SK500432013A3 - Lining of borehole by depositing layers of material with help of kinetic sputtering and a device for carrying out thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Borehole formation by applying material layers by means of kinetic sputtering by additive kinetic deposition of metallic, non-metallic and composite materials utilizing acceleration and heating of material powder particles, followed by plastic deformation of the deformable powder fraction upon impact on the applied surface, accelerated and heated powder particles impact on the surface of the well wall and / or on the mold or on the surface of the previous sheeting layer so as to form a laminated composite sheeting on the inner wall of the well and / or on the mold, particularly in the liquid medium.

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the formation of a borehole bore by applying layers of material by means of kinetic sputtering and to an apparatus for carrying out the bore, in particular in drilling processes in geological formations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Stabilization of the borehole wall has been and remains a topical problem. In particular, maximum shortening of the exposed section between the drilling position and the last sheeting.

One whole category of effort to temporarily or permanently stabilize a well is to remodel the well wall to a certain thickness and to form a glassy or ceramic layer on the wall surface.

In the 1960s and later research work was carried out in the USA and the Soviet Union in this respect. One direction was remelting the well walls (associated with drilling) by a heated body (penetrator) that forced the melt into the porous wall and partially washed the melt to the surface.

The second research direction was the melting of walls by plasma stream and its vitrification into vitreous resp. ceramic phase.

The third direction was the melting of the walls in the open borehole by means of a heated body from top to bottom, with the condition of loosening the borehole from the drilling apparatus.

All these investigations have not led to usable results and have been gradually abandoned, mainly for the following reasons:

- even with optimum heating, not all rocks show melting at low temperatures and energy-acceptable levels,

- disturbed and unconsolidated rock exhibits inhomogeneous melt,

- even if the melting (vitrification) is optimal, the melt strength is only at the molten glass level and cannot be influenced by either its composition or its structure,

- cavities or cavities in the wall are not sealable by the heating process.

For these reasons, an alternative to the vitrification and reinforcement of the well walls was sought, which would eliminate the above-mentioned deficiencies.

Such an alternative is an additive layering solution which allows the application of the material of the desired composition, the formation of composite structures in both the macro and micro areas in the formation of the sheeting.

1. Original work on kinetic (cold) sputtering by Alchimov, A.P. et al. in RF2010619 "Coating Device", RF 16187778 of r. 1991 and US Patent 5302414 "Gas dynamic spraying method for applying and coating" describes the basic principle of kinetic (cold) sputtering and forms the basis of all further work. In the next 20-year period this original patent of the Novosibirsk team was further developed. It describes all essential functions and structures, i. achieving the required particle velocity and temperature below the melting point temperature.

An important result of the development of kinetic sputtering was the patent RU2063303 of Nesterovič, N.I. et al. The "Powder Compacting Method" describes solutions where water vapor is used as the carrier gas. The disadvantage of this solution is the high energy consumption for the latent conversion of water and its further heating.

Another improvement in powder deposition is US6402050 to Kashirin, A.I. et al. A "gazodynamic coating device" that describes the use of low pressure and powder inlet beyond the narrowest cross section of the nozzle. The disadvantage of this solution is that heavier metal powders, e.g. steel. Addressing the problem of nozzle erosion by a low-pressure system and particle entry beyond the de-Laval nozzle was essential to improve energy consumption, cost and equipment life.

2. Sputtering on the inner surfaces of the pipeline was a natural step to form layers by surface coating, e.g. corrosion resistant, melting-reducing coatings and the like. Almost every current kinetic sputtering device also has a rectangular nozzle in its equipment that allows the coating to be applied to the inner surface of the tubular object. Systems have been developed to extend the life of such nozzles as well as significantly increase productivity.

The essence of the situation and the state of the art is that the coating is only a surface treatment with relatively thin thicknesses, but the base carrier material (pipe) is still produced in the conventional way.

US7959093 to Payne, DA "Apparatus for applying cold spray to small diameter pores", wherein in the bend of a rectangular nozzle, particle-free auxiliary gas streams are prevented that do not allow the particle stream to contact the wall, touch the nozzle wall and thus not be abrasive activities.

