SE500435C2 - Method and apparatus for assembling a transport pallet, wherein packages to be stacked or laid in layers are grouped - Google Patents

Abstract

In order, in particular in central storage installations, to be able automatically to assemble transport pallets which comprise various packages of goods having different outer dimensions, for the purpose of forming at least one layer of packages of goods, in which at least the vertical dimensions of the packages are essentially equal, and/or at least one stack of packages of goods, in which all of the outer dimensions of the packages of goods can be different from one another, the following procedure is adopted: - the packages of goods which are to be piled up in layers on at least one individual goods track (10) are selected, - the packages of goods which are to be stacked on at least one individual goods track (9, 9a, 9b) are selected, - the piling up in layers (15) of the packages of goods which are to be piled up in layers is carried out at least as far as one layer which corresponds essentially to the size of the transport pallets, - the stacking (16) of the packages of goods which are to be stacked is carried out at least as far as one stack, and - the abovementioned at least one layer of packages of goods and the abovementioned at least one stack of packages of goods are put together in order to form a transport pallet comprising various packages of goods. The invention includes, moreover, a device for carrying out the method. <IMAGE>

Description

'iß-lx.) _2_ Furthermore, from other product packages, which have different external dimensions, stacks can be formed on the transport pallet, the construction of which can be chosen so that dc having the largest upper side is arranged at the bottom of the stack, and so on. To achieve this, the method according to the invention is mainly characterized in that for assembling a transport pallet load, which comprises at least one goods packaging layer with at least substantially uniform goods packaging height and at least one goods packaging stack, in which all the external dimensions of each may be too similar, proceed according to the following: - you choose the product packages to be laid in layers on B 1 at least one own product line, - you choose the product packages to be stacked on at least one own product line, - you carry out the stratification of the product packages that gas is laid in layers to at least one stack, substantially the size of the transport pallet, extensive cod liver oil sports podium.

The aforementioned procedure thus comprises a stock-specific product packaging analysis, on the basis of which, in particular according to the external dimensions of the product packaging as well as after the consumption of the goods, the product packaging is selected from which layers are to be formed.

As a selection criterion, the height of the packaging of goods and in others their consumption thus serves primarily. Consequently, due to the external dimensions of the standard pallet, a minimum order quantity of each product or products can be selected, which has a uniform packaging height. These product packages are always arranged in a stack. _3_ In a corresponding way, goods, whose consumption is less and which are thus ordered less at once, are selected for stacking.

The aforementioned system facilitates the composition of transport pallets, which comprise various packages of goods. However, it is of course possible that the order quantities of all goods are free, as the procedure for compiling a transport pallet load with several goods layers and transport pallet loads with several goods piles is used, when due to the order there is no need to ship it. conveyed transport pallet with packaging layers and packaging stacks.

The other features which are characteristic of the process according to the invention appear from the appended subclaims relating to the process.

The invention also relates to a device for assembling a transport pallet load of various goods packages. The device is primarily characterized in that it comprises the following features: - at least one goods web on the one hand for goods packaging to be laid in layers and on the other hand for goods packaging to be stacked, - elements for forming at least one layer of the goods packaging. elements to be laid in layers on each transport pallet, - elements for forming at least one stack of the goods packages to be stacked on each transport pallet, and - elements for joining the aforesaid, at least one layer and at least one stack on the same transport pallet.

By means of this invention, the system can be used flexibly, since thus at the same time only layers or stacks can be formed on the transport pallet. The invention will be further illustrated in the following description with reference to the exemplary embodiment according to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 schematically shows the whole of the device, by which the method according to the invention is used, schematically the device elements of the goods packages, through which at least one layer and at least one stack on each transport pallet is formed, a sectional view according to the line AA in figure 2, perspective views of some transport pallets with Goods Packages, formed by the method and by the device according to the invention and various possibilities to form at least one layer and at least one stack on a standard pallet.

