RU70272U1 - KIT OF BRICKS OR BLOCKS - Google Patents

Abstract

Declares a set of bricks or blocks related to structural building elements, allowing for non-mortar masonry walls. The kit contains bricks or blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped and contains vertical through holes for interfacing with fasteners. It differs from the known ones in that one of the bricks or blocks, the main one, has six through holes, and the second, intermediate, sixteen through holes located in a certain order. The holes of the main brick or block are made with chamfers and are arranged in pairs at an equal distance from the center of the longitudinal axis of the brick or block and with the offset of the central pair from the center of the transverse axis to the side wall. The connection of bricks or blocks is carried out by fasteners, which are rods or pins, or pins with a length equal to the height of three bricks or blocks, with retaining rings. Bricks can be made reinforced. Fasteners can be made with a protective coating of polymeric materials. The snap rings may be conical or cylindrical in shape. The kit provides increased strength and seismic resistance of the constructed low-rise and high-rise buildings, as well as an increase in the life of the buildings. 3 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to construction, in particular to constructive building elements, allowing for non-solution masonry of walls, providing strength and seismic stability of buildings and structures.

Known sets of bricks of two or three touching parallelepipeds, as well as individual blocks or lock bricks with through voids, containing grooves and protrusions or curved surfaces (RF patent for the invention No. 2140499 of 02/03/98, application for the grant of a RF patent for the invention No. 2005127860 dated 03/28/03, etc.) designed for erecting walls by dry masonry without mortar.

An invention is known under the name "Wall", in which a wall is constructed from hollow blocks on fixing inserts without mortar. The blocks contain vertical through holes in the middle, made cone-shaped, between which are placed cone-shaped on both sides of the liners (description of the invention to ed. St. USSR No. 1472605 from 07.24.86). The disadvantages of the blocks include the fact that the cone-shaped liners, firstly, do not provide rigid fixation of the blocks between each other, since the blocks are mounted on top of each other by inserts inserted into the holes of the blocks, and secondly, the liners are made in the form of truncated cones of different diameters from opposite sides, and the blocks have cone holes with alternating on the bed surfaces of larger and smaller diameters of the cones, which requires time for orientation when laying the blocks on different diameters of the liners, which slows down t and complicates the production of the work. The disadvantages of the analogue include the fact that the double-sided conical insert has cones of different diameters, as well as conical openings in the blocks, which requires attention stress when laying the wall. The liners do not create a rigid wall of the blocks, which does not provide seismic stability of the erected structure.

Closest to the claimed is the building block according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2107134 from 09/30/96, the building block is made in the form of a polyhedron with a through threaded hole, paired with a mounting

element and located in the center of the lower and upper faces. The fastening element is made in the form of a stud made of metal, plastic, composite materials with a length equal to the height of the cube, with the possibility of screwing it in using a hand-held power tool. However, this unit is large-sized, which does not provide sufficient strength and seismic resistance of buildings, is applicable only in the prefabricated housing industry for the construction of multi-storey buildings and is inapplicable for use in the construction of low-rise buildings and structures. In addition, the use of hand-held power tools complicates the technology of walling, and the presence of one fastener also does not provide sufficient strength and seismic resistance of buildings.

The inventive set of bricks, like the known ones, is bricks or blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped made with vertical through holes for interfacing with fasteners.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the strength and seismic resistance of the constructed low-rise and high-rise buildings, as well as increase the life of the buildings.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that one of the bricks or blocks, the main one, has six through holes, and the second, intermediate, sixteen through holes located in a certain order. The holes of the main brick or block are made with chamfers and are arranged in pairs at an equal distance from the center of the longitudinal axis of the brick or block and with the offset of the central pair from the center of the transverse axis to the side wall. The connection of bricks or blocks is carried out by fasteners, which are rods or pins, or pins with a length equal to the height of three bricks, with retaining rings. Bricks can be made reinforced. Fasteners can be made with a protective coating of polymeric materials. The snap rings may be conical or cylindrical in shape.

This design of a set of two bricks or blocks connected by fasteners provides increased strength and earthquake resistance for both low-rise and high-rise buildings under construction.

due to the rigid connection of each brick with the other bricks that make up the building, not one, but several bonds, in one piece, while the fasteners act not only as a connecting element, but also as a hook. This prevents the displacement of bricks in the masonry during soil vibrations, prevents the appearance of cracks, and dampens vibrations. With small fluctuations, the pressure will be evenly distributed around the entire perimeter of the building and extinguished, and with large fluctuations, the building will move along with the soil, while maintaining its strength. In addition, it is this arrangement of holes that makes it easy to erect walls of various types and obtain wall structures for various purposes, combining different methods of laying bricks in the joints and ceilings of the walls. Compared with conventional mortar bricks, this kit is environmentally friendly, it allows you to build buildings without cement mortar, due to which the buildings are destroyed due to soil vibrations and explosions, since the entire load falls on the joints and joints of bricks or blocks.

Reinforcing bricks or blocks increases the cost of their manufacture, but increases the strength and seismic resistance of constructed buildings and structures, especially multi-story ones, by an order of magnitude.

The implementation of fasteners with a protective coating of polymer materials prevents their corrosion, which increases the life of buildings.