RU2087207 and RU2089665 to Dukin, J.V. et al. "Powder coating equipment", where the auxiliary jet in the coaxial nozzle assembly for 360 ° powder application on the inner wall of the pipe at the point of change from axial to radial direction, the auxiliary protective current protects the outer periphery of the particle flow against direct abrasive contact with the wall.

Patent RU2075535 to Alchimov, A.P. et al. 'Apparatus for coating the inner surface of a pipe' describes a moving nozzle and suction device for extracting unsupported powders on the inner surface of a pipe.

RU2089665 to Nikitin, P.V. et al. "Coating device" describes a device for applying powder to the outer surface of products during the technological process of producing rolled, drawn profiles, which may have any shape. Similarly, Patent RU2222639 (WO 00/56951) to Nikitin, P.V. et al. "Apparatus for coating the interior surfaces of articles" describes a device for applying powder to the inner surface of tubular structures by changing the direction of the supersonic nozzle by 90 °, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the inner surface.

RU2222640 (WO 00/43570) to Nikitin, P.V. et al. "Apparatus for coating exterior surfaces of articles" describes a device for applying powder to the outer surface of tubular structures by shifting the application site and also by changing the direction of the supersonic nozzle to a direction perpendicular to the inner surface.

A particular problem is the service life of the nozzles that operate with the gas streams containing the particles. One solution is the nozzle principle based on the hydrodynamic principle without direct contact of the abrasive particles with the surface of the nozzle material as described in US Patent 6348687 to Brockmann, J.E. "Aerodynamic beam generator for large particles" and in U.S. Patent 8119977 Dong-Guen Lee .Aerodynamic lens capable of focusing nonoparticles in a wide range ". These solutions are multi-tiered and thus not efficient enough for high-pressure and high-volume systems.

Another very significant problem is the operation of the kinetic sputtering system under ambient liquid conditions with different viscosities and pressures.

The nearest analogy is plasma deposition, welding, cutting and similar underwater technologies. A number of solutions are known in the art, which are particularly proven for welding and cutting at relatively low depths (up to 100m). While these solutions are a possible conceptual starting point, innovative changes are required for the high hypersonic velocity of the particulate working gas and requiring a substrate in the absence of water residue.

By way of example, US Patent 6498316 to Aher B. A col, "Plasma torch and method for underwater cutting", which describes a multiple gas flow protection system to prevent water and plasma jet contact. It is based on a series of prior patents having a common effect, target, but are only variants of the geometry and number of protective currents (US4029930, US4291217, US4964568, US4816637, US154354, US486383, US6265689).

All these solutions use cold protective currents. There is therefore a need for innovation both in geometry and in the temperature of the jets disclosed in the present patent.

In the field of specialized layers, an important role in the role of the deformation zone is played by foamed layers, whether in metallic, ceramic or polymeric bases. US7402277 to Reghavan et al. “Method of forming metal foams by cold spray technique” describes one of the possible technologies of kinetic sputtering of metal foam.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The process of sheeting in an additive manner in the kinetic application of the powdered material to the borehole walls makes it possible to continuously form the sheeting simultaneously with the drilling process in geological formations.

The essence of the present invention is that the sheeting is formed by multiple layering of deposited layers of powdered material and part material obtained from drilled and disrupted borehole material. The particles of powdered material entrained in the carrier gas and upon impact on the surface of the borehole walls or the mold or the previous layer are molded and formed, i.e. deposited on the surface so as to form individual layers of sheeting on the inner wall of the borehole or mold. In order to deposit particles on the surface to be deposited, i.e., to form, flow and join them in a continuous layer, they must be accelerated and overheated to such a level that they impact plastically deformed upon impact on the surface of the borehole walls and form a compact sheeting directly on the well wall. The required level of acceleration and overheating varies for different materials. The deposited material is layered in several layers to form a layer forming the carrier layer of the borehole shoring. Additional layers are applied to the carrier layer, taking into account the functional requirements and needs of the resulting sheeting with respect to the composition and function of the material layers formed. The requirements and functions for each layer define the setting of the parameters of the input disintegrated material for each applied layer.

