RU2820041C1 - Integrated complex of onboard equipment of small-size unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering and can be used on small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Essence of the technical solution is as follows. Integrated complex of on-board equipment of small-size UAV contains interconnected via information exchange channels noise-immune receiver of space navigation systems, engine automatic control system, radio altimeter, onboard control system; general aircraft equipment, on-board intelligent search and guidance system consisting of a computing module and a surveillance camera, radio communication equipment consisting of a radio link protection module, command radio link of decimetre band, including modem of command radio link and antenna system, high-speed decimetre band radio link, including a high-speed radio link modem, power amplifier and antenna system, wherein the computing module is based on a neural processor based on an integrated circuit for the operation of neural network algorithms.

EFFECT: expansion of UAV functional capabilities.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aviation technology, namely to control systems for information and executive systems of on-board equipment, general aircraft equipment and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention can be used on small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles to increase the autonomy of use and implement their group interaction when solving tasks as intended.

An integrated complex of onboard equipment for a multifunctional aircraft is known from the prior art (patent RU No. 2488775, published on July 27, 2013, IPC GO 1C 23/00), in which the following are combined into an integrated complex of onboard equipment for a multifunctional aircraft:

- sighting and navigation complex of an integrated radio system;

- integrated optical-electronic system;

- integrated complex of communication means;

- radar system;

- electronic reconnaissance and electronic suppression system;

- set of state equipment identification and communication radio stations;

- information management system.

In this technical solution, the complex of on-board equipment and the information and control system, inclusive, functions only with constant interaction with the crew, which leads to the following disadvantages:

- lack of autonomy of operation (the need to involve the crew in control) leads to an increase in the load on the crew, which reduces the reliability and performance of the on-board equipment complex;

- the need to ensure comfortable work for the crew.

An intelligent technical vision system for an unmanned aerial vehicle is known for solving navigation problems, constructing a three-dimensional map of the surrounding space and obstacles and autonomous patrolling (patent RU 195749, published 02/05/2020, IPC V64C 13/10, D64C 19/02, G01C 23/00), consisting of an on-board computer based on a single-board computer with an expansion board based on a 32-bit controller, an inertial measuring unit that allows you to determine the position of an unmanned aerial vehicle in space and includes a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a barometer, an on-board video camera, an RGB-D camera, a flight controller, radio signal receiver, rotating laser range finder, stationary laser range finder, interfaces for connecting motion control devices, interfaces for connecting external sensors.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the low accuracy of determining coordinates (5% out of 100), which does not allow solving the guidance problem, as well as the lack of possibility of group interaction of similar unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as BILA).

The problem solved by the proposed invention is to implement an integrated complex of on-board equipment BILA, which provides a solution to the problem of autonomous use of both single small-sized UAVs and the group use of a group of similar UAVs.

The task is solved by organizing information interaction between the computers of the on-board control system and the on-board intelligent search and guidance system through information channels with the distribution of tasks to be solved for controlling the UAV between them.

The technical result to be achieved by the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of using small-sized UAVs by implementing modes of autonomous use of UAVs alone and in a group of similar aircraft, as well as to expand the functionality of the UAV.

The integrated complex of on-board equipment of a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle contains an interference-proof receiver of space navigation systems, an automatic engine control system, a radio altimeter, and an on-board control system interconnected via information exchange channels; general aircraft equipment, on-board intelligent search and guidance system, consisting of a computing module and a surveillance camera, radio communications equipment, consisting of a radio link protection module, a UHF command radio link, including a command radio link modem and an antenna system, a high-speed UHF radio link, including a modem high-speed radio link, power amplifier and antenna system. The computing module is made on the basis of a neural processor based on an integrated circuit for the operation of neural network algorithms and provides solutions to the problems of searching, detecting and targeting a ground target of a given type with making a decision to attack the target automatically or at the command of the operator of the ground control point. The on-board control system contains a magnetometer, gyroscopes-accelerometers and absolute and differential pressure sensors and provides controlled flight along a given route with the formation of commands to control the aircraft modes.

The given technical result is achieved due to the fact that the on-board intelligent search and guidance system (hereinafter referred to as BISPN) performs a comprehensive analysis of information coming from the surveillance camera, the on-board control system and through radio communication equipment from similar UAVs in group use.

