SI25158A - Wooden wall of solid semi-finished wood products and solid wooden lath - Google Patents

Abstract

Wooden wall made of solid wood semi-finished products with its basic structural element - massive wooden battens, represents an innovative approach to the making of wooden walls, since it is based on the exploitation of wood materials; semi-finished products, and on the quality of the workplace as well as the living space. Depending on the method of construction with the implementation of a wooden wall made of solid wood semi-products, that is, layers of wooden slats with grooves that are fully used, including length residues, and the acquisition of basic material, the idea is also of a cost perspective, which in today's time is one of the main factors in the decisions for new construction. It is possible to vary the structure of the walls of the building with respect to the installation of additional insulation, the number of types of rails, the addition of the finishing inner or outer cover, that the building has the appearance of the inner wall of the plaster and the outer appearance - facades, By selecting the details, we can therefore influence the construction costs and the destination of the building. This means that, according to this method of construction, residential buildings can be built - houses and houses or objects that are not intended for habitation (sheds, garages, garden utensils, workshops, offices ...). Since the elements are made up like children's cubes, the possibility exists for objects to be built according to the system DIY (English abbreviation DIY), which additionally influences the cost of construction.

Description

WOODEN WALL FROM MASSIVE WOODEN SEMI-PRODUCTS AND WOODEN MASSIVE FLOOR DESCRIPTION

The object of the invention is a wooden wall made of solid wooden semi-finished products and the basic structural element, that is, a solid wooden lath with grooves. These are length, corner and height jointed layers of wooden laths that assemble on the building itself. The walls consist of a basic structural element, semi-finished wooden laths with grooves that can be used in full, including length scraps.

The basic composition of this wooden wall is two layers of length and height-linked laths that can be pre-planed. The slats are connected in height by a fastening element, which may optionally be a screw, glue and / or dowel. The laths have grooves at the ends for length joints, with opposite grooves for length joints on each side of the laths, optionally having corner grooves as well. The grooves can be prepared either during the construction of the laths or directly at the construction site with the help of machine tools. frezer. The lengths of the structural slats are individually cut into the surfaces of the structural slats, which represent an insulating air layer in the wall and prevent the slats from twisting. These moldings are the basic structural element. Due to the possibility of connecting the laths lengthwise, they are adjusted to the needs of the length of the wall, because they are lengthened through the grooves and thus adjusted to the length of the wall. from production (for example, instead of the classic 4 tm long, individual laths may be 4 tm long and others, eg 1.2 tm, 3.5 tm).

In the basic version of the wall, there is a half-height offset between the first and second laths, which is formed on the second - inner laths with boards having the same width as the basic laths and only half the height of the laths, which additionally prevents the possibility of thermal bridges. the joints of the individual laths where a thermal bridge could form are displaced in height between the two laths. At places of installation of joinery, slats are easily cut at a 90 degree angle to the required final length.

In the case of the construction of a residential building, when it is necessary to provide a sufficiently low thermal transmittance of the wall to comply with the PURES requirements, vertically screwed laths are attached to the walls of the walls, to which a final inner wall cladding may be provided which may optionally be OSB plasterboard , gypsum board, paneling, decking, another layer of solid wooden slats, etc. In this wall composition, a differently wide layer of insulation can be used between the slats and the inner end layer, but no vapor barriers and vapor barrier foils are required because there are no thermal bridges or only air is left in the duct. The foils are not used because there is no contact with cold and warm air, as thermal bridges are prevented and therefore no condensation occurs. If wool, cotton, cellulose or textile flakes are used instead of artificial insulating materials, and wooden dowels are used instead of adhesives and screws, an ecologically sound wall is produced whose production has left a low carbon footprint in the environment. The thicker the insulation layer, the more energy-efficient the object is. It is very easy to match both the wall and its thermal transmittance with the PURES requirements as described below.

In the case of construction of a non-residential building, the final interior wall covering, vertical slats and insulation can be omitted.

Other derivatives of the base wall are also possible. One example is to use when making e.g. garden scales, sheds, garages, etc. objects with only one layer of height and length laths and we get an object with a wall width of e.g. 8 cm (depending on the size of the base lath and whether it is machined to joiner quality).

Another embodiment of the wall is to make room for an air bridge or a layer of insulation between the two layers of wooden laths, which are spaced apart by the width of the air bridge or. insulation. In this case, the inner lath layer may also be the final inner lining or optionally additionally a particularly lining may be made. In this case, the inner lining is attached to the slats fastened vertically to the inner lath layer.

It is also possible to construct a wall where, instead of side slots, the slats on the corners are cut at a 90 degree angle, and in this case, the prevention of the possibility of thermal bridges is achieved by external protection of the corners with a wooden corner board or by the facade through OSB panels and the external finishing facade. layer.

