RU82214U1 - CASSETTE PYROLYSIS INSTALLATION FOR COAL - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for pyrolysis, comprising a heated case with a cassette installed in it, inlet and outlet pipes, pipes for supplying activation gas, air, gas ducts, a heating device, characterized in that the case is cylindrical in the middle part and expanding end parts. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is thermally insulated. ! 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that air heating tubes are laid in the volume of thermal insulation of the housing. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet and outlet nozzles are made tangential. ! 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge is made of cylindrical shape and is installed coaxially to the housing. ! 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the inner cavity of the cartridge is installed at least one mesh wall designed to fix the material. ! 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device is a burner device. ! 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the burner device is made in the form of a block automatic burner.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of coal and can be used for the production of activated charcoal in cassette pyrolysis units with horizontal loading.

Currently, there are many options for performing pyrolysis furnaces for producing charcoal activated carbon.

So, from the description of the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 76016 (published on 09/10/2008, IPC: СВВ 31/08 (2006.01)), a plant for producing charcoal activated carbon is known, comprising a feed hopper with a screw feed unit, a horizontally arranged cylindrical first retort, a screw unit for unloading charcoal of non-activated carbon from the cavity of the first retort and moving it into the cavity of a horizontally arranged cylindrical second retort, a unit for unloading charcoal of activated carbon from the second retort, with a loading hopper with a screw with a forging loading unit, hermetically covers the first retort from the inlet end side mounted in the housing of the first furnace with the possibility of rotation from a separate drive, the wood inactive coal unloading screw unit is housed in a sealed casing covering the first retort from the outlet end side and the second retort from the end end side, mounted in the housing of the second furnace with the possibility of rotation from a separate drive, the screw assembly for unloading wood activated carbon is placed in a casing covering from the side the output end of the second retort, and the cavity of the sealed casing of the screw unit for unloading charcoal inactive coal is in communication with the cavity of the body of the first furnace, the cavity of the casing of the screw unit of unloading wood of activated carbon is in communication with the cavity of the body of the second fire chamber, and at the entrance to the second retort there is a device for cooling and moisturizing the wood non-activated carbon coming from the first retort, and the retorts are configured to tilt their longitudinal axes to move the product in the discharge direction.

In addition, from the description of Great Britain Patent No. 298546 (published 09.10.1928, IPC: СВВ 31/10), a device for producing activated carbon is known, including a rotating retort with a feeder, a heat exchanger, an opening for introducing activation gas, a cooling chamber, a storage chamber, exhauster, a device for cooling.

The disadvantages of the described devices are the design complexity, which leads to gas emissions and environmental pollution, uncontrolled production process (temperature, activation process, feed of raw materials, etc.), which causes low quality of the resulting product, large heat loss, pyrolysis at low temperatures.

The closest analogue to the patented solution is a device for producing charcoal and activated carbon, known from RF patent No. 2225836 (published on March 20, 2002, IPC: СВВ 31/08). The known device comprises a housing with a furnace, air supply channels, flues, a retort equipped with a steam line and an outlet pipe and installed in the chamber, the retort being made in the form of a horizontal parallelepiped and equipped with a pipe for supplying air.

The disadvantages of the known device are heat loss, the absence of the process of activating coal, the uneven heating of the cartridge due to the parallelepiped shape of the cartridge and an uncontrolled production process.

The technical result of the patented solution is to ensure a continuous process for producing coal, uniform heating of the entire cartridge containing raw materials, reduction of heat losses due to heating of the installation case, prevention of environmental pollution by combustion products, a fully controlled process for the production of activated carbon, obtaining low ash content of activated carbon, because . the liquid component is completely removed from the cartridge during pyrolysis, the ability to work at temperatures above 1000 ° C.

The claimed technical result is achieved through the use of a device for pyrolysis, which includes a heated case with a cassette installed in it, inlet and outlet pipes, pipes for supplying activation steam, air, flues, a heating device. According to the claimed solution, the housing is made cylindrical in the middle part and expanding end parts.