The inventive model is illustrated using the drawings, where Fig. 1 is a top view of a main brick or block with fasteners, Fig. 2 is a top view of an intermediate brick or block, Fig. 3 is a general view of a fastener with retaining rings, in Fig. .4 - a general view of the junction of the main and intermediate bricks or blocks, Fig. 5 is a fragment of the masonry of a window or doorway.

A set of bricks or blocks consists of two bricks or blocks - the main 1 (see figure 1) and the intermediate 2 (see figure 2), connected during the construction of the walls by fasteners 3, while one fastener 3 connects one main 1 and two intermediate 2 bricks or blocks. Both bricks or blocks are made of standard sizes, for example, 170 × 370 × 100 mm or 300 × 600 × 200 mm, or other sizes. A set of bricks can be made of both red brick and silicate. A set of blocks can also be

made of various materials. The main brick or block 1 has six through holes 4 made with chamfers 5 and arranged in pairs at an equal distance from the center of the longitudinal axis of the brick and with the offset of the central pair 6 from the center of the transverse axis to the side wall by a distance. The optimal displacement for a brick is a = 35 mm, but it can be different, for a block, respectively, the distance a is greater than for a brick. The diameter of the holes 4 is 1.5-2.5 times larger than the diameter of the fastening elements 3 used to connect the bricks 1 and 2.

The intermediate brick or block 2 has 16 through holes 7 arranged in such a way that it is possible to use different types of laying in combination with the main brick 1. This arrangement of holes was determined by the author experimentally and allows for the construction of buildings to use various types of joints and joints, using only two sizes of bricks. The diameter of the holes 7 is also 1.5-2.5 times larger than the diameter of the fasteners 3 used for connecting the bricks 1 and 2.

The fastening element 3 (see figure 3) can be made in the form of a rod, pin or pin with a length equal to the height of three bricks. The optimal diameter of the elements 3 used for fixing bricks is 7-10 mm, but rods and other diameters can be used. To connect the blocks, the diameter of the fasteners 3 is selected larger than the above, and depends on the size of the blocks. The circlip 8 serves to fix the fastener 3 in the chamfer 5 of the main brick 1, providing the necessary depth of entry of the element 3 into the link of a set of bricks or blocks. The retaining ring can be made as a cylindrical shape 8, and conical shape 9. The implementation of the fasteners 3 with a protective coating increases their moisture resistance, prevents their corrosion and thereby increases the strength of the building during long-term operation. Each fastener 3 connects three bricks at the same time. Moreover, the connection can be made both through all six holes 4 of the main brick 1, and in three to four of them in various configurations. Elements 3 strengthen the joints of bricks 1, 2 and under dynamic loads do not allow them to fall out. In addition, the elements 3, working as fasteners and as hooks, provide seismic stability and damping due to their flexibility and

strength, and also due to their use as a shoulder of a kind of lever, the second, the big shoulder of which is the length of a link of three bricks or blocks: one main 1 and two intermediate 2. Walls built with this kit can withstand pressure as outside ( hurricane, blast wave, etc.), as well as from the inside (domestic gas explosion, etc.).

Bricks or blocks 1 and 2 can be made reinforced. Figure 2 shows an example of the implementation of the reinforcement of the intermediate brick 2, where 10 are reinforcing elements. The location of the reinforcing elements 10 may be different. The material of the reinforcing elements 10 may be different.

Figure 4 presents a General view of one of the types of compounds of the main 1 and intermediate 2 bricks or blocks. Fasteners 3 are inserted into the main brick or block 1 until the retainer rings 8 (or 9) are locked and locked in the chamfers 5 of the holes 4. The fasteners 3 are inserted into the holes 7 of the intermediate brick 2. Then the holes of the next intermediate brick are put on the fasteners 3 (on the drawing is not shown), and thus the construction of the walls of buildings and their joints is carried out.

Figure 5 shows an example of a masonry fragment of a window or doorway in which the window slab 11 is made of metal or of brick or block material with holes 12 made in the same manner as in the intermediate brick 2. In the same way, the overlap ( not shown in the drawings), performing the function of both overlapping, and additionally the function of a jumper that rigidly fixes two or three walls.

The manufacture of bricks is carried out in any usual way using special molds and presses. The design of the bricks meets the requirements of unification and allows the use of existing domestic and imported equipment.

The inventive set of bricks or blocks is simple to manufacture, provides increased strength and seismic resistance of the constructed low-rise and high-rise buildings, as well as an increase in the life of the buildings.

Claims (4)

1. A set of bricks or blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped and contains vertical through holes for interfacing with fasteners, characterized in that one of the bricks or blocks, the main one, has six through holes, and the second, intermediate, sixteen through holes, arranged in a certain order, the holes of the main brick or block are made with chamfers and are arranged in pairs at an equal distance from the center of the longitudinal axis of the brick or block and with the offset of the central pair from tra axis transverse to the side wall, wherein the compound of bricks or blocks carried fastening elements are rods or pins, or pins of length equal to the height of three bricks or blocks, with the retaining rings. 2. A set of bricks or blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks or blocks are made reinforced. 3. A set of bricks or blocks according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fasteners are made with a protective coating of polymeric materials. 4. A set of bricks or blocks according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the retaining rings are made of conical or cylindrical shape.