On the floor, an AB foundation board must be prepared before the wall-building is constructed. A sheet of Fragmat Isotect type waterproofing layer is laid on the slab in places below the future wall. The waterproofing layer prevents moisture from moving from the AB baseplate to the wood to prevent deformation of the wall, whose constituent material otherwise absorbs moisture. The wall is attached to the AB board, which can be done by e.g. metal angles with screws or the lower layers of the laths at the corners are drilled, through which the threaded bar runs from the AB plate into the wall. The tip of the rod and the top of the lath layer to which the rod extends can be terminated with wood-dipped nuts screwed onto the threaded rod, with washers under the nuts.

When checking the energy performance of a newly assembled wall, a wall with this specific composition was put into a computer program that calculates the thermal transmittance of the wall. The aim was to verify that the wall in its composition complies with the PURES policy, which is a prerequisite for the use of innovation in the field of residential construction. The result of the measurements showed that the wall with the composition - viewed from the outside 7.5 + 7.5 cm of wood + 7.5 cm of insulation of biological origin - cellulose flakes or textile flakes or wool or cotton or straw, etc. - all of these have similar melts. transience) + 5 cm of wood as the interior lining of the building gives sufficient energy efficiency, which means a factor below 0.28. This is achieved without the use of vapor barriers and vapor permeable foils. Comparison of the calculations of the thermal transmittance of walls between a classic masonry house and a wooden wall shows that a comparable thermal conductivity of a wooden wall is achieved at approximately 10% less wall thickness, which means that a smaller gross floor space is used to construct a comparatively insulated building. The basic finding from the comparison of thermal transmittance of walls is that with the described variations of the composition of the wooden wall it is possible to build buildings where energy efficiency is not important (sheds, garages, weights, etc.), or energy efficient houses, low energy or even passive ones can be built using insulation. houses, weekends, campsites, etc.

In more detail, the invention will be shown in the example of construction (arbor with a description of the technical characteristics of the object) and with a description of the implementation examples shown in the accompanying drawings, showing:

FIG. 1 design of a model building, 7.5x5.0 m high, 3.5m high, with solid wooden semi-finished wooden walls in axonometric projection.

51.2. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to the invention, claim no. 1, of two layers of lengthwise and height-linked laths with half height displacement on the inner layer of laths, in orthogonal projection.

51.3. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to the invention, claim No. 1, of two layers of lengthwise and height-linked laths with half height displacement on the inner layer of laths, in axonometric projection.

51.4. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to the invention, claim 2, of two layers of lengthwise and height-linked laths with half height displacement on the inner layer of laths, with additionally fixed vertical slats on the inside of the wall to which the end inner wall is attached lining, so that a layer of insulation can be used between the slats and the inner end layer, or only air is left in the duct. The figure in axonometric view shows an embodiment with insulation.

51.5 Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to the invention, claim 2, of two layers of lengthwise and height-linked laths with half-height offset on the inner layer of laths, with additionally fixed vertical laths on the inside of the wall to which the end inner wall is attached liner so that a layer of insulation can be used between the slats and the inner end layer, or only air is left in the duct. The figure in axonometric view shows an embodiment with impassable air.

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51.6 One-layer wooden wall with longitudinally and height-linked slats according to the invention, claim 3, in axonometric projection.

51.7 The wooden wall according to the invention, claim no. 4, of two layers of longitudinally and height-linked laths spaced apart by the width of the insulation layer or optionally an air bridge. An embodiment with insulation is shown in the axonometric projection.

51.8 Basic structural element - solid wooden strip according to the invention, claim 5, which has grooves for length joints in axonometric projection at the ends.

51.9 Basic structural element - solid wooden lath according to the invention, claim 6, which has grooves for length joints at each end, with opposite grooves for longitudinal joining and additional grooves for corner joints on each side.

51.10 Basic structural element - solid wooden lath according to the invention, showing the height connection of the laths, where the connecting element is optionally a screw, dowel and / or adhesive. The figure in the assembly projection shows the screw option.

The meaning of the numeric tags in the pictures is:

solid wooden slats with slots, 2 fasteners which can optionally be screw, glue or dowel, 3 slots for length joints, 4 slots for corner joints, 5 slots to prevent twisting of slats, 6 half height offset between two layers of slats, 7 vertically screwed laths, 8 finished interior wall cladding, 9 insulation layer, 10 impassable air.

BUILDING EXAMPLE - GARDEN MOUNT - DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BUILDING

For example, the construction of a model building, 7.5x5.0 m in height, 3.5m high, will be shown.

The final version of the product is to install a completely wooden prefabricated object on the AB baseplate. The model building is basically a rectangular gauge of approximately 7.50 x 5.00 m, with a height of approximately 3.50 m. The roof is a single roof with a minimum slope of 6 ° (or more). The facility is primarily intended for workshops, closed or semi-open garages and • other ancillary facilities, which is the basis for further development of holiday and also residential buildings.

