SK500692016A3 - Coating mixture containing superabsorbents and a method for seed coating by this mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

The superabsorbent coating composition, in particular for seed coating, contains superabsorbent in the range of 0.5-5.0% by weight of the seed and adhesive in the water-ethanol solution in the range of 0.1-2.0% by weight of the seed, wherein the adhesive solution contains water in the range 10-50% by weight; ethanol in the range of 20-40% by weight; and adhesive in the range of 30-50% by weight.

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a recipe and a method for coating (coating) seeds with superabsorbent or superabsorbent-based substances, functional additives and excipients. Its main use is in agriculture and horticulture. Superabsorbent (SAP) is used to coat the seed together with the active ingredients in order to bind the water in the soil to achieve an increase in germination in the absence of water and consequently to increase crop yields. The ingredients used in combination with SAP will improve the flow properties (reduce friction and abrasion) between the seeds and the possible wear of the seed drill machine parts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Agricultural production depends inter alia on the quality of the seeds. The higher the quality of the seed (high germination, pest resistant, able to effectively use individual soil components such as nutrients and water), the greater the likelihood of higher yields. During germination, several metabolic processes take place in the seed. The germination time depends on the seed quality, environmental factors (temperature, water presence) and the like. However, the aim is to achieve even germination and defined plant growth even under unfavorable climatic conditions.

In recent years, the question of lack of soil moisture at the time of germination has come to the fore. In the past, the problem of seed germination in the absence of moisture was solved by a variety of hydration techniques designed to ensure rapid and uniform germination in order to help achieve stable production under appropriate economic conditions. For this reason, the seeds were treated by various techniques before planting.

An example of a technique used to improve seed germination is the so-called seed dressing. "Pnming" (infiltration). This technique was developed by W. Heydecker et al. in 1974 and includes osmotic control of the water supply to the seed using an aqueous solution of water-soluble polymers (polyethyleneglycol, sodiumpolypropenate, etc.) or aqueous salt solutions (W. Heydecker, J. Higgins and RL Gulliver, 1973, Nature (London) 246s42- 44, W. Heydecker, 1974, Univ., NottinghamSch., Agr Rep. 1973/1974: 50-67; ZuoWeinenget et al., 1987, ChineseScience Bulletin 32: 1438).

Another technique is so-called. "Drumpnming". The technique was developed by H. R. Rowse in 1987 and consists of spraying the seeds in a rotating drum, directly controlling the weight of the water without using any other medium (Bntish PatentNo2192781).

The "solidmatxpnming" technique developed by A.G. Taylor et al. in 1988, controls the water supply to seeds using a powdered material (Agro-Lig) (A.G Taylor, DS Klein and TH Whitlow, 1988, Scientia Horticulturae 37 (1988) 1-11; US Pat. No. 4,912,874; European; No. 0309551B1; WO88 / 07318).

Finally, another known technique is the so-called. "Imitnconditionmg". The technique developed by A.A. Khan et al. Controls the supply of water to the seed in 1990 using water-soluble porous materials (Micro-Cel E, Zonolite) (AA Khan, H. Miura, J. Prusinski and S. Ilyas, Proceedings of the Symposium on the Establishment of Horticultural Crops) (Minneapolis, Minn., Apr.4-6, 1990).

These techniques moisturize the seed before sowing, but they also have some disadvantages:

Priming technique is not suitable for large quantities at commercial level. The drumpriming technique is simple, but the problems are in precision mechanical control to control the amount of water and also the technology. The technique can treat the seeds in simple slow-rotating devices, but the problem is the separation of the seeds after their treatment.

In addition to the above procedures, work has been carried out in recent years on the use of superabsorbents of water-binding substances and, in the absence of water, gradually released them to plants. Two techniques were developed ^:

- the first is the use of the superabsorbent for sowing in the soil, when the polymer is added to the seed place with seed - the second is the application of the superabsorbent to the seed surface and subsequently its sowing

Patent documents related to this technology are listed in the following table:

US200400 77498 Agnculturalseedhavingprote ctivecoatings, Apr 20 04 US200802 36037 * Planting mix compositions and methods

SK50069-2016 A3

US201000 93535 * Planting mix compositions and methods US916916 4 Polymersuseful in EcolabUsaInc. ap oc * agnculturalapplications r 5, T 20 27 13 20 15 US921224 Highperformanceacrylamid Emp írcTcclmologyDev de de 5 eadhesives elopmentLlc C C 4. 15 20 20 12 15 US923877 Soifixation. Emp ireTechnologyDev Jul John 4 dustsuppression and elopmentLlc 11 19 waterretention 20 20 13 16 US201202 Syntheticturfhavingcoolingl Sapturf, Lc oc 58811 * ayer T 11 20 ' 12 US201402 Polymersuseful in Jasbir S. Gill ap oc 98872 * agnculturalapplications r 5, t 9, 20 20 13 14

Initially, the substances were applied to the seeds using a slowly rotating drum, dispenser system, and dried in a drumpriming. The main disadvantage was the higher demands on the amount of substances used, their uneven distribution and the duration of the process.

