RU82107U1 - FLOWER DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for diagnosing color sensation, comprising a computer, a sound card connected to the computer motherboard, a pulse generator, a frequency driver and a brightness controller, which are elements of the sound card, a remote controlled light source in a light mask, equipped with a cable connector and connected to the sound output boards, a light board in the form of a monitor, a storage device that is an element of a computer, a registration button in the form of a keyboard, characterized in that the pulse generator, ph the pulse reducer, the brightness control are elements of the computer motherboard, and the socket sources of light are connected directly to the stereo outputs of the motherboard and are two-color, with a source of one color connected to one output and a source of a different color to the second stereo output, between the light sources and Outputs include adjustable resistors to limit current. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the light sources and stereo outputs connected controlled current generators.

Description

The alleged invention for a utility model relates to the field of medical technology, namely to ophthalmology, and is intended to determine the degree of color perception disturbance based on indicators of the critical flicker fusion frequency — CFCM.

The device is designed to diagnose normal and abnormal trichromasia, dysfunction in two forms (protonopia and deuteronopia) and to detect monochromatism when only one type of receiver is functioning and color discrimination is completely absent. Using the device, it is easy to conduct studies during medical examination at the primary selection commissions of professional suitability: for work in transport, in the subway, in railway transport, in aviation, etc. The device can be used in eye offices and clinics for an indicative assessment of the activity of red and green receptors, for the study of visual disorders. The device allows to differentiate normal trichromats from dichromats and abnormal trichromats.

The ability of color perception is due to the presence of different types of cones in the human retina containing various photosensitive pigments and differing in spectral sensitivity. Normally, there are three types of cones and rods in the retina. The latter do not significantly affect color vision. Cones, according to their pigments, are called short-wave (S), medium-wave (M) and long-wave (L).

Violation of color perception, expressed in the inability to distinguish from each other radiation, distinguishable by a person with normal color vision.

Congenital color perception disorders are associated with the genetic apparatus and are inherited accordingly. At the receptor level, congenital disorders are caused by the complete absence of one of the three types of retinal cones or a deviation of their spectral sensitivity from normal. Accordingly, three forms of dichromasia are distinguished, i.e. the presence of only two types of cones instead of three: (a) protanopia, when there are no long-wave cones (red), (b) deuteranopia, when there are no medium-wave cones (green), (c) tritanopia, when there are no short-wave cones (blue). Since the genes of the long-wave and medium-wave pigments are localized in the sex chromosome, the first two forms are sex-related and occur in approximately 1% of men. Tritanopia

not associated with sex and is extremely rare. Similarly, deviations of the spectral sensitivity curves of one of the cone types from the norm give three forms of abnormal trichromasia: protanomaly, deuteromania, and tritanomaly.

Abnormal trichromasia are more common than dichromosia. The first two forms of anomalies are also associated with gender and in total are found in 6% of men.

Identification of congenital disorders of color vision is carried out using polychromatic tables or devices for studying color vision of anomaloscopes. Often they are not comparable with the above classification of congenital anomalies. In particular, the accepted division of protanomalies and deuteranomalies into types A, B and C is determined by the number of readable pseudoisochromatic tables (for example, from the Rabkin atlas), which is difficult to relate to the above classification.

Another method for diagnosing color vision disorders is based on measurements of the photopic “visibility” curve. It is measured either by the laborious method of heterochromic comparisons, when the subject is asked to subjectively adjust the brightness of two adjacent surfaces with different color tones, or by the method of flickering photometry, when two compared radiation is applied to the patient’s eyes alternately with a lower frequency of stimulus radiation than CSCM. The criterion for the equality of their brightness is the absence of flicker.

It is known that in order to balance subjectively the green and red radiations, protanopes (people with a reduced perception of red radiation) require a higher intensity of red radiation than green, and deuteranopes (people with a reduced perception of green radiation) require a higher intensity of green radiation compared to red

Normally, the “visibility” curve is determined by the operation of long-wave and medium-wave cones and has the form of an average spectral sensitivity curve of these cones. The deviation of the "visibility" curve from the norm can serve as an indicator of violations in the properties of long-wave and medium-wave cones.

The absence of long-wave cones (protanopia) shifts the curve to the short-wave side, and it coincides with the spectral sensitivity curve of medium-wave cones. The absence of medium-wave cones (deuteronomy) leads to a shift in the visibility curve to the long-wave part of the spectrum. A deviation in the spectral sensitivity of one of the cone types (protonapia and or deuteranomaly) also leads to shifts in the visibility curve, but to a lesser extent. Since the considered spectral sensitivity curves are fairly standard, there is no need to take the entire curve for diagnostic purposes.

The magnitude of the shift can be estimated by the ratio of sensitivity in the long-wave and short-wave regions of the curve.