The execution of the body cylindrical in the middle part is necessary to increase the speed of the combustion products at the cassette wall and increase the heat transfer coefficient, and the expansion of the body at the ends is necessary to organize the effective supply and removal of combustion products.

In particular, the housing may be thermally insulated. At the same time, air heating tubes can be laid in the volume of thermal insulation of the housing.

This will protect the metal wall of the installation housing, reduce heat loss to the environment and prevent abrasive wear of the structure. In addition, air heating tubes reinforce thermal insulation and perceive part of its weight loads.

For ease of manufacture and reduce possible leashes during heating-cooling, the cartridge can be made cylindrical in shape and installed coaxially to the housing.

To improve the fixation of raw materials in the cassette and the output of the liquid component of pyrolysis to the empty part of the cassette, at least one mesh wall is installed in the inner cavity of the cassette.

The heating device may be a burner device, which, in particular, can be made in the form of a block automatic burner.

Next, the solution is explained with reference to figures 1-2.

Figure 1 - shows a General view of the patented installation and sections;

figure 2 - installation diagram.

The pyrolysis installation consists of a heat-insulating supporting body 1, a burner 2, and a smoke ejector 3. Raw materials subjected to pyrolysis are located in a cylindrical cassette 4. The cassette is cantilevered in the carriage 5 and installed coaxially to the casing 1. The cassette 4 is loaded and unloaded by longitudinal carriage movements on rails 6 (not shown completely). All installation elements are mounted on frame 7.

The housing 1 is cylindrical in the middle part with expanding end parts and is an ejector, respectively, with confuser and diffuser parts. As the tests showed, to accelerate the heat transfer processes, the diameter of the cassette body is desirable to choose no more than 300 mm.

On the outside and inside, the case is covered with a layer of thermal insulation. In the volume of thermal insulation laid air heating tubes 8. The inner part of the housing, covered

thermal insulation, forms the flow part of the installation. The inlet pipe (section A-A) and the outlet pipe (section B-B) are made tangentially arranged relative to the housing, taking into account the direction of rotation of the gas stream flowing through the installation. A burner device 2 is connected to the inlet pipe flange. A smoke ejector is connected to the outlet pipe flange 3. The installation casing is closed from the ends by covers 9 and 10. The cover 9 has an axial opening for loading the cartridge. For axial fixing of the cartridge during installation, a recess is made in the lid 10. On the side of the flow part of the lid are covered with thermal insulation.

In the above example, the cartridge is selected in a cylindrical shape.

The cassette consists of a housing 11, a removable cover 12 and a weld bottom 13. The cover is made with an mechanical seal and secured with hinged bolts. The removal of the pyrolysis products in gaseous form and the supply of steam for activation is carried out through the pipe 14. The mesh wall 15 fixes the position of the material in the cassette 4 and is installed in the input part of the cassette.

The burner device 2, in this example, is a block automatic burner. Automatic burner - a burner equipped with automatic devices: remote firing ignition, flame control, fuel and air pressure control, shut-off valves and controls, regulation and signaling. Block burner - a burner arranged with a fan in a single unit (see Burners of industrial furnaces and furnaces. Reference book / A.A. Vintovkin, M.G. Ladygichev, V.L. Gusovsky, etc. - M.: “Intermet Engineering ", 1999. - 560 p.).

In the operating position of the installation, the cartridge 4 is pushed into the flow part of the housing 1.

The raw materials for the production of activated carbon are solid organic substances: crushed wood (industrial waste), coal, brown coal and others. The loading of the raw material itself and its unloading after processing are performed outside the installation with the cartridge removed. The cassette allows not to stop the pyrolysis unit during loading and unloading of raw materials and to reduce heat loss due to heating of the unit body.