The device in Figure 1 operates when using the method as follows: The transport pallets coming in the automatic collection device with packages containing the same goods are emptied by automatic and / or semi-automatic pallet emptying devices.

The pallet emptying device 1 is intended for goods packaging to be laid in layers and the pallet emptying device 2 for goods packaging to be stacked.

In addition, there may be an independent opportunity to empty the pallet manually, possibly by means of aids, which facilitate the work.

The product packages in the central warehouse's product range, which due to their collection quantities or due to their handling cannot be subordinated to the procedure, are handled in a separate area for manual collection, where they can be transferred to the transport pallet, which is delivered to the customer.

The automatic pallet emptying does not really belong to this invention -i ...._- ___ .. .r .., .., _., _ I .., ..._..._. M-vm-f. Fi. Fs , en _., .. WN., and a person skilled in the art has the opportunity to construct this part of the device in many different ways within the framework of the latest findings of the technology.

The unloaded goods packages are stored on intermediate storage lanes 3, 4 by transhipment trolleys S and 6. The minimum batch, which is placed in the device, optimally amounts to a pallet with goods packages, which contain the same goods. The device comprises a computer system, which indicates the demand for each product through a terminal. To be responsible for delivery readiness, the length and number of the intermediate storage lanes, where certain goods containing product packaging are placed, are set up for the delivery quantity in accordance with pre-planned demand.

The intermediate storage of the goods on lanes 3 and 4 is divided according to the goods packaging analysis, so that firstly the goods belonging to a minimum batch are stored on lanes 3, which are intended for goods to be laid in layers. Secondly, the goods packages ordered in single or in several goods packages are stored on the intermediate storage tracks 4, which are intended for goods packages to be stacked.

At the ends of the intermediate storage tracks 3 and A, which lie opposite each other, there are collecting devices 7 for the intermediate storage tracks 3 and collecting devices 8 for the intermediate storage tracks 4. Between the intermediate storage tracks 3 and 4 are also collecting conveyor belts 9 and 10, via which are delivered from the intermediate storage lanes after ordering the goods packages to be loaded on a pallet-finishing device ll either by layering or stacking. Collection trolleys 7 and 8 carry out the collection in accordance with the collection instructions for individual orders, as specified by the computer system. The collection trolley 7 is optimally dimensioned for collecting the goods packages according to the ordering instructions so that the goods delivered individually or in some packages, in the number required by the order, can be picked up on the collection conveyor belt 9 by a transport movement thereof. This transport movement takes place past the unloading ends of the intermediate storage tracks. These goods to be stacked are delivered on the collection conveyor belt in the form of a row in such a way that the packages lie either individually or possibly in stacks of two or more packages of goods. The height of 'lee fi azz “aalitßëæ * teætf fl uz? .Å-rf-.Ja fi- ëzfxv fi ael fi; .fl ßft-šleø fl zn.'r: ßw ...- e_w .se, '., ...., ~ mm. w., rw ».frzv.» ~ "u.- ~ ;;" '. =., l se »- ~. i. »e '' ut say» mv .. wars. m. "sz;” wa- e .. av. m »~ ..._ * .u _ N _6_ the stacks are of course determined by the size of the vnru pre-bending as well as by the transport speed of the collection conveyor belt. Thus, the maintenance serves as a criterion. Correspondingly, with the collection trolley 8, the goods packages to be laid in layers on the collection conveyor belt 10 in the form of a series of either separately or according to the aforementioned criterion selected sub-stacks. There is an intermediate layer 14 for transport pallets The transport pallets end up on the pallet device from the pallet emptying devices 1, 2 via the conveyor belts 12, 13. The paver device 11, shown in Figures 2 and 3, comprises the following main parts. stap1ing's unit for compilation 17.

