SU1071431A1 - Hydrostatic pressing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

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00 The invention relates to refractory industry, in particular to the production of refractory products in hydrostatic pressing plants. A known mold for the hydraulic molding of ceramic products, comprising a housing, a template forming a rubber casing 1. The disadvantage of this mold is a non-collapsible template that does not allow a product to be formed of a complex shape and a product with a bounded TO.WORK wall. Closest to the invention is a device for hydrostatic pressing, comprising a high pressure chamber, a perforated wall restriction, a forming jacket and a template consisting of a movable and stationary element IQB "After filling the ceramic mass into the cavity of the forming jacket and its evacuation the action of hydrostatic pressure is the formation of the product. At the completion of the molding process, the hydrostatic pressure is removed, the forming jacket takes the original position, the spring pushes the sleeves out of the product, which, together with the rod system, is removed from the pressing chamber and the template 23 is removed. A disadvantage of known devices is pressing products. In particular, cracks or delaminations are formed around the perimeter of the product, especially on the surface area with horizontal holes, when pressure is removed in the chamber due to the elimination of the tensile forces of the deformed rubber forming jacket, which can break the strength of the product by stretching. In addition, fine-grained particles of ceramic mass, possessing high surface energy, firmly adhere to the template, during disassembly of which, and especially with instantaneous pushing of the sleeves under the action of a spring in areas of a complex configuration, cracks are observed that cause the product to break during heat treatment or in service. These drawbacks increase the rejects when pressing products and reduce the yield of a suitable product. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of products by reducing mechanical damage to their surface after pressing. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for hydrostatic pressing, comprising a high pressure chamber, a stopper with a perforated wall, a mold jacket and a pattern consisting of moving and stationary elements, the movable element of the template is provided with an elastic casing, and in the fixed element, a chamber with overlapping a hole, the elastic shell at one end is hermetically connected to the movable element, and the other to the camera of the fixed element, while the space between the elastic hydrochloric shell PODVIZHNY14 element and the camera form a container for liquid. In addition, the movable element is installed in the camera of the fixed element. In this case, the center of gravity of the movable element of the template is shifted relative to the geometric axis of the template. FIG. 1 shows the device at the time of pressing, a vertical section; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - part of the template; in fig. 4 shows the position of the bolt when the chamber communicates with the atmosphere: in FIG. 5 - then, when sealing the chamber; in fig. b - diagram of the loading of the high-pressure chamber with a refractory mass; in fig. 7 is a diagram of the position of the template and product when the template is removed; in fig. 8 - finished product. The device contains a high-pressure chamber 1, equipped with a lid-shutter-2, in which there are vacuum and air lines (in Fig. 1, conventionally shown - -, - -, the pressure in the air line is 0.5-0.6 MPa. To cover 2, a pad 3 and a burrs absorber 4, which you) wrinkle the folds of the forming jacket, which are formed during the pressing process. A pressure distributor 5 with a perforated wall is installed in the high-pressure chamber 1 and the forming jacket is fixed b. The high pressure chamber 1, below the fastening level of the forming jacket b in the chamber wall, is filled with liquid 7. Template 8 is made of two elements — movable 9 and stationary 10 — with a removable plate 11. The movable element 9 is covered with an elastic shell 12, sealed at one end with the movable element 9, the ac of the other. which is soobrazgushchas with chamber 13, made in the stationary element 10 and provided with a closing hole 14. The space between the elastic sheath 12 and the movable element 9, as well as the chamber 13, are filled with liquid, forming incompressible hydraulic conductive layer 15.

The molding jacket b and the elastic sheath 12 are made by vulcanizing raw rubber RPI 1348 or RPI 1078A, and they are made of the same thickness, the same modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio.

The elastic sheath 12 is secured to the elements of the template using synthetic resin glue. In other embodiments of the device, the number of moving and stationary elements can be any, as well as the number of cameras in the stationary elements.

A bolt 16 is passed into the chamber 13 through the opening 14, through-holes 17 are made in the head of the cylinder 17. The bolt 16 is sealed with a gasket 18. A hopper 19 is used to fill the refractory mass, and a rotary stand 21 is removed to remove the template 8 from the finished product 20.

The operation of the device is as follows.

