RU2824673C1 - Centrifugal disc grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing or grinding of various materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for grinding various materials and can be used in production of construction materials, as well as in other industries. Centrifugal disc grinder comprises cylindrical housing 1 with loading 2 and unloading 3 branch pipes, oppositely rotating upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 discs. Upper conical disk 4 rotates from loading branch pipe 2, and lower horizontal disk 5 rotates from lower shaft 6. On the lower surface of upper conical disc 4 and on the upper surface of lower horizontal disc 5, radial ribs 7 and 8, respectively, are rigidly fixed, for example by welding. Vertical gap between the lower surface of upper conical disc 4 and the upper surface of lower horizontal disc 5 uniformly decreases from their centre to periphery from (1.5...2)D_max to (0.5...1.0)D_max, where D_max is the maximum particle size of the crushed material. Height of radial ribs 7 and 8 of upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 discs decreases from centre to periphery from (0.5...1.0)D_max in proportion to reduction of vertical gap between surfaces of discs 4 and 5 with process gap between radial ribs 7 and 8. On upper surface of lower horizontal disc 5 with radial pitch exceeding D_max, between radial ribs 8, vertical concentric rings 9 are rigidly attached, for example, by welding. Height of vertical concentric rings 9 decreases from centre to periphery similarly to reduction of height of radial ribs 8 with vertical prismatic cutouts 10 from each radial rib 8 of lower horizontal disc 5 in the direction of its rotation with a width exceeding the corresponding height of radial rib 8. On side surfaces 11 and 12 of radial ribs 7 and 8 of upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 discs in the direction of their rotation, there are horizontal prismatic projections 13 and 14, respectively, with a cross-section in the form of a trapezoid with a smaller base outward, successively and uniformly arranged one after another along the height of radial ribs 7 and 8. Each vertical prismatic cutout 10 has an expansion in the direction of the periphery. If necessary, there is a possibility of raising the upper conical disc 4 due to spring support 15.

EFFECT: grinder ensures increased efficiency of the work process.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for crushing various materials and can be used in the production of building materials, as well as in other industries.

The design of a centrifugal disc grinder is known (Semikopenko I.A., Voronov V.P., Belyaev D.A., Manyakhin A.S. Determination of the power spent on grinding a particle between two conical surfaces // Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2018. No. 5. Pp. 78-81), containing a cylindrical body, inside which there are two upper and lower discs with a working surface rotating in opposite directions.

A design of a centrifugal impact mill is known (USSR Author's Certificate for Invention No. 671839, B02C13/14, published 07/05/1979, Bulletin No. 25), containing a stepped body, each subsequent stage in which, counting along the direction of movement of the material, is made of a larger diameter, a stepped rotor with beaters located horizontally in the body, a loading and unloading branch pipe.

The technical problem of known designs is the low efficiency of the grinding process and low fineness of grinding.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one, adopted as a prototype, is a centrifugal disc grinder (Patent of the Russian Federation for Utility Model No. 145376, B02 C 13/20, published on 20.09.2014, Bulletin No. 26), containing a cylindrical body with loading and unloading pipes, counter-rotating flat upper and lower discs with impact elements, the impact elements are made in the form of a spiral, which are directed in opposite directions on the upper and lower discs.

The following set of features of the prototype coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention: a cylindrical body with loading and unloading pipes and counter-rotating upper and lower disks.

However, the known device is characterized by low efficiency of the grinding process. This is due to insufficient loads on the material and the lack of selective action on the crushed particles of the material as they move from the center of the disks to the periphery.

The invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the grinding process due to increased loads on the material and selective action on the grinding particles of the material as they move from the center of the disks to the periphery.

This is achieved by the fact that the centrifugal disc crusher contains a cylindrical body with loading and unloading pipes, counter-rotating upper conical and lower horizontal discs. According to the proposed solution, radial ribs are rigidly fixed on the lower surface of the upper conical disc and on the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc. The vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disc and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc uniformly decreases from their center to the periphery from (1.5...2)D _max to (0.5...1.0)D _max , where D _max is the maximum particle size of the material being crushed. The height of the radial ribs of the upper conical and lower horizontal discs decreases from the center to the periphery from (0.5...1.0)D _max in proportion to the decrease in the vertical gap between the surfaces of the discs with the technological gap between the radial ribs. On the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk with a radial pitch exceeding D _max , vertical concentric rings are rigidly attached between the radial ribs, the height of which decreases from the center to the periphery similar to the decrease in the height of the radial ribs with vertical prismatic cutouts from each radial rib of the lower horizontal disk in the direction of its rotation with a width exceeding the corresponding height of the radial rib. On the side surfaces of the radial ribs of the upper conical and lower horizontal disks in the direction of their rotation, horizontal prismatic projections are made with a cross-section in the form of a trapezoid with a smaller base outward, sequentially and uniformly located one after another along the height of the radial ribs. Each vertical prismatic cutout has an extension in the direction of the periphery.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a centrifugal disc crusher; Fig. 2 is a section A-A in Fig. 1 (radial ribs of the lower horizontal disc); Fig. 3 is a section B-B in Fig. 1 (radial ribs of the upper conical disc); Fig. 4 is a view A in Fig. 2 (a vertical prismatic cutout); Fig. 5 is a section B-B in Fig. 3 (horizontal prismatic protrusions).

