RU70739U1 - COWLER FOR DIFFERENT FOCAL APPLICATIONS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for metered application of fertilizers. Promising is a multilayer focal fertilizer application. With this method, fertilizers do not mix with the soil, in a smaller amount pass into a sparingly soluble state and are more fully absorbed by plants. Multilayer local fertilizer application provides an intensive supply of nutrients from fertilizers during the whole vegetation of plants, which leads to a noticeable increase in the effectiveness of this technique not only before spreading, but also before local fertilizer application before sowing in one layer. A coulter for focal two-layer application of mineral fertilizers is proposed, including a stand, a slotting machine, two shields with a separator plate, a fertilizer hopper, a kinematic transmission, a "fixed" disk, a sleeve, a movable disk, and a control mechanism. Fertilizers are located in the form of foci, which are two portions located one below the other at different levels in depth.

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Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for metered application of fertilizers.

A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil is known, including a frame with running wheels on which a metering device in the form of a drum is freely mounted on an axis. Holes are made in the rim of the drum with pivotally mounted spring-loaded buckets-dumpers having stops. A disk with a bracket and a roller is mounted on the drum axis, interacting with the stops of the dumping buckets [SU 1014496 A, 3 A01C 7/14, A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. Tool for applying bulk materials to the soil]. The proposed device does not provide for regulation of the seeding rate of the introduced material, in addition, it is difficult to manufacture.

Known fertilizer apparatus comprising a housing, a hopper, a lid, a bottom supported by a pin, a seed element in the form of a disk with horizontal pins. The sowing disk is mounted on the shaft with a pin and is installed between two rotatable cams, cups, kinematically connected to the lever. To prevent the rash of fat, a visor is installed. The working surface of the cam-cups is made on a logarithmic spiral. When the metering element rotates, the pins through the locking channel enter the hopper cavity in its lower part, penetrate the seed, carry it through the tapering seed channel through the exhaust channel. The rate of seeding of the tuks can be controlled by changing the area of the passage section of the exhaust window, turning the cams with the lever and changing the speed of the sowing element [SU 1510749 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, A01C 15/16, 01/22/1988. Fertilizer sowing apparatus]. Disadvantage of this

device is that the seed is applied in the form of a continuous ribbon, and not in the form of foci.

Known fertilizer apparatus, consisting of a hopper, sowing window, shutter, rotor with blades, washers, a truncated passive drum with an axis mounted in the cavity of the rotor. A rotor with a passive drum is placed in the housing. In advance, by moving the shutter, the working volume of the coil (rotor with blades and washers) is regulated, fertilizer from the hopper enters the rotor and fills the volume formed by the blades, washers, the outer surface of the drum, and the cylindrical wall of the housing. Since a minimum gap is left between the rotor and the drum surface, as well as between the rotor and the housing, self-pouring out of the material is prevented and a metered portion of the material is transported to the sowing window. Washers mounted across the blades at a certain distance from each other allow irrespective of the size of the opening of the shutter window to limit the fertilizer filling area along the rotor grip width and to ensure a given seeding rate. [SU 1496670 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, 05/08/1987. Fertilizer sowing apparatus]. However, this device does not provide focal seeding of fertilizers.

A device for applying fertilizer to the soil is known, in which the working body for applying fertilizer to the soil is made in the form of a flat disk with trapezoidal teeth. The disk is equipped with direct fertilizer transporting trays, directed against the direction of rotation of the disk, and the reflectors of the tuks at the place where the particles from the trays. Tukotransporting trays are installed at an angle of no more than 90 ° to the radial direction in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation, and in cross section have a groove-like shape of a truncated circular ring. The gutter-shaped side is turned in the opposite direction of rotation. Reflectors are flat and mounted on the disk with the possibility of angular movement. The acquisition of absolute speed by the tuks during the technological process allows them to gain a foothold in the soil for the disk organ,

thereby creating a continuous vertical screen of fertilizers [RU 2204231 C2, 7 A01C 7/06, A01B 49/06, 03/13/2001. Fertilizer Spreader]. The device in question does not allow you to adjust the fertilizer application rate, moreover, the fertilizer is applied with a continuous tape, which leads to an excessive consumption of the introduced material.

More promising is a multi-layer focal fertilizer application. It provides an intensive supply of nutrients from fertilizers during the entire vegetation of plants, which leads to a noticeable increase in the effectiveness of this technique not only before spreading, but also before local fertilizing in one layer.

Fertilizers must be placed in the form of foci oriented relative to the seeds of row crops and representing two or more portions located one below the other at different levels in depth.