The deposition of material layers by additive kinetic sputtering of metallic, non-metallic and composite materials utilizes the acceleration and heating of powder particles of the material and its subsequent plastic deformation of the deformable powder fraction upon impact on the surface to be deposited. The accelerated and heated powder particles upon impact on the borehole wall surface and / or the mold surface, or on the surface of the previous sheeting layer, form a layered composite sheeting on the inner borehole wall, or on the mold, preferably in a liquid environment.

In the sheeting process, a disintegrated rock material is used, from which selected fractions suitable for the process of kinetic coating of the powder to the sheeting layer, to the place of sheeting on the borehole wall, or to the previous sheeting of the sheeting to be formed. Controlled thermal treatments of the deposited layers, powder and rock material by overheating and cooling create and stabilize the sheeting. Stabilization and treatment of the lining layers are carried out continuously in several stages simultaneously.

In the case of cold kinetic sputtering, the main advantage over conventional drilling technologies is the possibility to form a sheeting in part directly from the disrupted material where the geological composition permits. In contrast to the fusible and high-temperature methods of applying the material to the walls and to the formation of the sheeting on the borehole wall, the resulting product of this process does not have the disadvantageous strength properties of the vitrified sheeting. It is an object of the present invention to form a sheeting by an additive process of the powdered material accelerated in the carrier gas of the powdered material applied in the borehole wall layers to form the sheeting of advantageous functional properties such as tensile and compressive strength, compliance, permeability, porosity, heat insulation properties and others.

If there is a failure in the geological formation and there is eg a “hole” in the borehole wall, it is necessary to place a mold at this place, replacing the borehole wall at this point, and then the shoring support layer is formed directly on the sliding mold.

The borehole wall and / or mold is initially formed by a sheeting support layer, such that a borehole wall and / or mold is applied in layers to the borehole and / or mold, the individual layers of the backing layer being of the same or different material composition and the backing layer preferably it forms a composite at the microstructure and / or macrostructure level, and additional layers of sheeting can be applied to the backing layer.

It is preferred that the lining layers are applied simultaneously over the entire circumference of the borehole, whereby the applied surface may exhibit deviations from roundness and surface irregularities. Application over the entire circumference is achieved by using a suitable slot of the sheeting device. Acceleration and heating of the particles to be applied to the borehole wall or to the previous sheeting is achieved by mixing them with a carrier gas having the necessary thermal and kinetic energy. The accelerated and heated mixture of particles and carrier gas exits the nozzle perpendicularly to the well wall to be deposited or to the previous sheeting from a location close to the well wall. The amount of thermal and kinetic energy depends on the material used to form the sheeting. The levels of these energies vary with different materials.

The sheeting layers are simultaneously applied in several stages in parallel to the previously applied sheeting layer or borehole wall.

The individual layers are simultaneously applied on the wall of the borehole in several application stages on top of each other. Together, the layers form a carrier sheet which forms coaxial structures with the same or different properties, thereby forming a sandwich and composite structure in the sheet. The advantage of multi-layer shoring is the possibility of choosing the geometry of the coating over the entire circumference of the borehole, but also by defining the application in a sector for functional or strength reasons.

The degree and level of application of a single layer is in the range of 8-18 g / s, preferably 12-18 g / s. In forming a sheet, it is preferred that multiple layers are applied such that subsequent layers are stacked with an offset which Layer deposition operations in multiple stages of the device make it possible to deposit and layer the deposition layers on top of each other.

In order to improve the sheeting properties it is advantageous to:

a) Add specialized additives, reinforcing elements in order to improve the mechanical properties of the sheeting and / or a foaming additive in order to adjust the heat-insulating and mechanical properties of the sheeting walls / agents initiating the formation of a porous sheeting structure (e.g. titanium hydride).

(b) adjust and control the particle velocity and temperature so as to have an abrasive effect on the surface applied. This also improves the sheeting properties.

c) The deposited layer consists of powder particles which after application form a layer with markedly sliding properties.

