the improvement of the dividing mode, and the height of the cylindrical chamber 2 - 0.8-1.2 of the inner diameter of this vessel is sufficient to force the washing of the coopers into drainage.

The choice of the height of the cylindrical chamber 2 is determined by the large size of the source material. For thin classes it should be the upper limit, for large classes the lower one. The internal diameter of the cylindrical chamber 2 to provide the necessary hydrodynamic mode of movement of the pulp flux, as indicators of practical research (Fig; 2), should be 0.62-0.67 of the inner diameter of the spherical body 1, and the diameter of the discharge nozzle 7 - 0.250, 4 diameters cylindrical chamber in order to reduce the effect of turbulence in the zone of formation of an internal upward flow, in the zone of reversal of flows on the conditions of unloading of the sandy (heavy) product, reducing its clogging with small (light) particles in hydro On the slope, an additional separation zone 9 is provided, the inner surface of which is smoothly mated with the inner surfaces of the spherical housing 1 and the conical nozzle 8. To ensure smooth mating and provide the necessary speed and trajectory of the separating pulp flows, the larger diameter of the additional zone. 9 of separation is Q, 8-0,85 of the inner diameter of the cylindrical chamber 2, the inner radius of rounding is 0.5-0.6 of this diameter, and the height is 0.45-0.5 of the larger base of the sand nozzle

Hydrocyclone works as follows.

The original pulp through the feeding nozzle 6 tangentially under pressure is fed into the upper part of the cylindrical chamber 2 of the separating working zone directly under the Diaphragm 3 and acquires a rotational motion. In this case, significant centrifugal forces arise, under the action of which larger (heavy) particles move from the axis

the hydro cyclone to its walls along spiral trajectories m downwards and through the scaffold (for a heavy product), the cuttings 8 are ejected from the hydro cyclone. Softer (light) particles

moving in an upward spiral flow and discharged from a hydrocyclone through a drain (for a light product) pipe 7, a drain zone 4 and pipe

0 5 for drainage (light) product. Thus, in a hydrocyclone, two main rotating in the same direction of flow occur. External stream having translational

5 spiral movement upwards to the discharge port 7, the approach to the additional separation zone 9 (surface with negative curvature), is divided into two parts: the bottom,

0 which, without changing the translational motion, leaves the hydrocyclone through the sand connection 8 and the upper one, which forms the internal flow, changing the direction of the translational motion.

The following factors contribute to improving the efficiency and accuracy of the separation in the proposed hydrocyclone.

Peskov's (heavy) part of the material moving along the wall of the hydrocyclone at the junction of the cylindrical chamber 2 and the spherical body 1 (at the given ratios of their diameters) is scrubbed from smaller diameter to larger diameter and is removed by large particles of pristine particles. flow to the sand pipe 8 in the area of the inner ascending

flow, which further improves the efficiency and accuracy of the separation.

Due to the expansion of the flow due to the difference in diameters of the cylindrical chamber 2 and the spherical body 1 in its upper hemisphere, the radial component of the flow velocity is directed away from the axle, which reduces the likelihood of large particles from the still unseparated in the cylindrical chamber 2 flow into the discharge zone 4 through the intake end A slurry (for light product) nozzle 7.

In the upper hemisphere of the spherical body 1, the radial component of the flow velocity facilitates the movement of large particles to the walls of the apparatus, and in the lower part prevents their reverse movement. Therefore, the concentration of particles in the upper hemisphere of the spherical body 1 is lower than in the lower one (at the same horizontal diameter of the spherical body 1). In the reversal zone

