SE470404B - Methods of protecting organic materials such as oils, fats and polymeric materials from oxidation or other degradative action wherein fullerene or derivatives based thereon are added to the organic material - Google Patents

Description

15 20 25 30 35 470 404; INVENTION Organic materials such as oils, fats and polymeric materials, which are exposed to oxidation or other degrading effects from external factors such as heat or other radiation as well as electric or magnetic fields, are protected against degradation by an antidote in the form of antioxidants, voltage stabilizers, etc. are added to the material.

According to the invention, a greatly increased protection against degradation of organic materials is obtained by adding spherical or tubular carbon molecules, so-called fullerenes, or derivatives based on said carbon molecules to the organic material. The fullerene molecules are mixed according to the invention to a content of between 0.01 and 15% by weight, preferably to a content of between 0.1 and 7% by weight.

The added carbon molecules prevent the decomposition of the organic material by capturing and neutralizing free radicals as well as electrons which have, through the external influence, been added or formed in the organic material.

In one embodiment of the invention, said globular or tubular carbon molecules are incorporated into an organic material such as an oil, a fat or a polymeric material to counteract degradation associated with thermal, electrical, or magnetic stress or external influences due to light. or other radiation.

A polymeric material which has been protected against degradation; by mixing spherical and tubular carbon molecules according to the invention is of great value as an insulator in wide electrical installations by, in addition to the increased protection against degradation, by said carbon molecules capturing and handling free radicals and electrons, also a protection against degradation of the polymeric material to 10 15 20 25 30 35 4% 4% 3 due to electrical breakdown so-called glare. The glow resistance is obtained by exposing carbon molecules contained in the polymer material during glimmer, whereby due to their relatively polymeric material lower resistivity and thermal conductivity they spread the electrical and thermal load from the glow pulse over a larger area so that the glare is reduced in an effective manner. way and the damage is limited instead of growing.

In another embodiment of the invention, said globular or tubular carbon molecules are incorporated into a polymeric material and chemically bonded to the polymer. When said globular or tubular carbon molecules are incorporated and chemically bonded to a polymeric material, the protective carbon molecules are retained in the polymeric material and cannot migrate out of it. If this is limited to only one bond between the carbon molecule and a polymer chain, the carbon molecule will terminate the chain. When two carbon atoms contained in the carbon molecule bind to a polymer chain, the carbon molecule will bind into the polymer chain, instead the two carbon atoms bond to each polymer chain, the carbon molecule will bind the same these polymer chains.

If the carbon molecule is bound by a plurality of carbon atoms contained in the carbon molecule to a plurality of polymer chains, a crosslinking is achieved which, in addition to increasing the degradation resistance, binds the polymer molecules together in strong networks. These crosslinked networks change the polymeric material and above all its mechanical properties mainly in the form of an increase in the stiffness of the polymeric material.

EXAMPLE 1 Transformer oil Substantially spherical carbon molecules containing 60 carbon atoms, C50, were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:50 with an excess of dodecylamine and allowed to react with stirring and heat supply. The adduct thus obtained was separated from the reactants and mixed into a transformer oil to a content of 0.5% by weight.

A transformer oil according to this example has an increased resistance to oxidative degradation and degradation due to electrical load.

EXAMPLE 2 Insulating liquid C60 molecules were mixed to a content of 0.1% by weight in toluene, whereby an insulating liquid which exhibits increased resistance to oxidative degradation and degradation due to electrical load.

EXAMPLE 3 Lubricating grease An adduct was prepared in analogy to Example One from C50 molecules and dodecylamine and mixed to a content of 0.5% by weight in a lubricating grease consisting of mineral oil and a thickener in the form of a lithium soap.

A lubricating grease according to this example shows an increased resistance to oxidative degradation, especially at elevated temperature.

EXAMPLE 4 Crosslinked polyurethane.

C50 was reacted with a 10% bromine solution in carbon disulfide at room temperature with stirring, whereby C60Br3 formed and precipitated as crystals. The bromine filler was separated from the reactants and mixed with an excess of 1,2-1 ethanediol. This gave C60 (OCH2CH2OH) n where nS8. Remaining brake substituents were removed by heating to 150 ° C. The obtained C50 (OCH 2 CH 2 OH) n was mixed in castor oil to a content of 5% by weight. This mixture was reacted with a diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl isocyanate to give a crosslinked polyurethane having a fullerene content of 3.3% by weight.

A crosslinked polyurethane of this example has the fullerene molecules incorporated into the polymer chains whereby isocyanate groups from a plurality of diisocyanate molecules bind to the same fullerene molecule. This crosslink provides a very rigid polyurethane material.

EXAMPLE 5.

Insulating lacquer C50 molecules were mixed to a content of 5% by weight in an epoxy resin intended to be applied as an insulating layer as an electrical conductor.

An electrical insulation in the form of an insulating varnish according to the invention shows an increased resistance to oxidative degradation due to electrical load or other external factors.

EXAMPLE 6 Semiconductor polyethylene.

A powder consisting of C60 molecules was mixed with carbon black to a content of 6% by weight. The fullerene-containing carbon black mixture was mixed in 1 HD polyethylene, kneaded and rolled to a homogeneous mass with a composition of 3% by weight of fullerenes 47% by weight carbon black 50% by weight of HD polyethylene.

A semiconductor polymer material with a positive temperature coefficient prepared according to this example exhibits an increased resistance to degradation relative to conventional polymeric PTC materials.

EXAMPLE 7 Semiconductor copolymer.

A powder consisting of C50 molecules was mixed with carbon black to a content of 10% by weight. The fullerene-containing carbon black mixture was blended into a copolymer of LD-polyethylene, LD-PE, and ethylene butyl acrylate, EBA, kneaded and rolled into a homogeneous mass having a composition of 5% by weight fullerene 45% by weight carbon black 50% by weight of L .

A semiconducting copolymer prepared according to this example and incorporated as shielding in an insulating system around an electrical conductor exhibits an increased resistance to oxidative degradation due to electrical load or other external factors.

Claims (6)

10 15 20 25 30 35 470 404 PATENT REQUIREMENTS 1. l. Methods of protecting organic materials such as oils, fats and polymeric materials which are subjected to oxidation or other degrading effects due to the influence of external factors such as heat or other radiation as well as electric or magnetic fields whereby a degrading agent is added, characterized in that substantially spherical or tubular carbon molecules, so-called fullerenes, or derivatives based on said carbon molecules are added to the organic material. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said substantially spherical or tubular carbon molecules are mixed to a content of between 0.01 and 15% by weight in a v, an organic material to counteract degradation by oxidation or other degrading effect. 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that said substantially spherical or tubular carbon molecules a v are mixed in to a content of between 0.1 and 7% by weight. 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said substantially spherical or tubular carbon molecules are incorporated and chemically bonded to a polymeric material. 5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that said substantially spherical or tubular carbon molecules a v are incorporated in the polymeric material by incorporating two carbon atoms contained in the carbon molecule in a polymer chain included in the polymeric material. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said substantially spherical or tubular carbon molecules are incorporated into the polymeric material by linking a plurality of carbon atoms contained in the carbon molecule through a crosslinking reaction to a plurality of polymer chains to bond them together in a network. ., .n »mmm