In particular, the new technologies regulate the time required for coating (seed coating), reduce the amount of ingredients required, and ensure a more even distribution of the ingredients.

The use of superabsorbents to coat the seeds gives the possibility to ensure higher germination and consequently with the growth of green matter in order to achieve higher yields. However, superabsorbents must be applied very homogeneously to the seed surface in order to maximize their effectiveness. The application of superabsorbents for seed coating is most desirable for planting in semi-dry and dry areas.

The essence of the technical solution

These drawbacks are largely eliminated by the present technical solution, which involves developing a recipe of the seed coating composition as well as a method of applying the developed composition to the seed, respectively. other subjects, which results in higher germination and emergence of crops compared to untreated seeds, binding of soil moisture and nutrients needed directly to the seed and their subsequent release in times of scarcity. The result is higher hectare yield, higher biomass production, plant resistance to pests and higher survival rates for young plants. The result is also the efficiency of the used raw materials (SAP or fertilizers).

The essence of the invention lies in the combination of using a high peripheral speed of the rotating drum, with a few seconds of applying a layer of adhesive, superabsorbent and seed additives. The reasons for using a high-speed rotating drum are:

- suitability for use with all seed types

- high homogeneity, very efficient application of costly chemicals

- an even distribution of the applied substances on the seed

- reducing costs for other fertilizer applications

- reduction of operational costs

- better visual control of seed coating

- merging of several processes (insecticide and other pickling process and superabsorbent treatment)

- easy to use for the end user (farmer)

SK50069-2016 A3

The peripheral speed of the rotating horizontal drum is about 200 m / min for conventional procedures. For a high-speed rotary machine 600 - 2000 m / min.

The seed coating composition is composed of superabsorbent (SAP) which may be polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, acrylate / vinyl alcohol copolymers, grafted starch / acrylic acid copolymers, cellulose / acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol alcohols, and hydroxyethyl cellulose in an amount of 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of the seed. It is also composed of adhesives that serve to fix SAP and excipients. Adhesives which may be used are: hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropylcellulose, ligninsulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, acacia, sugar. They are applied in the range of 0.1-2.0% by weight per seed weight. The adhesive solution contains water in the range of 10% - 50% by weight, ethanol in the range of 20% - 40% by weight and an adhesive in the range of 30 - 50% by weight. Another component is lubricant additives - auxiliaries improving flow properties. The following may be used: graphite, talc, molybdendisufide (MoS2), polytetraflorethylene (PTFE), calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate, mica, magnesium sulfate, wood meal, or silica, or mixtures thereof. Excipients are used in the range of 0.01-2.0% by weight of seed. The mixture may also contain biologically active substances - advantageous adjuvants which improve the properties - which may be used together with superabsorbents - nutrients, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, biological material, growth regulators ranging from 0.2% by weight to 1.5 wt

As seeds, corn, wheat and other cereals (barley, oats, rye), sunflower, rape, sugar beet, soy, cotton, sorghum, vegetables, grass seed and other small seeds (beans, peas, lentils, peanuts) can be used.

Free sorption capacity (FSC) is determined by superabsorbent composition, contamination of adsorbed and absorbed water, and gel block formation.

Gravimetric Determination of Free Sorption Capacity (FSC) in Demi Water (SuperabsorbentPolymerMaterials: A ReviewMohammad J. Zohuriaan-Mehr * and KouroshKabiriIranPolymer and PetrochemicaUnstitute, PO Box 14965115, Tehran, Iran) is expressed as the amount of absorbed liquid per gram absorbent. The sample is weighed and stored in the bag, the bag is immersed in the liquid to be absorbed. After complete soaking, the bag is removed and allowed to drip to remove excess liquid. The sample is then weighed and the amount of liquid absorbed determined.

SAP granulation is very important. The evaluation is carried out using a set of sieves, where the percentage composition of the individual fractions of the polymer constituting the product is determined.