The resulting sheeting consists of several layers, some of which may contain additives and based on the additive being added, the properties of the deposited material are adjusted not only between the individual layers of the sheeting but also along the axis of the sheeting to form sandwich and composite clusters and resulting properties of the entire sheeting.

It is preferred that the wall surface of the borehole or previous sheeting prior to the coating is treated such that the carrier gas mixture mixed with the particles is free of depositability, i.e. the particles are free of binder or the kinetic energy of the carrier gas is outside the critical particle deposition rate. rocks and minerals. In this case, the surface to be treated is mechanically cleaned, roughened and otherwise treated, thereby achieving an advantageous surface treatment for depositing the deposited layers.

The applied layers of sheeting or borehole wall may be preheated to increase the adhesion of the next layer, the efficiency of the coating process on the wall surface or the previous layer before further deposition.

The applied layers are heated - heat treated in order to improve the mechanical properties or to activate the foaming additives.

In addition to the coated sheathing layers having a supporting function, it is possible to apply a layer having a sliding function. Such a layer may, if necessary, separate the carrier layers. It is also preferred that such a layer is applied to the mold so that the mold can slide further along the well wall.

The overlay is also used in forming the ducts in the borehole shoring. By moving one or more molding tools in such a sliding intermediate layer, an aperture is formed which forms the duct in a layered sheeting along the bore axis. The piping channels formed in this way are connected with fluid inlets, such as, for example, powdered materials, carrier gas medium, additives, electrical conductors, signal conductors, inlets of other materials and others. By moving the mold of the molding tool, the connected media are also moved, which are guided through the formed pipe opening from the borehole surface to the bore-hole and gripper device. The sliding layer, which is formed of materials containing additives to reduce the shear stresses in the applied layer, is then, after molding with a molding tool, one or more supporting functional layers applied to obtain the necessary strength of the entire structure. A suitable sliding layer may be, for example, graphite deposited on a surface having a lead matrix, respectively. tin

Preferably, the at least one sheeting is formed from a metal matrix that fills the material obtained by separating the disintegrated material from the drilling process. By combining the application of a variety of materials and metal matrix forming materials under conditions of not greatly exceeding the critical material velocity and thereby exceeding the creep limit of kinetic deposition, this method can be used to apply highly inhomogeneous materials as well as is different from the surface of the materials to which such deposition is known.

The layers thus formed can be heat treated by different heat treatment heat treatment modes in order to achieve advantageous metallurgical changes depending on the type of material. Because the individually applied layers of sheeting are thermally stressed during the forming and forming of the layers, they have different properties upon impact on the applied surface, these layers are advantageously stabilized and their properties improved by heat treatment by different heat treatment regimes to achieve advantageous metallurgical changes depending on the type material. Preferably, they are annealed and stabilized by heat flux.

In order to increase the efficiency of the process, the liquid of the working environment at the application site is locally displaced by the particle carrier gas or protective medium / gas stream.

For efficient use and deposition of deposited materials in a liquid medium, the particulate carrier gas stream is surrounded by a shielding stream that forms a protective envelope between the working environment fluid and the particulate carrier gas and maintains the integrity of the particulate carrier gas stream and separates it from the fluid environment. energy and material intensity of coating.

The protective current removes liquid from the surface to be applied and the surface to be applied is dried and preheated prior to depositing / application,

The carrier gas stream is compressed by a shielding current that separates the carrier gas stream with the particles from the nozzle walls and protects the outlet orifice from direct contact with the material in the outlet orifice, i. before it is damaged and creates a hydrodynamic nozzle,

The gases are accelerated and expanded preferably by the thermal plasma of the electric arc, where the pressure is increased by heating and expansion upon contact of the carrier gases and the electric arc.

