SK500492010A3 - Use of beta-D-glucane for decreasing undesirable effect of depression of immune response to excessive physical strain - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of ß-D-Glucan as an immunomodulator results in the reduction of adverse immune response depression resulting from excessive physical exercise in individuals who routinely engage in this type of exercise. The ß-D-Glucan described here is fungal ß(1,3/1,6)-D-Glucan prepared from the oyster mushroom and is administered orally at a maximum of 200 mg per dose, always prior to excessive physical exercise. The evaluation of the immune response is based on the assessment of NK cell activity, which is performed before excessive physical exercise, within 10 minutes after exercise, and between 50 and 70 minutes after exercise.

Description

Use of β-D-Glucan to reduce the adverse effect of immune response depression on excessive physical exercise

Technical field

The invention relates to the use of β-D-glucan to reduce the undesired effect of depression of the immune response on excessive physical exercise - the immune system induced by stressful exhausting physical exercise, particularly in athletes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known that excessive and exhaustive physical stress produces depression in the immune system. Dietary supplements (beverages) enriched with carbohydrates (sugars) are believed to support immune function in response to immediate physical stress. The uptake of such carbohydrates affects cell distribution, lymphocyte proliferation, natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine distribution through blood glucose levels and hormonal interaction (Nieman, DC 1998, Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 4: 64-76; Bishop, NC, Walsh, NP, Haines, DL, Richards, EE, and Gleeson, M. 2001, Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metabol. 11: 490-502; Gleeson, M. 2006, Nutr. Rev. 64: 119- 131). On the other hand, carbohydrate-rich beverages do not alter NK cell activity, which characterizes the state of immune function, after excessive physical exercise (Nieman, DC 1994, Int. J. Sports Med. 15: S131-141; Braun, WA, Flynn, MG, Jacks, DE, McLoughlin, T., Sowash, J., Lambert, CP, et al., 1999, Diagn Immunol. 3: 197-204; Flynn, MG, Fahlman, M., Braun, WA, Lambert, CP, Bouillon, LE, Brolinson, PG, et al 1999, J. Appl Physiol 86: 1905-1913, McFarlin, BK, Flynn, MG, Phillips, MD, Stewart, LK, and Timmerman, KL 2004, J. Appl. Physiol 96: 271-275).

β-D-glucans (functional polysaccharides) belong to the class of biological response modifiers and are involved in improving immune functions (Sherwood, ER, Williams, DL, and DiLuzio, NR 1986, J. Biol. Response Mod. 5: 504-526; Browder, W., Williams, D., Pretus, H., Olivero, G., Enrichens, F., Mao, P., et al., 1990, Ann. Surg., 211: 605-613; Pretus, HA, Ensley , HE, McNamee, RB, Jones, EL, Browder, IW, and Williams, DL 1991, J. Pharmacol., Exp Ther. 257: 500-510; Williams, JD, Mueller, A., and Browder, W. 1996 Clin Clin Immunother 5: 392-399).

The effect of β-D-glucan on changes in the immune system induced by physical activity has not been described in detail. Nieman et al (Nieman, DC, Henson, DA, McMahon, M., Wrieden, JL, Davis, JM, Murphy, EA, et al. 2008, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40: 14631471) found that administration of soluble β-D-glucan in athletes did not lead to the restoration of reduced immune functions after excessive physical exercise. On the other hand, regular use of insoluble β-D-glucan in people with excessive physical activity prevents respiratory infections (Talbott, S., and Talbott, J., 2009, J. Sports Sci. Med. 8: 509515).

Williams, J.D., Mueller, A., and Browder, W. 1996. Glucan-based macrophage stimulators. A review of their anti-infective potential. Clin. Immunother. 5: 392-399).

It is an object of the present invention to reduce the undesirable effect of depression of the immune system induced by stressful exhausting physical stress.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object has been achieved by the use of the β-D-glucan of the invention, which is based on the use of β-D-glucan as an immunomodulator to reduce unwanted depression of the immune response to excessive physical exercise in individuals subjected to this exercise.

β-D-glucan is a fungal β (1,3 / 1,6) -ϋ ^ 1 1 ± έη, prepared from oyster mushroom.

It has been found to be advantageous to administer β-D-glucan orally in an amount of not more than 200 mg each before excessive physical exercise.

Evaluation of an individual's immune response is performed by determining NK cell activity, just before, or within 10 minutes of, and after relaxation from 50 to 70 minutes after excessive physical exercise.

Administration of β-D-glucan significantly reduces the adverse effect of immune system depression induced by stressful exhausting physical exercise, since the value of NK cell activity after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise is significantly higher in subjects taking β-D-glucan compared to that obtained in individuals. using placebo, and is approximately the same as the value obtained prior to excessive physical exercise. The decrease in NK cell activity values after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise compared to pre-exercise levels is on average 3.5% in subjects taking β-D-glucan, while those receiving placebo on average 29%. Thus, the value of NK cell activity after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise in individuals taking β-D-glucan will reach virtually pre-physical exercise levels.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In an exemplary study, β-D-glucan was used as a commercial preparation of Immunoglucan made from oyster mushroom.