The abrasion resistance of SAP and other additives is determined by weight after application of the additives to the fast rotating drum, where the conditions are identical to the real seed coating.

The aim of the present solution is to achieve increased seed germination by SAP in dry and semi-dry areas, to improve flow properties when applying seed and fertilizer to soil in order to reduce machine wear.

The method of coating the composition consists of a 5 to 20 second adhesive coating, followed by 5 to 20 second mixing of the adhesive with the seeds, followed by 5 to 20 second superabsorbent, active ingredient and lubricant application, and 1 to 10 seconds of coated seed release. finally, drying the seed on sieves at a temperature in the range of 20-35 ° C for 10-60 minutes. The method is carried out in a rotary machine with a peripheral speed of 650 - 2000 n / min.

Laboratory trials of wheat seed germination and biomass production yielded the following results:

- the biomass area of plants was 60% larger

- biomass weight 70% higher

- the plant length was on average 40% longer

- the weight of the root system was 150% higher

Field test sowing of maize yielded the following results:

- higher germination by 60%

- higher yield per hectare by 20,4%

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The implementation of the technical solution will be explained by means of exemplary embodiments. A suitable embodiment has no limiting effect on the scope of protection.

Example 1.

The superabsorbent coating composition for corn seed coating comprises supersubsorbent which is 1.0% by weight of corn polyacrylate in the amount of corn seed, an adhesive that is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a solution of 0.1% by weight of corn seed, wherein the adhesive solution is composed of 20 wt% water, 40 wt% ethanol and 40 wt% adhesive, and 1 wt% talc per maize seed and 0.8 wt% fertilizer.

SK50069-2016 A3

Example 2.

The corn seed coating method comprises dozing the adhesive for 10 seconds, then mixing the adhesive with the seeds for 20 seconds and applying the superabsorbent for 15 seconds in a high speed vertical drum and finally discharging the coated seed for 10 seconds. Between the superabsorbent deposition step and the coated seed discharge step, it involves the application of talc and fertilizer for 20 seconds in a high speed vertical drum. Finally, dry on stainless steel sieves at 25 ° C for 50 minutes.

The result is evenly coated corn seeds that do not stick to each other. After treatment, the seed was separated without signs of sticking. The active ingredients and the superabsorbent were evenly distributed on the seed surface.

Industrial usability

The technology is applicable to seed coating of almost all agricultural crops in order to improve germination and yields. It is also applicable to the coating of granular and miagranular fertilizers with the aim of binding the nutrients and substances contained therein with subsequent sustained release

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS Coating composition based on superabsorbents, in particular for seed coating, characterized in that it contains a superabsorbent in the range of 0.5 - 5.0% by weight of the seed and adhesives in a solution of water and ethanol in the range of 0.1 - 2.0% by weight of the seed wherein the adhesive solution comprises water in the range of 10% - 50% by weight, ethanol in the range of 20% - 40% by weight, and an adhesive in the range of 30 - 50% by weight. Coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the superabsorbent is polyacrylamides, polyacrylates or starch copolymers. Coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is hydro-methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydro-propylcellulose. carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lignosulfonate, acacia or sugar. Coating composition according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains sweetening agents in the range of 0.2-1.5% by weight of the seed to improve the flow properties of the seed. Coating composition according to claim 4, characterized in that the lubricating additives are graphite, talc, molybdenum disulfide, polytetra-florethylene or mixtures thereof. Coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains biologically active substances in the range of 0.2% - 1.5% by weight of the seed for improving the properties of the seed. Coating composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the biologically active substance is nutrients such as fertilizers, pesticides such as insecticides and herbicides or growth regulators. Coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coated seeds are seeds of corn, wheat and other cereals such as barley, oats, rye, sunflower seeds, oilseed rape, sugar beet, soya, cotton, circus , vegetables, grasses and other small seeds such as beans, peas, lentils, groundnuts. 9. A method of coating the seeds with a coating composition according to claims 1-8, which comprises applying the adhesive over a period of 5-20 seconds to the rotating seed, then applying a superabsorbent in the range of 5-20 seconds in a high speed vertical drum, draining the coated seeds in the range of 1 - 10 seconds and finally sieving at a temperature in the range of 20 - 35 ° C in the range of 10 - 60 minutes. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that between the superabsorbent deposition step and the coated seed discharge step, it comprises the deposition of active ingredients and / or lubricants in the range of 5-20 seconds in a high-speed vertical drum.