Construction

The AB board will be made on a tampon base in the thickness of 20.0 cm and hydro insulated over the entire surface. The walls are then waterproofed with solid wooden semi-finished wooden walls as the basic structure of the building.

The wooden walls consist of two layers of longitudinally glued laths, which are planed and have grooves at the ends for length joints. What is specific about this construction is that the scraps of slats are used which have the prescribed width and height, regardless of their length. Due to the possibility of length joining of the strips, the length is adjusted to the needs of the wall length and the length of the strips themselves. Small grooves are unilaterally cut into the surfaces of the structural moldings along the entire length, representing an insulating air layer in the wall and preventing the moldings from twisting. As such, the moldings and planers for the longitudinal and corner joints are already prepared in production. The laths are glued to each other with wood glue and additionally screwed to prevent the possibility of twisting and deviating laths and the formation of thermal bridges. As an option for adhesives and screws, in the case of completely ecological construction, these two components (or at least screws) can be replaced by dowels that connect the two slats. In the case of gluing, slow-drying water-based adhesive is used, and the walls may eventually be difficult to accommodate at the end of the work each day to allow the laths to better adhere or heighten. they go blind. Between the first and second layers of laths there is a half height offset formed on the second - inner layer of laths by boards, which further prevents the possibility of thermal bridges. At the places of installation of joinery, however, the slats are easily cut at a 90 degree angle to the final desired length.

On the inside of the wooden wall made of solid wooden semi-finished products there is a vertically screwed lath, to which a final inner wall panel is attached, which can be OSB plasterboard, plasterboard, paneling, nautical floor, etc. if desired. Between the interior moldings and the wall covering is an installation duct, which can be an air bridge or filled with cellulose fibers (or other insulating material) for better thermal insulation of the building.

A solid solid wood semi-finished wall is built on the floor where the AB foundation board is required. A waterproofing layer of Fragmat Isotect type is laid on the slab under the future wall. The lower layers of the moldings are laid on a waterproofing layer, which prevents moisture from passing from the AB baseplate to the wood, to prevent deformation of the wall of wood, which otherwise absorbs moisture as a material. The solid solid wood semi-finished wall is fixed to the AB board by metal corners with screws.

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The one-drop roof of the model object is made with classic wooden structural elements (positions and rafters). The roofing can be sheet metal - anodized ALU, plastic roofing or other roofing, in which the minimum slopes must be observed and adjusted accordingly.

The joinery of the building is expected to be of wooden construction with thermal transmittance U _Wmax = 1.1 W / m ² K.

The pressure is made suitable for the usefulness of the building. In any case, it is reasonable to carry out thermal insulation with AB screed and a final pressure appropriate for the purpose of the use of the room.

The outer layer of wood is planed and presumably protected by impregnation for basic, preventative protection of wood (protection against insects and fungi). The basic impregnation is applied to a wood care layer based on linseed or other wood care oil. This way, the solid wood semi-finished wooden wall allows for easy maintenance with additional restoration layers without great preparation and expense. If desired, the wooden exterior appearance of the building, after pre-treatment, can be "upgraded" with a layer of plaster - the appearance of a classic facade.

Due to the construction of a wooden wall made of solid wooden semi-finished products, there is no need to install additional steam barriers or steam barriers. Wooden walls absorb electromagnetic radiation, to which we are today heavily exposed from countless sources. Wood regulates humidity so that the air in the room is not too moist or dry. There is also no problem with holding an object as it is with classic log cabins.

THE PROBLEM SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

1. The problem to be solved by the present invention is that this wooden wall of solid wood semi-finished products having a basic structural element (i.e. slats with grooves) is connected in height to the dowels or screws and / or glued to each other, and lengthwise (optional also angularly) connected through the grooves, we assemble on the construction site from laths with grooves, which can be basic factory cut lengths, or for the sake of the prepared grooves we can also use all the lengths of the laths. Delaying the height of the strips and connecting them in a new way solves the prevention of thermal bridges.

2. The problem solved by the invention is that this wooden wall made of solid wood semi-finished products, which is connected in its entirety in width and width, is cross-linked to the other walls of the building, which has not been done so far. Unlike prefabricated prefabricated walls, this technology is obtained by having a wall that has the corners interconnected and not fastened with "purpeno" or screwed together with metal corners when the case of prefabricated houses, even if their walls are wooden.

3. The problem we solve is that the basic structural element of this wooden wall made of solid wooden semi-finished products is easy enough to carry even for the individual and easy enough to fold (similar to a baby cube system) to allow the construction of a building made of solid wooden walls the investor also undertakes; as one person or DIY without helpers on the system.