Example 1

After informed consent, 22 athletes from the SKP Strbske Pleso Winter Sports Center (23 ± 6 years) were included in the study. During the study, summer training took place at the center and athletes underwent training at least 3 times a week with a minimum load of more than 60% of their VO2 max for 1 hour or more. The group consisted of athletes engaged in endurance cross-country skiing (n = 9, L), speed skating (n = 6, K) and sledding (n = 7, S). Before the entrance test, the athletes were randomly divided into two groups with regular representation of the above mentioned disciplines in each group. The study applied a stepped bicycle test load to exhaustion. The following parameters were examined: blood count, lymphocyte subpopulations - in relative and absolute numbers, with emphasis on NK cells, NK cell subpopulations CD16 ± / CD8 ± / CD56 ±, NK cell activities, IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 and cortisol. Parameters were examined before exercise, 5 minutes after exercise and after one hour of relaxation from exercise. Athletes were divided into two therapeutic groups. One group (called “Glucan”) took 100 mg of Imunoglucan + 100 mg of vitamin C each morning for a fasting load, the other group (called “Placebo”) took the same placebo regimen (100 mg fructose and 100 mg vitamin C) for the same time 2 months with summer training at the same time. For personal reasons, two athletes did not complete the study: a skier and a figure skater, both from the Glucan group.

The results of the study were determined as follows: In the morning before exercise, venous blood was collected into the Vacutainer collection system for the following examinations: blood count, leukocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations (4ml, K3EDTA). NK activity was examined from heparin blood (7 ml, Na2Heparin). The results of these examinations served as basal values. The second sampling for the same examinations was made 5 minutes after the exercise and the third sampling after 1 hour of relaxation from the exercise.

Determination of NK cell activity was performed by flow cytometry assay, with NK cell activity values determined in lyric units of LU, the number of effectors required for 20% lysis of 10,000 target cells, and expressed as the number of LUs contained in 10 ⁷ cells (LU20). / I0 ⁷ effectors).

NK cell activity is the only parameter in which a statistically significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups (Fig. 1). The difference was also noted in the total number of NK cells, but this was not statistically significant.

In FIG. Fig. 1 shows the values of NK cell activity expressed in lyric units for both the Glucan and Placebo groups. Basal values of NK cell activity expressed in lyric units (mean 48 LU), 5 minutes after the load, increase very significantly (mean 100 LU) in an average of 115 percent In the relaxation phase, depression is below baseline by an average of 28 percent in the "Placebo" therapeutic group. Thus, depression of NK cell numbers in the relaxation phase after previous physical stress is accompanied by a functional decrease in NK cell activity. In the β-D-glucan group, there was no decrease in NK cell activity below baseline after relaxation.

From the results in FIG. 1 shows that the change in the value of NK cell activity after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise compared to that observed prior to physical exercise is as follows;

group "B-D-glucan" - increase by 1.8%

- "Placebo" group - decrease by 28%

The change in NK cell activity value after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise compared to the pre-exercise value in individuals taking β-D-glucan represents an increase of 1.8% on average, whereas in patients taking placebo it is a decrease an average of 28%. Thus, the value of NK cell activity after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise in individuals taking β-D-glucan will reach virtually pre-physical exercise levels.

Example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that 180 mg of β-D-glucan was administered to the subjects. The value of NK cell activity after 50-70 minutes of relaxation after excessive physical exercise in subjects taking β-D-glucan is virtually at pre-physical exercise levels.

The results of the study showed that during intensive repetitive exercise, the immune system cells are mobilized and redistributed in connection with stress, which can lead to an adverse effect of depression of the immune response. From the observed data it can be concluded that some adverse effects, especially in the field of cell function, can be modulated. It is in this area that promising positive protective effect of fungal β (1,3 / 1,6) -D-glucan resp. Immunoglucan, for NK cell activity.

Industrial usability

The invention can be used, in particular, in the field of sports, for top athletes.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS Use of β-D-glucan as an immunomodulator to reduce unwanted depression of the immune response to excessive physical exercise in individuals subjected to this exercise. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the β-D-glucan is a fungal β (1,3 / 1,6) D-glucan. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fungal β (1,3 / 1,6) -ϋϋ 1ύύύίίηη is prepared from oyster mushroom. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the β-D-glucan is administered in an amount of not more than 200 mg each before excessive physical exercise. Use according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the β-D-glucan is administered orally. Use according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the evaluation of the immune response of the individual is carried out by determining the activity of NK cells. Use according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the determination of NK cell activity is carried out before, within 10 minutes after, and subsequently from 50 to 70 minutes after the excessive physical exercise.