The centrifugal disc crusher comprises a cylindrical body 1 with a loading 2 and unloading 3 branch pipes, counter-rotating upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 discs. The upper conical disc 4 rotates from the loading branch pipe 2, and the lower horizontal disc 5 rotates from the lower shaft 6. On the lower surface of the upper conical disc 4 and on the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc 5, radial ribs 7 and 8, respectively, are rigidly fixed, for example by welding. The vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disc 4 and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc 5 uniformly decreases from their center to the periphery from (1.5...2)D _max to (0.5...1.0)D _max , where D _max is the maximum particle size of the material being crushed. The height of the radial ribs 7 and 8 of the upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks decreases from the center to the periphery from (0.5...1.0)D _max in proportion to the decrease in the vertical gap between the surfaces of disks 4 and 5 with the technological gap between the radial ribs 7 and 8. On the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 with a radial pitch exceeding D _max , vertical concentric rings 9 are rigidly attached, for example by welding, between the radial ribs 8. The height of the vertical concentric rings 9 decreases from the center to the periphery similarly to the decrease in the height of the radial ribs 8 with vertical prismatic cutouts 10 from each radial rib 8 of the lower horizontal disk 5 in the direction of its rotation with a width exceeding the corresponding height of the radial rib 8. On the side surfaces 11 and 12 of the radial ribs 7 and 8 of the upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks in the direction of their rotation, horizontal prismatic projections, respectively, 13 and 14, with a cross-section in the form of a trapezoid with a smaller base outward, successively and evenly located one after another along the height of the radial ribs 7 and 8. Each vertical prismatic cutout 10 has an expansion in the direction of the periphery. If necessary, it is possible to raise the upper conical disk 4 due to the spring support 15.

The centrifugal disc crusher operates as follows. The crushed material, for example limestone with a moisture content of up to 1%, enters the loading branch pipe 2, then into the working volume between the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 and the lower surface of the upper conical disk 4, rotating in opposite directions, respectively, from the lower shaft 6 and the loading branch pipe 2. The material particles are directed to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5, then, under the action of centrifugal force, are directed to the radial ribs 7 and 8 of the upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks. The particles are captured by the side surface 12 of the radial ribs 8 with horizontal prismatic protrusions 14 of the lower horizontal disk 5 and move along it from the center in the direction of the vertical concentric ring 9 with vertical prismatic cutouts 10 located near the radial ribs 8. In this case, continuous destruction of particles of the corresponding sizes is carried out in the technological gap between the ends of the radial ribs 7 and 8. The destruction of particles is carried out by means of the impact on them from the horizontal prismatic projections 13 and 14 located on the side surfaces 11 and 12 of the radial ribs 7 and 8 rotating in opposite directions. As a result of using the prismatic projections 13 and 14, the area of impact on particles from the radial ribs 7 and 8 increases. Loads on particles are carried out by the surface of the horizontal prismatic projections 13 and 14 in different planes, which should increase the efficiency of particle destruction. Thus, when moving from the center of disks 4 and 5 in the direction of their periphery, the material is continuously crushed due to impact, crushing and abrasion. In this case, the particles are classified by size by means of vertical prismatic cuts 10. Particles that have not passed through the vertical prismatic cuts 10 in the direction of the periphery are crushed in front of them until the particle size allows them to move in this direction. The combination of particle crushing and classification is carried out in front of each vertical prismatic cutout 10. When the required size is reached, the material particles move in the direction of the periphery of the lower horizontal disk 5. The uncrushed pieces of material are unloaded by raising the upper conical disk 4 when the spring support 15 is compressed. The finished product is carried out by the air flow from the housing 1 through the unloading branch pipe 3. Since the particles decrease in size when moving from the center of disks 4 and 5 to their periphery, the vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disk 4 and the upper surface of the lower one decreases. horizontal disk 5, and also the height of the radial ribs 7 and 8 of the upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks. To prevent jamming of the material, the radial pitch between adjacent vertical concentric rings 9 exceeds D_maxTo prevent clogging with crushed material, each vertical prismatic cutout 10 has an extension in the direction of the periphery.

The proposed design of a centrifugal disc crusher allows for increased loads on the material and selective impact on the crushed particles of the material as they move from the center of the discs to the periphery. All of the above will increase the efficiency of the grinding process, thereby increasing the productivity of the finished class of crushed material.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal disc crusher comprising a cylindrical body with loading and unloading pipes, counter-rotating upper conical and lower horizontal discs, characterized in that radial ribs are rigidly fixed on the lower surface of the upper conical disc and on the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc, the vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disc and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc uniformly decreases from their center to the periphery from (1.5...2)D _max to (0.5...1.0)D _max , where D _max is the maximum particle size of the material being crushed, the height of the radial ribs of the upper conical and lower horizontal discs decreases from the center to the periphery from (0.5...1.0)D _max in proportion to the decrease in the vertical gap between the surfaces of the discs with a technological gap between the radial ribs, on the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc with a radial pitch exceeding D _max , vertical concentric rings are rigidly fixed between the radial ribs, the height of which decreases from the center to the periphery similarly to the decrease in the height radial ribs with vertical prismatic cutouts from each radial rib of the lower horizontal disk in the direction of its rotation with a width exceeding the corresponding height of the radial rib, on the side surfaces of the radial ribs of the upper conical and lower horizontal disks in the direction of their rotation, horizontal prismatic protrusions with a cross-section in the form of a trapezoid with a smaller base outward are made, sequentially and evenly located one after another along the height of the radial ribs, and each vertical prismatic cutout has an extension in the direction of the periphery.