Compared to cold kinetic sputtering of metals on a surface of materials that functionally improves only the surface properties of the component to which the layer is applied, the present method is an intensive method of depositing a material that forms a backing sheet of thickness with multiple layering well walls, or on an auxiliary form / template. In mechanical, but especially in thermal drilling, homines are broken up into small particles, where by proper separation and selection these are suitable and usable for the kinetic coating process, where these dust particles are sufficiently accelerated in the carrier gas, then thrown and applied to the well wall. , or the previous layer of sheeting, the multiple additive way of forming the sheeting on the borehole wall. An advantageous part of the flow of the carrier gas / particulate carrier mixture in the liquid medium is to minimize the kinetic energy losses of the current between the liquid medium and the gas interface, minimizing the distance of the device from the surface to be applied and especially minimizing the kinetic energy losses of the accelerated current. The particulate carrier gas stream is surrounded by one or more protective streams, which form a protective envelope between the surrounding liquid working environment and the accelerated carrier gas mixed with the particulate powder. This flow stream layering configuration maintains the integrity of the carrier gas stream with the particles, thereby separating it from the liquid environment and minimizing the loss of kinetic energy of the particles at the expense of shaping the deposited particles onto the deposited surface and thereby protecting the particles.

When the critical rate of application of the powdered material to the wall surface is exceeded, the wall surface is abrasively and thermally treated to the desired shape or form where the applied material is not applied but acts as a machining material. This rupture and surface treatment mechanism makes it possible to adjust the borehole walls to the required roughness and stability for the actual sheathing.

Apparatus for forming layers of borehole wall material by an additive powder coating process according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises at least one stage comprising an acceleration chamber and a chamber for mixing particles with a carrier gas to be applied connected to the media supply , for dispensing the applied powder into the carrier gas and comprising a nozzle, protective nozzles, separating, controlling and regulating mechanisms (valves, etc.),

The discharge nozzle for the exit of the carrier gas and particulate mixture from the acceleration and mixing chamber is located in the immediate vicinity of the well wall to form layers of material into the sheeting. The apparatus may comprise multiple stages operating in parallel,

The carrier gas acceleration chamber contains a pressure increase module based on the principle of heating and gas expansion by the electric arc heat plasma

In order to ensure the deposition of material over the entire circumference of the borehole, it is preferred that the chamber for accelerating and mixing the carrier gas particles comprises a nozzle of circular annular shape such that the nozzle is arranged around the circumference of the circle.

If necessary, the outflow opening may be in the form of a nozzle in the form of a slot,

The slot-shaped nozzle is surrounded by a hydrodynamic nozzle in the peripheral parts, which fulfills the protective function of the nozzle,

The particle acceleration and mixing chamber may be divided into two parts, the acceleration chamber and the particle mixing chamber, the mixing chamber preferably being located downstream of the gas acceleration chamber,

The control mechanisms include, in particular, control and regulation of temperatures, control and regulation of carrier gas acceleration, and control and regulation of powder dosing into the carrier gas.

Main advantages of the solution

It allows the application of material of the desired composition, not only rocks, but also metals, minerals and other morphological structures.

Creating composite structures of desirable properties and with preferably adjusted strength, stiffness and flexibility.

Consistent use of hydrodynamic (aerodynamic) principles to protect the walls and elements of the equipment.

Application of material layers in flooded environment

Injection of powders with gas into internally formed and externally protected stream

Acceleration, focusing of the carrier gas and its compression inside with increasing density and not outside of the device where the gas expands also with the carrier medium of particle acceleration.

Focusing efficiency increases with pressure-denser environment, System without physical nozzle aerodynamic focusing

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of several stages of rotational symmetrical slots of the underwater powder coating apparatus by the kinetic deposition-kinetic sputtering method.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an applied sheeting with piping for supplying media to the devices.

Fig. 4 shows the sequence of processes in the unit stage of the kinetic coating of the sheeting.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

The formation of sheeting using the rock material 16 of the present invention is given by the sequence of processes for treating and depositing powdered materials in composite sheeting layers on the inner wall of the well, wherein one preferred embodiment is described by the following steps:

Into the input part of the device i.e. Into the gas acceleration chamber 3 and the material gas / gas mixing chamber 4, the components of the additive deposition system, which are the powder material 8, the additive additives, are fed to the feed gas and the feed gas is supplied. or in gaseous form.