In the proposed device to determine the equality of the brightness of the radiation, the idea of a “flickering photometer” was used - red and green radiation are presented on the test field alternately with a frequency several Hz below the critical flicker fusion frequency — CFCM. Flickering becomes hardly noticeable at a certain intermediate ratio of the intensities of red and green radiation, which corresponds to the equality of the subjective brightnesses of these radiations. That is, with the equal participation of red and green radiation, a flicker fusion occurs. There is a so-called point of "silence" at which flicker is indistinguishable. The shift of the "visibility" curve along the spectral axis relative to the norm indicates which type the patient belongs to. In order to subjectively equalize the brightness of radiation, deuteranopes require a higher intensity of green radiation, and protanopes - a red radiation.

A portable device for research with an autonomous power source is known, to which a pulse generator is connected, connected with a frequency driver; connected to the output is a controlled light source located on the same housing with a light board and registration button (see the application of Germany No. 3831947, class AB 3/16, 1990). This device does not ensure the accuracy of the research results due to the presence of distractions in the field of view.

A device for diagnosing color vision disorders, comprising a generator, a counting trigger, an adjustable current amplifier, a two-color LED and a dimmer (see USSR author's certificate 1690665 class A61B 3/06, 1991. Bull. No. 42). This unit operates at a standard frequency of 30 Hz, which

significantly lower than the critical frequency of flicker fusion - KCHSM. It is known that CFSM in healthy people averages from 45 to 55 Hz for green light and 42-47 Hz for red light, with age these indicators decrease. At the same time, it is known that these indicators depend on visual and general fatigue. Therefore, at a standard frequency, it is difficult to determine the degree of color perception, since in patients with high CFSM flickering is noted along the entire “visibility” curve, and in people with low CFCS, flickering is absent on the whole scale. The disadvantage of this device is the lack of the possibility of studying CFSM.

A device for the diagnosis of disorders of color perception (see, for example: certificate for utility model No. 6684, class A61B 3/06, authors: Golubtsov K.V., Maksimov V.V. et al.). The disadvantage of this device is the lack of the ability to automatically select the frequency of stimulation, as well as the complexity and significant cost of this device and the duration of the study.

The closest prototype is a device for removing visual fatigue of a computer operator (see. "Device for removing visual fatigue of a computer operator", utility model certificate No. 11059, class A61F 9/06, authors: Golubtsov K.V., Aydu E. A. and others). The device consists of a computer, a light board in the form of a monitor, a storage device, a pulse generator, a pulse shaper, which are elements of a sound card connected to a computer motherboard, an external light source in a light-shielding mask connected by a cable and connected to the output of the sound card. The disadvantages of this device is the presence of an additional sound card connected to a computer and the lack of the ability to investigate violations of color perception.

The proposed device contains a personal computer (1), a controlled two-color light source mounted in the socket (2), connected by a cable (3) and connectors (4), designed to connect the red and green color of the light sources to the two stereo outputs of the actual computer motherboard ( 5), moreover, the pulse generator (6) and the frequency driver (7) are elements of a stereo sound card of a personal computer, for displaying the measurement results of the critical flicker fusion frequency - CSCM color vision diagnosis is a monitor (8), the control frequency of the light pulses, and control brightness of green and red light sources

carried out by keyboard (9) or mouse (10). Figure 1 presents the block diagram of the device.

The research procedure is as follows: first, the patient determines the critical frequency of flicker fusion (CSFM) on red and green stimuli. The average values of CFSM are recorded in the memory of a personal computer, and based on the data obtained, the stimulation frequency is automatically selected for the study of color perception. Then the patient is asked by the ratio of the brightness of one color to another color to determine when he fixes the absence of flicker. If the patient needs a high brightness of red light in relation to green, so that flicker stops, it can be attributed to protonopes,

If the patient requires a high brightness of green light, in relation to red light, the patient can be attributed to deuteranopes

The degree of violation of color perception is reflected in the form of a graph of the ratio of the brightness of red and green radiation on the monitor screen.

Claims (2)

1. A device for diagnosing color sensation, comprising a computer, a sound card connected to the computer motherboard, a pulse generator, a frequency driver and a brightness controller, which are elements of the sound card, a remote controlled light source in a light mask, equipped with a cable connector and connected to the sound output boards, a light board in the form of a monitor, a storage device that is an element of a computer, a registration button in the form of a keyboard, characterized in that the pulse generator, ph the pulse reducer, the brightness control are elements of the computer motherboard, and the socket sources of light are connected directly to the stereo outputs of the motherboard and are two-color, with a source of one color connected to one output and a source of a different color to the second stereo output, between the light sources and Outputs include adjustable resistors to limit current. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the light sources and stereo outputs connected controlled current generators.