On a flat horizontal platform, the movable element 9 and the stationary element 10 of the template 8 with a bolt 16 having a head with transom holes 17 are tightly joined to each other. This docking is carried out from the end of the elastic shell 12, hermetically connected to the movable element 9. Next, the template 8 is placed in the chamber (not shown), in which a vacuum with residual pressure is created, the head of the bolt 16 located outside the chamber is connected to the vacuum by the system. After evacuation, chamber 13 is filled with fluid, which enters through the through holes 17 of the head of the bolt 16 and hole 14. The atmospheric pressure forces the liquid between the elastic shell 12 and the movable 3neNfeHTOM 9. The bolt 16 twists until the end surface of its head touches the rubber gasket 18. When In this way, the bolt 16 stops from self-unscrewing and the plate 11 mounted to the stationary element 10 closes. Thus, a hydraulic incompressible layer 15 is obtained. The template 8 is removed from the vacuum chamber, volume of its preparation for work is completed. Further, the space of the high-pressure chamber 1 is evacuated. The forming jacket 6, expanding, abuts against the wall of the limiter 5. Then a portion of the refractory mass, which is manually leveled with a layer of equal thickness, is poured from the moving hopper 19. On the leveled layer of the refractory mass, the pneumatic stripper is lowered and centered relative to the restrictor 5 the previously assembled template 8. Further

A detailed part of the refractory mass is dispensed from the metering hopper 19. The high-pressure chamber 1 is closed by a lid-shutter 2 with the lining 3 installed in it and the burrs 4 absorber, which select the folds of the forming jacket 6 formed during the molding process, then the refractory mass is evacuated to in the chamber 1 a fluid pressure of 7 to 25 MPa is created. Liquid

7 through the holes in the wall of the limiter 5 transmits the force to the forming jacket 6, which squeezes the mass from the bottom and from the side walls, the shape of the product 20. After the pressing process is completed, the pressure in chamber 1 is discharged between the forming jacket 6 and the ready product

20, air is supplied through a line (indicated in Fig. 1) in the dispenser lid 2 with a pressure of 0.5-0.6 mPa; the forming jacket 6 moves to the wall of the stopper 5, opens and discharges the cage from the chamber 1 from the chamber 1 lining 3 and absorber burrs 4. Finished product 20 with 1; The inner ablon 8 is removed from the chamber 1 and mounted horizontally on the rotary stand 21 to remove the template 8. The plate 11 is detached from the fixed element 10, the bolt 16 is unscrewed, freeing the movable element 9 from the stationary 10. In this case, the chamber 13 is unsealed. The head of the bolt 16 is connected to the vacuum system, fluid is drained from the chamber 13 and the hydraulic incompressible interlayer 15 through the opening 14 and through holes 17 in the head of the bolt 16. Upon further evacuation, the elastic shell 12 is pressed by atmospheric pressure (the pressed product has a part of through pores) from the inside surface of the finished product 20.

When the stand 21 is rotated from position a to position 6 in FIG. 7 counterclockwise at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the horizontal axis X, the article 20 with the pattern B is mounted vertically. The movable element 9 of the template 8 due to the presence of an offset center of gravity relative to the geometric axis of the template

8 (the movable element 9 is made of 03 materials with different apparent density) moves into the space of the chamber 13. When the stand 21 is reversed to the position b in a clockwise direction the movable element

9 continues moving in the chamber 13 until it is fixed in it. Next, pattern 8 is removed by a special mechanical device. Removing the fixed template 10 in the presence of the taper of its surfaces is not difficult. The finished product 20 is transported for heat treatment. After that, the cycle is repeated in the same sequence.

Thus, the proposed device allows to obtain products after a pressing process without mechanical damage, usually

appearing with the success of the template, which allows improving the quality of refractory products, mainly shaped.

The economic effect of using the device is formed by reducing rejects during the molding of products and by increasing the yield of the suitable product.

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Claims (3)

1. DEVICE FOR HYDROSTATIC PRESSING, comprising a high-pressure chamber, a perforated wall stopper, a forming shirt and a template consisting of movable and stationary elements, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of products by reducing mechanical damage to their surface after pressing, movable the template element is provided with an elastic shell, and in the fixed element there is a chamber with an overlapping hole, the elastic shell being hermetically connected to the movable end at one end element, and the other with the camera of the fixed element, while the space between the elastic shell, the movable element and the camera form a container for liquid. 2. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that the movable element is installed in the chamber of the stationary element. 3. The device pr π. 1, characterized in that the center of gravity of the movable element of the template is offset relative to the geometric axis of the template.