In the gas acceleration chamber 3 and the material particle mixing chamber 4 by means of a plasma electric arc, the carrier gas is accelerated to a speed that accelerates the powdered material particles to a level such that the material particles are plastically deformed upon impacting the borehole walls 9 and form a compact layer. By this mechanism, the kinetic energy required for the lamination of the material to be deposited on the surface to be applied is transmitted to the powder particles of the material. The thermal effect of gas expansion is used to accelerate and heat the powder particles of the material to a temperature lower than the melting point, and at the same time the intensity of the thermal effect is reduced by phase conversion or heating of the carrier medium through which the powder is fed into the gas acceleration chamber 3 and the mixing chamber 4 of particles of material. In the gas acceleration chamber 3 and the particulate material mixing chamber 4, the particulate material in powder form is admixed into the carrier gas, where the kinetic and thermal energy is transferred to the powdered particulate material. The correct level of velocity and temperature of the resulting mixture of carrier gas and powder particles 8 of the material is regulated by the temperature control mechanism and the mechanism of control and acceleration of the carrier gas by adjusting the desired critical speed and temperature according to the type of material.

The prepared mixture of material 8 for application in the carrier gas stream is through the slot nozzle 5, which is located on the cylindrical periphery of the device, discharged from the gas acceleration chamber 3 and the material particle mixing chamber 4 towards the surface to be applied. wall 9 of a well near it. Such a nozzle shape makes it possible to apply powdered material around the circumference on the wall 9 of the borehole, the application eliminating the deficiencies of deviation from the roundness and accepting surface irregularities. In close proximity to the discharge nozzle 5 are the hydrodynamic nozzles 11 which supply a protective current 7 of deposition and depositing. This protective current 7 expels the liquid 15 of the environment and thus creates a working environment for the application of powder particles of material present in the carrier stream.

The sheathing device is located in the annular space between the borehole wall and the drill body 14 of the drilling device, which extends in the borehole axis to the face of the drilling apparatus 13. Due to the intensification of the amount of powder material to be applied, the coating device is formed by several stages. Each stage comprises a gas acceleration chamber 3 and a particulate mixing chamber 4. The individual steps apply the layers of sheeting 12 continuously in parallel, see FIG. Not every stage of the device is designed to apply a layer of material. Depending on the need and the structure of the coating layers 10 to be applied, the individual stages of the device are applied either homogeneously, that is, the same layers 10, or differently with different powder coating compositions. Some stages of the device are intended for the thermal and / or abrasive treatment of the already applied layers 10 of the lining 12 or the borehole wall. In this case, the stage of the device operates without the applied powder. The input of the material to the individual stages of the apparatus is controlled by the mechanisms of control and regulation of powder dosing into the carrier gas, which ensure the supply of powder materials according to the required material composition. In the case of supplying the same material in several stages in succession, the multiple layers of lining 10 applied are the same and form a homogeneous lining layer of higher thickness, or, for different materials or additions, add composite layers 10, reinforcing and reinforcing the lining 12. (for example, titanium hydride) and / or initiating agents with admixed powder followed by only thermal exposure of the deposited layer 10 to a subsequent step are activated reagents to form a porous structure.

The method of depositing the layers 10 of the sheeting 12 is adapted to the functional requirements and needs of the resulting sheeting 12 with respect to the composition and function of its formed layers of material. The requirements resulting from the desired properties of the sheeting 12 define the scope and adjustment of the parameters of the input disintegrated material: quantity, concentration, gravimetric composition, which is provided by the control and regulation module 5.

Powder material is also supplied to the acceleration and mixing chamber 3, 4, which also consists of a part of the drilled and disintegrated rock material from which the fractions suitable for the kinetic powder coating process of layers of desired strength and elastic properties are separated and selected.

By laminating the individual layers 10 of the lining 12 onto the borehole walls, a coaxial sandwich structure is formed consisting of layers with varying volume fractions of drilled (fagmented) rock or minerals. The resulting sandwich structure comprises high and low layers of these hard particles to form a rigid, tough layer composite material. By adjusting the volume of the powder in the carrier gas, it is possible to control the thickness of the individual layers of sheeting and thus its mechanical properties given by the sandwich composite structure. The mineral particles are blending with mainly metallic particles that form a metal matrix that forms the binder of the applied powder mixture.