On the layer palletizing unit 15, the goods to be packed in layers come in the form of a row via the collection conveyor belt. In Figure 2, deviating from Figure 1, the conveyor belt 13 for empty transport pallets is shown below the belt 10. The collection conveyor belt 10 terminates at the layer palletizing unit 15 at a slide 18, which in the transverse direction of the collection conveyor belt 10 pushes the goods package through a formation layer. optionally used pivoting device 19 »into the layer palletizing unit, where rows are formed by the packages, which are pushed through a slide 20 into the layer palletizing unit 15 on a transport substrate 21. When a layer after row transport movements 15, which takes place stepwise, is formed on the transport substrate, it on a layer palletizer 22, where previously already a loading pallet (not shown) serving as a base was delivered between the storage of transport pallets. In this phase, one or more layers of the packages, which have substantially the same height, can be formed on the transport pallet, substantially corresponding to the external dimensions of the standard pallet.

After the phase in the layer palletizing unit 15, the transport pallet and at least one layer lying thereon is transported via an intermediate layer of laminated sheet metal. a »li '“ w + ~ i. «i-¿f fl iß'-f' liva i _7l trannportbnnd-25 below the snmmanstüllnxngsenheten 17.

D: the packages coming in the stacking unit 16 are divided into two groups in the embodiment according to Figure 2, i.e. from the collection conveyor belt 9 the goods are distributed on the one hand on the supply path 9a for individual packages and on the other hand on the supply path 9b for sub-stacks (at least one stack of two packages) so that from the aforementioned paths the packages are supplied to the stacking unit 16 on the sides opposite it. At the ends of the supply paths 9a and 9b is Slider Zb, 25, which acts in the transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the paths. The individual packages are transported from the web 9a by a possibly required pivoting device 26 on a stacker, 27, which can operate, for example, according to a bottom stacking principle, the already formed sub-stack being raised so much that the next lowest package of the stack finds plastic under the stack. .

This work will continue until the stack through the aforementioned lifting movements of the sub-stack is completed. At the end of the web 9b lies the pivoting device 28 possibly required for forming the stack as well as a stacker 27 corresponding to the stacker 27. from the stacks Z1 and 29 the finished stacks are introduced into the stacking unit 16 so that upon removal of a stack as well as from the stacker 27 also from the stacker 28 the opposite edges of the stacks on the center line K of the transport direction of the aforementioned stacks are smoothed as far as possible. Through a slide 31, the two aforementioned stacks are passed on a substrate 30. When a required number of the aforementioned stacking steps on the respective pallet have been performed, the stacks are transported through the substrate 30 into the stack palletizing unit 17, where the stacks are arranged on at least one layer on the transport pallet. In the aforementioned method, two stacking rows PR1 and PR2 are obtained, which are placed on both sides of the center line K. The finished transport pallet is removed through the conveyor belt 32. Figure 2 also shows a passageway 37 for manually palletizable packages, where they on the transportable pallet placements can be collected by hand. Figure 2 shows in broken lines an alternative set-up mode for the layer palletizing unit lö “a ~“ # fi weses fl wmeemewsmwMu_ .à -gi on the left side of the stacking unit ló.

In particular, Figure 3 shows the function of the stacking unit 16 and the assembly unit. Through a slide 33 the finished stacks are pushed against the counter slide 34 and the stacks are transferred to the top packaging layer by peeling off the substrate 30 under the stacks. (The transport substrate 21 operates in a corresponding manner in the layer palletizing unit 15). The transport pallet lies on a lifting table 35, which works according to the scissors principle and drops to the level of conveyor belt 32, when the transport pallet with the goods lying thereon is ready for the following phases, such as wrapping and / or binding.