Air (ejection gas) is supplied from the fan through the nozzle (G-G section) and has a high total pressure, which is converted into kinetic energy due to the narrowing of the passage section in the middle part of the housing 1, a rarefaction region is formed in the housing section

(relative to the atmosphere), where the products of combustion of the flow part of the installation are fed. As a result, the available differential pressure increases between the cross section at the inlet and the cross section at the outlet of the installation, which is necessary to overcome the hydraulic resistance of the flow part of the installation. Without the use of the housing 1, made in the form of an ejector, for the operation of the installation would require a burner device that creates a large excess pressure in the inlet section. This led to the fact that in the entire volume of the flowing part, the static pressure of the combustion products would be higher than atmospheric pressure, which would lead to leakage of hot gases into the air of the working zone.

The case of the cartridge 4 isolates the processed material from the combustion products flowing in the installation and containing oxygen. After the start of pyrolysis, the volume of the cartridge 4 is filled with gaseous pyrolysis products (pyrolysis gas). Due to the constant evolution of gas, the volume of the cartridge is under some slight excess pressure, which is sufficient to remove gas by gravity through a pipe 14, which connects the cartridge 4 and the inlet pipe of the housing 1.

The burner device 2 creates a high-temperature torch of fuel combustion products. Secondary air is supplied from the fan, passes through the air heating tube 8, where its temperature rises, and is mixed with the torch of the burner device 2 (Fig. 1, section B-B).

Next, the heated air from the tubes 8 enters the swirl channels of the secondary air (section BB). Spin flow is a means of intensifying the mixing process. By swirling the secondary air, rapid dilution and cooling of the combustion products is achieved. The resulting mixture tangentially (section AA) is fed into the flow part of the installation housing. The supply of secondary air allows you to adjust the temperature in the installation in a wide range. Due to the heating of the secondary air, heat recovery is ensured and the fuel costs of the installation are reduced. A mixture of air and combustion products, passing along the flow part of the installation, washes a cartridge 4 containing the processed material. Due to the tightness of the cassette body, contact of air and combustion products with the material is excluded.

Due to the high temperature of the mixture and thermal radiation from the inner wall of the installation, the cartridge and the processed material are heated to the pyrolysis temperature (thermal decomposition). The gas generated during pyrolysis is discharged through the lid of the cartridge 4 and is fed into

burner 2, where it burns during mixing with the main fuel torch. The mixture of air and combustion products leaves the flow part through the outlet pipe (Fig. 1, section B-B) and is fed into the smoke ejector 3. To ensure the operation of the ejector 3, ejection air is supplied from the casing pipe (Fig. 1, section G-D) from fan. The use of smoke ejector 3 allows you to overcome the high hydraulic resistance of the flow part of the installation, as well as to regulate (due to changes in the flow rate of the ejection air) the vacuum level in the cross section of the burner device in various modes. After the end of the pyrolysis process, the cartridge 4 is removed due to the longitudinal movement of the carriage 5. The fixed end of the cartridge is released, and the cartridge is replaced with a new one containing raw raw materials. After which the process is repeated.

This installation allows you to get high-quality activated carbon, while the blanks stored in the cassette from raw materials retain their shape, the dimensions of which must be taken into account due to shrinkage during pyrolysis. The installation can provide any temperature 400-1100 ° C, necessary for the pyrolysis of the raw materials stored in the cassette. All emitted liquid and gaseous components during the pyrolysis of raw materials are burned in the burner 2, therefore, the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere is within the environmentally acceptable limits.

Claims (8)

1. A device for pyrolysis, comprising a heated case with a cassette installed in it, inlet and outlet pipes, pipes for supplying activation gas, air, gas ducts, a heating device, characterized in that the case is cylindrical in the middle part and expanding end parts. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is thermally insulated. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that air heating tubes are laid in the volume of thermal insulation of the housing. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet and outlet nozzles are made tangential. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge is made of cylindrical shape and is installed coaxially to the housing. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the inner cavity of the cartridge is installed at least one mesh wall designed to fix the material. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device is a burner device. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the burner device is made in the form of a block automatic burner.