Example 2

In a similar embodiment of the device which contains most of the elements and functional capabilities mentioned in Example 1, it additionally extends the additive sheeting device by additional functionalities:

In chamber 3, 4 of accelerating the gas and mixing the material particles by mechanical-thermal expansion of the compressed gas supplied from the borehole surface to the inlet to chamber T, 4 of accelerating gas and mixing the material particles the carrier gas supplied by expansion 2 reaches a velocity that accelerates the powder particles to such the level that the particles on the surface of the well walls 9 are plastically deformed and form a compact layer 10.

Some of the steps of depositing material on the borehole wall 9 are a deposited material layer 10 that allows to apply a layer or part of a layer that preferably separates adjacent deposited layers 10 of the lining 12 and allows the mold to which the deposited material layers are applied. This layer of material has lower shear stresses, which creates a sliding interface 17 between the applied sheeting layer and the molding tool 18, which by its displacement with the borehole device forms a pipeline distribution 19 in the sheeting on the borehole wall.

In a similar way, the sheeting is created by applying layers to the auxiliary sheeting in places where there is no cavity wall or cavity near the device.

Device Parts:

1. Supply of coating powders and additives

2. Supply of media for the production of carrier and shielding gas

3. Carrier Acceleration Chamber

4. Particle mixing chamber with carrier gas

5. Outlet nozzle

6. Carrier and shielding gas evacuating environment

7. Protective current coming from the discharge nozzles

8. The deposited material in the carrier gas stream

9. Well walls

10. Coated layers of sheeting

11. Hydrodynamic nozzles for the protection of the carrier gas / particle mixture

12. Well casing

13. Head of boiling apparatus

14. Drilling of body - mechanical or plasma drilling

15. Ambient liquid environment

16. Drilled rock

17. Sliding layer-interface

18. Molding tool for pipeline distribution

19. Pipeline distribution

Claims (28)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Formation of a borehole by depositing layers of material by means of kinetic sputtering by the additive kinetic deposition of metallic, non-metallic and composite materials utilizing acceleration and heating of powder particles of material and subsequent plastic deformation of the deformable fraction of powder upon impact on the applied surface. the particles of powdered material impact on the borehole wall surface and / or on the mold or surface of the previous sheeting layer so as to form a layered composite sheeting on the inner borehole wall and / or on the mold especially in a liquid environment. The borehole lining formation according to claim 1, characterized in that a borehole support layer is formed on the borehole wall and / or on the mold by applying a layer of material to the borehole wall and / or the mold, the layers being the same or a different material composition, and the backing layer preferably forms a composite at the level of the microstructure and / or the macrostructure, and further layers of sheeting may be applied to the backing layer. The borehole formation according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the lining layers are applied simultaneously over the entire circumference of the borehole, wherein the applied surface may exhibit roundness variations and surface irregularities. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the acceleration and heating of the particles to be applied to the borehole wall and / or the mold or to the previous lining layer is achieved by mixing them with a carrier gas having the necessary thermal and kinetic energy, and the accelerated and heated mixture of particles and carrier gas is applied to the borehole wall and / or to the mold or previous layer of sheeting from a location near the borehole wall. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of sheeting layers are simultaneously applied in several stages to the borehole wall and / or to the previously applied sheeting layers so that the next sheet is applied to the previous layer with a displacement which allows depositing and layering of applied layers on top of each other. The borehole lining formation according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that additives are added to the deposited material to reinforce and reinforce the wall of the formed lining, The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that foaming additives are added to the material to be deposited, i. agents initiating the formation of a porous sheet wall structure (e.g., titanium hydride). The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the surface of the borehole wall or the previous lining layer is treated prior to the application of the layers such that the carrier gas mixture mixed with the material particles is free of depositing material. wherein the material particles do not contain a binder or kinetic energy that is less than the critical rate of plastic deformation of the particles and deposition of the material particles, in which case the surface to be treated is mechanically cleaned, roughened and otherwise treated to provide an advantageous surface treatment. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the deposited layers of the borehole or borehole wall are preheated to increase the adhesion of the next layer, the efficiency of the deposition process on the wall surface or the previous layer before further deposition. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the deposited layers are flash-treated in order to improve the mechanical properties and / or to activate the foaming additives. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one applied layer or part of the sliding layer separates adjacent sheathing or deposited sheathing layers from the mold by different properties ensuring a shear stress reduction in such a layer, which thereby forms a sliding interface. . A borehole formation according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the sliding layer forms a sliding liner for the movement of the forming mandrel for the pipework formed in the lining walls. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least one lining layer is formed from a metal matrix filled with a material that can be obtained by separating the disintegrated material from the drilling process. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the formed layers are thermally treated by heat flow through at least one thermal regime in which the formed layers are subjected to a gradual thermal effect in order to achieve advantageous metallurgical changes depending on the material type. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the carrier gas stream flows at a velocity from the nozzles on a circular circumference at which the accelerated material particles reach the level of kinetic energy required for plastic deformation and thus their application. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the fluid of the working environment at the application site is locally displaced by a particulate carrier gas stream or a shielding gas stream. 17. The borehole formation of claims 1 to 16, wherein in the liquid medium, the particulate carrier gas stream is surrounded by a protective stream that forms a protective envelope between the working fluid and the particulate carrier gas and maintains the integrity of the particulate carrier gas stream; separates it from the liquid medium. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the protective current removes liquid from the surface to be deposited and the surface to be deposited is dried and preheated before the material is deposited. A borehole formation according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the carrier gas stream is compressed by a shielding current that separates the carrier gas stream with the material particles from the nozzle walls and protects the outlet orifice from direct contact with the orifice material particles, thereby creating a hydrodynamic nozzle. The borehole formation according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the gases are advantageously accelerated by the electric arc and thermal plasma flow, where the pressure of the carrier gases and the electric arc is increased by heating and expansion. Apparatus for forming a borehole by depositing layers of material on the borehole walls by an additive powder coating process according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it comprises at least one stage comprising a gas acceleration chamber (3) and a mixing chamber (4) of material particles to be deposited with a carrier gas and separating, controlling and regulating mechanisms, the gas acceleration chamber (3) is connected to the media supply (2) and the material particle mixing chamber (4) is connected to the feed (1) dosing powder feed to the carrier gas, The particle mixing chamber is preferably located downstream of the gas acceleration chamber (3) and in such an arrangement the material particle mixing chamber (4) comprises an outlet nozzle (5). A borehole forming device according to claim 21, characterized in that the outlet nozzle (5) for discharging the mixture of carrier gas and material particles from the particle mixing chamber (4) is located in the immediate vicinity of the borehole wall (9) for forming the layers (10). ) of the stock material. The borehole production device according to claims 21 and 22, characterized in that the gas acceleration chamber (3) and the particulate material mixing chamber (4) form a single particle acceleration and mixing chamber (3, 4) and individual chamber parts (3,4) follow each other. The borehole forming device according to claims 21 and 23, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of stages arranged one behind the other so that they can operate in parallel. The borehole forming device according to claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the carrier gas acceleration chamber (3) comprises a pressure increase module based on the heating and expansion of the gas by the thermal plasma of an electric arc. The borehole forming device according to claims 21 to 25, characterized in that the outflow nozzle (5) is in the form of a ring with outflows in the radial direction around its periphery. The borehole forming device according to claims 21 to 26, characterized in that the outlet nozzle (5) is slot-shaped. The borehole forming device according to claims 21 to 27, characterized in that the slot-shaped outflow nozzle (5) is surrounded in circumferential parts by hydrodynamic nozzles (11) which fulfill the protective function of the outflow nozzle (5). The borehole shoring device according to claims 21 to 29, characterized in that the control mechanisms comprise in particular temperature control and regulation mechanisms, carrier gas acceleration control mechanisms and mechanisms for controlling the powder dosing into the carrier gas.