Figure 4 shows four examples of transport pallets obtained by the method according to the invention. The examples ha and db are compilations achieved through layer palletizing and compilations by stack palletizing. In Example üa, a layer lies within each other of equal packages, and on this layer are six stacks of goods packages, which in each stack either completely or partially have the same height. As examples in particular show, the stacks are formed in such a way that the packages with the largest underside are placed at the bottom of the stack. This stacking order can be achieved by programming the collection device of the collecting conveyor belt 9 in such a way that it prefers the collecting order of each stack at the respective goods pallet, that in a row form on the collecting conveyor belt 9 the largest packages are always first in each stack. . Figure äb shows an example, which comprises three layers and on these lying six bars. The layers have in this case been formed by two different package sizes, which nevertheless have a substantially uniform height. Consequently, the stacks can be arranged on an even surface. Figure äb shows that the stack can at least comprise a package of goods according to the object of the invention. Figures Ae and üd show transport pallet variations, which only show stacks, which can be formed by the method in accordance with the invention, when the order requires it. Correspondingly, transport pallets can be formed, which only comprise layers. For all examples in Figure 4, it applies that the packaging can, if possible, be leveled so as to 'ßååb' 'wW - the packaging is as much as possible aligned with the exteriors In the degree of product packaging is appropriately divided). For this reason / 'É ”.ï. ~ Å: l§å§? Ä fi% * fèšêi fi iáïlèßssz-fk" fw' * Û "i 'Vivsizvsvw 3 I _9- mitLlinjen.K, that the side edges of the pre-parkings lie against the warning- ndrn By this action, which is carried out in the stacking unit Sat and in the assembly unit 17, the resulting transport pallet is as compact a unit as possible, while of course the individual size variations of the packages are also taken into account.

This sequence of events facilitates possible wrapping and / or bonding. As far as the layers are concerned, it is particularly obvious in Figure 4 that even when the total top of the packages does not correspond to the external dimensions of the standard pallet (1200 x 800), the leveling of the layer according to the procedure is carried out so that the dimensions of the standard pallet. This function is achieved by using stops 30 in Figure 2, whereby the slots 36 standing in front of the slide 20 can remain between the packages. If in this case several layers are formed on the transport pallet, by selecting the collection order and by different layer locations the slots can be ensured. The frictional forces acting on the top and bottom of the product packages hold them firmly between the top layer and the bars lying thereon, a cardboard disc or a friction-resistant plastic foil can be applied to the stability of the layers and the stacks lying thereon. Thus, the stability of the transport pallet is even more guaranteed.

Figure 5 shows some layer and stack shapes which can be applied to a standard transport pallet, taking into account the respective product package size. In Figure 5, the two vertical rows on the left-hand side show the construction alternatives of the layer, with which package sizes with a certain distance of variation can be adjusted. If the external dimensions of the underside of the product packaging are, for example, 550 x 380, the top layer variation can be used.

Correspondingly, the appropriate layer shape can be selected for each product packaging size, for example from the variations shown in the figures. The stated dimensions are the maximum external dimensions of each product packaging. According to the external dimensions of a standard pallet -10-, the same shape can of course contain packages with a similar size, when the collection order and the construction arrangement of the layer are appropriately programmed. What is important in this respect is only that the packages with different undersides have a substantially uniform height. In the two middle vertical rows there are different compositional variations, through which layers in particular can again be realized as a practical embodiment. Through combinations of different alternatives of the two left rows after the letters, the number can be reduced and some can be omitted from the goods, which are to be laid in layers.

This makes programming easier. The right vertical rows show stack variations, which can also be assembled on both sides of the center line K (eg row AV and row CU).

As one skilled in the art can see from this description, the intention of the invention is to be able to master a very complicated unit, where the number of variables is very high. Thus, this description must be interpreted in the light of this background and be considered as an exemplary Explanation only. As regards in particular the constructive details of the device, it must be established that a person skilled in the art, for example in the patent literature in this field, finds various alternatives in order to be able to realize the details of the construction of the device.

Due to this, they have not been treated further here.