EXISTING SOLUTIONS AND COMPARISON WITH A PATENTED PRODUCT

- There are wooden structures on the market that have walls made in very different ways. Some consist of classic logs 2 to 10 cm thick, while others have glued wooden logs up to a total width of 14 cm. Again, the following have structural walls that are enclosed by OSB, wooden panels or other materials outside and inside the building. There are facilities that have prefabricated walls already built in the factory (eg the Nazarje Glin system) or the facilities consist of round logs.

- The patented solid wood semi-finished wall composition can be compared to a low-energy or passive classically constructed facility due to its relatively small wall thickness, half height deflections, wood insulation and built-in biological insulation. Likewise, such a wooden object is ecologically impeccable when used or end of use. lifetime. According to the classic construction, the wooden walls are 10% thinner with comparable insulation.

- According to the indicator of living comfort (automatic humidity control, breathing of material, prevention of radiation intrusion, non-escape of poisons from the material), such object is compared with wooden log buildings, except that the log contacts do not need to be protected with wool, rubber and / or "purpeno" - contacts are always a problem with log buildings and do not fit PURES without internal insulation, so they must be unilaterally closed with insulation, which is why the owners of log houses are generally avoided because logs are not visible then these objects may be controversial in energy terms.

- According to the indicator of fast and dry construction, good insulation, such an object can be compared to prefabricated construction, except that the walls of solid wooden semi-finished products are cross-linked, which gives the building compactness and greater earthquake stability due to the use of steam, wind barriers

and natural insulating materials, the comfort of living in such an object is at a higher level (there is no so-called feeling of being in anorak), and the decomposition of the object is ecologically sound.

A similar comparison is made with a building made of logs with internal or external insulation, which eliminates foils and insulation, prevents the object from settling, no final coating (gypsum boards, etc.) breaks in, walls "breathe" and regulate moisture, and the object does not evaporate poisons.

Claims (6)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall, characterized in that the basic structure of the wall consists of two layers of lengthwise and height-linked laths, that the laths are dried and planed to have laths at the ends of the grooves for length joints, each side being slats are opposite grooves for longitudinal joints, in addition to slots for longitudinal joints, grooves for corner joints, that grooves are cut into the surfaces of structural joints along the entire length, to prevent twisting, that the length of individual battens may be standard or shorter in the composition of the wall, that between the first and second layers of laths there is a half height offset formed by a board of the same width as the lath and half height on the inner layer of the laths, that the laths are laid on the AB board with a backing layer of waterproofing, that the laths are fixed to the AB panel, that the laths in each row are interconnected in height by a bonding element where wood glue, screws and / or bra may optionally be used niki. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to claim 1, characterized in that vertical slats are additionally secured to the inner side of the wooden wall to which a final inner wall cladding is attached so that a layer of insulation can be used between the slats and the inner end layer; however, there is only impassable air in the duct. 3. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall, characterized in that the basic structure of the wall is one layer longitudinally and height-linked laths, that the laths are dried and planed to have laths at the ends of the grooves for length joints, with laths on each side. counter grooves for longitudinal joints, in addition to grooves for longitudinal joints, grooves for corner joints, that grooves are cut into the surfaces of structural joints along the entire length, to prevent twisting, that the length of individual battens may be standard or shorter in the composition of the wall, the laths are laid on an AB board with a layer of waterproofing to keep the laths on the AB board, that the laths are connected to one another in height by a bonding element where wood glue, screws and / or dowels can optionally be used. • · 4. solid wood semi-finished wooden wall, characterized in that the basic structure of the wall consists of two layers of longitudinally and height-linked laths, that the lath layers are spaced apart by the width of the insulation layer or the air bridge, that the slats have grooves at the ends for length joints, each side of the battens having opposite grooves for longitudinal joints and grooves for corner joints, that grooves are unilaterally cut into the surfaces of the structural laths along the entire length to prevent twisting, that the length of the individual laths may be standard or shorter in the composition of the wall, the laths are laid on an AB board with a waterproofing washer to hold the laths on the AB board, that the laths in each row are interconnected in height by a bonding element where wood glue, screws and / or dowels can optionally be used. 5. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the basic structural element is a wooden solid lath of dried and joiner quality, that is, planed to have slots at the ends of grooves for length joints, each having the sides of the battens are counter grooves for longitudinal joints, that the grooves of the structural laths are individually incised grooves along the entire length to prevent twisting, that the length of the individual laths may be standard or shorter in the composition of the wall. 6. Solid wood semi-finished wooden wall according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the basic structural element is a wooden solid lath which is dried and carpentry quality, that is, planed to have slots at the ends of grooves for length joints, each having sides of the battens counter grooves for longitudinal joints, to include one-sided grooves in the surfaces of structural laths along the entire length, to prevent twisting, that the length of individual laths may be standard or shorter in the composition of the wall, in addition to grooves for length joints, corner joints for joining laths in two adjacent walls.