The radial component (in the zone of the transverse diameter of the spherical body 1) there is a sharp jump in concentration, which is a kind of lock-in area for the penetration of small (light particles) into it. Therefore, the intake end of the drain pipe 7 is placed directly in the zone of minimum concentration, i.e. in the upper hemisphere of a spherical body. 1. In order to ensure optimal operation of the hydrocyclone, the height of the drain pipe 7 should be 0.450, 65 of the height of the working zone (the height of the spherical part of the body and the cylindrical chamber is up to the diaphragm). The concentration gradient between the interstitial (for the light product) nozzle 7 and the inner surface of the wall of the spherical body 1, due to the lower concentration of particles in its upper hemisphere, is relatively small, which leads to a slight ingress of large (heavy particles into the confluent (light) product due to turbulent transfer in the radial direction. In the central part of the spherical housing 1 a circulation flow is formed (in the form of a torus), which serves as a section of the kidney between the areas with increased concentration (near the walls apparatus) and areas with reduced concentration (near the air column) In addition to the centrifugal forces due to the tangential component of the flow velocity, the centrifugal force also acts on the particle due to the axial component of the flow as it moves along the spherical surface. 25-30% of the tangential component of the flow velocity. As the external flow moves to the sand (for heavy particles) nozzle 8, a part of the liquid separates from it, which, moving in the radial direction, influences enters the internal flow. On the border of the working and additional 9 zones of separation, where the flow reversal takes place, it is necessary to have a maximally clear separation of these flows. In additional separation zone 9, this is achieved by smoothly varying the speed of the upward and downward flows in the required direction due to smooth conjugation of its inner surface (surface with negative curvature) with the inner surfaces of the spherical core (Parus 1 and the conical tube 8, as a result, the cutting speed, which causes turbulence, is significantly reduced. This leads to the ordering in the required direction of the double flow of pulp, reducing their turbulence, reducing the effect of (due to the negative curvature of the additional separation zone 9) -fine (light) grains by the layer of coarse-grained material and the improvement of its discharge conditions, which allows reducing the combustibility of the separation products, increasing the efficiency and accuracy of the separation process. the working and additional 9 zones of separation is located on the line of intersection of the area of zero axial flow velocities in the diametral plane of the spherical body 1.I is 0.8-0.85 of the inner diameter of the cylindrical chamber s 2 .. The height of the additional separation zone 9 to reduce turbulence in the discharge zone of the sand product should provide a continuous separation of the inner wall from the inner wall to the larger base of the conical nozzle 8, which is 0 at the maximum turbulence trace angle (17). , 45-0.5 of its larger base. The ratio of the diameters of the cylindrical chamber 2 and the spherical body 1 was determined as a result of experiments on the classification of coal fines in a hydrocyclone with a constant diameter of the spherical body 1 and the measured diameters of cylindrical chamber 2. As follows from the dependency plots (Fig. 2), the maximum value of the separation process at the minimum boundary grain size, separation is observed with the inner diameter of the cylindrical chamber 2. constituting 0.62-0.67 of the inner diameter of the idler case 1. Rezul The comparative tests of the known and proposed gdadrocyclones are presented in the table. diameter of grain boundary, 0-0, 13-0.15, mm, 0.4-0.5, normal separation, 035-0.04 awn, mm 0.35-0.5 lacification efficiency of Hancock,% The expected economic effect will leave 5000 rub. per year per apartment.

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Fig, 1

Claims (2)

1, HYDROCYCKPON FOR SEPARATION OF MINERAL PARTICLES, containing a spherical body conjugated to the top? part of the casing is a cylindrical chamber with a tangential inlet pipe and coaxially located drain and sand pipes, which are used in order to increase separation efficiency by ensuring ordered pulp flows and reducing their turbulence in the working area , the cylindrical chamber is equipped with a horizontally mounted diaphragm and has an inner diameter equal to (0.62-0.67) of the inner diameter of the spherical body, the inlet pipe is installed in the cylindrical chamber under the diaphragm. the outlet pipe has a conical shape and is connected by a large base to the spherical part of the body, and the drain pipe is made with a height equal to (0.45-0.65) the height of the spherical part of the body and the cylindrical chamber to the diaphragm, while the larger base of the sand pipe is ( 0.8-0.85) of the inner diameter of the · cylindrical chamber, and the height of the pipe (.0.45-0.5) of its larger base. 2. The hydrocyclone according to claim 1, about t l and the fact that the drain pipe is fixed in the diaphragm.