Claims (1)

1. iaf-eu wm-aflæë-aßs = fïstav fi. ».. afi = .n. = æfø. ~ * - “> i..l <" âl. * i E, l%, - .. sša..l; e ..; 's ...' «w -..- i., A method for assembling a transport pallet load consisting of different goods packages or the like, characterized in that for forming at least one goods packaging layer, where at least the height dimensions of the packages are substantially uniform, and a goods packaging stack , where all the external dimensions of the product packaging may be different from each other, proceed as follows: ~ a stock-specific warning packaging analysis is carried out to divide packaging in the warehouse into two groups, namely packaging to be laid in layers and packaging to be stacked, - you choose the packaging of the goods to be laid in layers on at least one own product line (10), - you choose the product packaging to be stacked on at least one own product line (9, 9a, 9b), - you carry out the layering of the product packaging to be laid in layer by means of a layer palletizing unit (15) to at least one , substantially the size of the transport pallet corresponding to layers, - performing the stacking of the goods packages to be stacked into at least one stack by means of a stacking unit (16) and - said at least one goods packaging layer first and at least one goods packaging stack on the goods packaging layer / layers are assembled by means of a compilation to form a transport pallet comprising a variety of goods packages. i 2; A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one goods packaging layer to be placed on each transport pallet is first formed in a separate layer palletizing unit (15), from which a transport pallet provided with at least one goods packaging layer is inserted (at 23). in an assembly unit (17), and that the goods packages to be stacked are stacked at least in one stack, in a separate stacking unit (16), from which they are transported into the assembly unit (17) and placed on the aforementioned at least one goods packaging layer. 5. The process according to Patents 1 and 2, wherein the transport pallets are to be formed, comprises several stacks, known as L eoknntd ä r, a LL the stacks in the stacking unit (Sat) and / or in the assembly base (17) are evened out so that the stacks at least on the center line (K) of the pallet lie against each other. 4. A method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that goods packages are to be introduced into the stacking unit (16) to be stacked from two supply paths (9a, 9b), from which the goods packages are supplied by elements (2 & ~ 29). into the stacking unit from its two sides, whereby the center line (K) is formed between the vertical surfaces of two goods packaging stacks which are to be placed simultaneously in the stacking unit. From its two sides, and the said vertical surfaces are set against each other forms two rows, which will lie (on both sides of the center line (K). 5. A method according to claims lÉü, characterized in that on the supply paths; (9a, 9b) the product packages are in line form either as individual product packages or as sub-stacks, and that the goods stacks are formed by stackers (27, -29) arranged between the ends of the webs and the collecting unit. A method according to claims 1-5, characterized in The product according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the product packages lie on the supply web (10) in stack form as separate packages, and that they are arranged in the layer palletizing unit (15) in layer form. that - each transport pallet is supplied to the layer palletizing unit (15) from an intermediate storage (lá) where the transport pallets are transported from unloading stations (1, 2) for the transport pallets. 8. A device for assembling a transport pallet load comprising different goods packages 0 or the like, characterized in that it comprises the following: I -15 ~ ~ at least one goods bin (9, 10) on the other side of the packaging of goods which shell] and layered on the other side of the packaging to be unpacked, - elements (18, 21) to form at least one layer of the goods packaging to be layered on each transport pallet, - elements (l6, »24 ~ 31) In order to form at least one stack of the goods packages to be stacked on each transport pallet and - elements (lå, l7, 23, 53, šä), join the aforesaid, at least one layer and at least one stack on the same transport pallet. . 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that for the goods packages to be stacked, two supply paths (9a, 9b) are arranged, which are measured so that they supply the goods packages to those on the sides of the stacking - the unit ('6) lying the stacks (27, 29), from which the Finished stacks are placed in the stacking unit (16). 10. Device according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that both the layers and the stacks are formed on respective transport substrates (21, 30), from which each layer is transferred on the transport pallet or on the pre-formed layer and each stage. pile on the top layer of the transport pallet. ll. Device according to claims 8-10, characterized in that between the goods units (9a, 9b and 10) and the associated device unit (15, 16) are arranged suction devices (195 26 and 28), for turning the packages if necessary, before they are transported either into the layer palletizing unit (15) or into the stacking unit (16).