To accomplish this task, a coulter (see figure 1, 2) is developed, the main element of which is a dispenser consisting of a "fixed" (see figure 3) and a movable (see figure 4) discs with structural elements that create adjustable cells for servings of fertilizers.

The fertilizer cell is made in the form of a prism, the volume of which depends on the position of the L-shaped plate fixed on the movable disk, relative to the Z-shaped plate located on the "fixed" disk. This position is changed when the movable disk is rotated relative to the axis of the "fixed" disk by a certain angle. Thus, regulating the volume of the cell, you can change the dose of mineral fertilizers.

The coulter includes a slotting device 1, mounted on the rack 2 with a screw 3, two panels 4 are attached to the slotting device 1, a sleeve 6 is connected between the shields on the axis 5 attached to the rack 2, connected to the kinematic transmission. With the sleeve 6 is rigidly connected to a "fixed" disk 7.

The movable disk 8 is mounted on the sleeve 6 with the possibility of rotation about the axis of the "fixed" disk 7. The disks 7 and 8 are connected to the lower part of the fertilizer hopper 9. Z-shaped plates 10 are located around the circumference of the "fixed" disk 7. The outer part of the movable of the disk 8, L-shaped plates 11 are rigidly attached so that above the separator plate 12 assembled with Z-shaped plates 10 and with the planes of the disks 7 and 8, the walls of rectangular cells 13 for fertilizers are formed (see Figs. 1, 2) . The outer surface of the disks is covered by a casing 14, except for its upper and lower parts. The dose indicator 15 is located on the “fixed” disk 7, and the interval of doses of fertilizers is indicated on the window of the moving disk.

The kinematic transmission consists of a drive chain connected via a transmission to a drive wheel (not shown) and an asterisk 16, rigidly connected to the sleeve 6, on which the washer 17 and nut 18 are located.

The proposed opener works as follows. When moving in the soil, a slit former 1 makes a furrow in it. By means of shields 4 attached to the slot former 1, the soil is prevented from falling asleep. The drive wheel of the seeder (not shown) through the kinematic transmission and the sprocket 15 rotate the sleeve 6 mounted on the axis 5. The sleeve 6 transmits torque through the "fixed" disk 7 to the movable disk. When combining an empty cell 13 and a loading window in the upper part of the casing 14, a portion of mineral fertilizer from the hopper 9 enters the cell 13. Upon further rotation of the disk, the cell with fertilizers 13 coincides with the unloading window located in the lower part of the casing 14, and the fertilizers arrive on the plate- the separator 12 (see figure 2), where they are divided into two streams: the first comes off the separator plate and is fixed by the soil at the upper level, and the second enters the bottom of the furrow. During rotation, discs 7 and 8 provide dosing and fertilizing in the form of foci, which are portions located in two levels in one vertical plane.

The volume of the cells 13 is regulated by turning the L-shaped plates 11 relative to the plates of the Z-shaped form 10, having previously unscrewed the nut 18.

The proposed method of applying mineral fertilizers in the form of foci located on two levels will allow plants to use them throughout the entire growing season of the plants, which will increase the yield increase.

Information sources

1.SU 1014496 A, 3 A01C 7/14, 3 A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. A tool for applying bulk materials to the soil. A.I. Nuzhdov, N.I. Kornienko, V.I. Murrashenko.

2. SU 1510749 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, A01C 15/16, 01/22/1988. Fertilizer metering device. P.V.Sysolin, A.P. Muntyan, V.M. Khrolikov and V.I. Sham.

3. SU 1496670 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, 05/08/1987. Fertilizer metering device. A.Zh. Aghajanyan, S.V. Pogosbekyan, A.A. Tonikyan.

4. RU 2204231 C2, 7 A01C 7/06, A01B 49/06, 03/13/2001. A device for fertilizing the soil. R.N. Bulatov, H.S. Gainanov, E.N. Fattakhov.

Claims (1)

A coulter for a multi-level focal mineral fertilizer application, including a slot machine with two shields attached to it, having a separator plate, between which on the axis attached to the rack there is a sleeve connected to the kinematic transmission, on which a “fixed” and movable disks are mounted, and the disks connected to the lower part of the fertilizer hopper, and a casing covering the outer surface of the disks, except for their upper and lower parts, and the G-image is rigidly attached to the outer part of the movable disk plates, and Z-shaped plates are located around the circumference of the “fixed” disk, so that walls of rectangular cells for fertilizers are formed from L-shaped plates assembled with Z-shaped plates and with the planes of two disks, characterized in that a separator plate is installed under the unloading window for fertilizer exit, located along the direction of movement of the unit.