Increasing the efficiency of using small-sized UAVs through the implementation of modes of autonomous use of UAVs individually and in a group of similar aircraft is achieved by the following solutions:

- implementation in BISPN of neural network search algorithms, recognition of observed ground targets, determination of the coordinates of detected targets using information from the on-board control system (hereinafter referred to as the BCS) about the coordinates and angular position of a small-sized UAV;

- implementation in the BISPN software of an algorithm that ensures the assignment of a priority target from an array of recognized targets due to the priorities of the types of targets assigned for search specified by the flight mission;

- implementation in the BISPN software of an algorithm that ensures a decision is made to hit a priority ground target based on the priorities of target types and rules of behavior (automatic attack, attack of the first detected target, or attack after passing the search zone is allowed or prohibited).

Expansion of the functionality of a small-sized UAV is achieved by the following solutions:

- implementation, using BISPN and radio communication equipment, of a unified information and target space for a group of similar UAVs;

- implementation in the BISPN software of the leading UAV of an algorithm for dynamically assigning search areas for each UAV of the group by assigning search zones for each UAV of the group and automatically generating a flight route in the search area for each UAV of the group;

- implementation in the BISPN software of an algorithm for dynamic target distribution of detected and recognized targets between UAVs of the group.

The integrated complex of on-board equipment of a small-sized UAV proposed by the invention performs:

a) generation of UAV movement control signals in the longitudinal, lateral, track channels, altitude and speed channels in automatic mode along the route specified by the flight mission due to the integration of a magnetometer, gyroscopes-accelerometers, absolute and differential pressure sensors into the BSU;

b) search, recognition and determination of the coordinates of ground targets specified by the flight mission in a given area through the use of a neural network installed in the computing module (hereinafter referred to as MB) of the BISPN, and information about the coordinates and angular position of the UAV, calculated in the BSU;

c) automatic or on command from the operator assignment of a target for destruction, which is ensured by an algorithm implemented in the BISPN software and providing automatic assignment of a priority target from an array of recognized targets due to the priorities of target types specified by the flight mission or received through radio communication equipment (hereinafter referred to as RSO) the target selection command of the operator of the ground control point (hereinafter referred to as the GCP), while ensuring the priority of the operator’s command;

d) automatic or upon command from the operator, making a decision to engage a target, including a reserve one, which is provided by an algorithm implemented in the BISPN software and ensures the formation of a decision based on the priorities of target types and rules of behavior (automatic attack is allowed or prohibited, attack of the first detected targets or attack after passing the search zone) and in the BSU or the command of the NPU operator received through the RSO, while ensuring the priority of the operator’s command;

e) automatic guidance of the UAV to ground stationary and moving targets, which is ensured by determining in the BISPN the angular deviations of the position of the ground target relative to the horizontal plane of the UAV fuselage, transferring them to the BSU to implement the guidance trajectory;

f) implementation of variable behavior of the UAV, which is carried out by including in the flight mission of the systems of the on-board equipment complex (hereinafter - OBE) behavior masks that enable and disable operating modes of the software at various stages of the UAV flight;

g) implementation of swarm interaction in the group, which is realized through information exchange by the OBE systems of each UAV of the group through radio communication equipment.

The present invention is illustrated by a drawing (Fig. 1), which shows a block diagram of an integrated complex of on-board equipment of a small unmanned aerial vehicle, where the following components are designated by positions:

BISPN (1) as part of a surveillance camera (2) and a computing module (3), providing an overview of the earth's surface, search and detection of ground targets of the type specified in the flight mission, determination of their coordinates, selection of a ground target for attack and generation of information in the BSU for guidance a UAV on it with the aim of destroying it. At the same time, BISPN provides control of radio communication equipment, as well as flight and ground control of UAV on-board systems.

Radio communication equipment (hereinafter referred to as RSO) (4), which consists of: an antenna system (hereinafter referred to as AS) of a command radio link (5), a modem (6) of a command radio link (hereinafter referred to as MCRL), AS of a high-speed radio link (7), a power amplifier ( hereinafter referred to as UM) (8), a high-speed radio link modem (hereinafter referred to as MVRL) (9), a radio link protection module (hereinafter referred to as MHRL) (10) and ensures the transmission from the UAV to a ground or airborne control point via a high-speed radio link of video images from the BISPN surveillance camera with the selection of detected ground targets, as well as information about flight parameters, coordinates of the UAV and detected ground targets via a command radio link, transmission of control commands, including the ground target selected for destruction, from the control center to the UAV via a command radio link.

The noise-proof receiver of space navigation systems (11) ensures the location of the UAV in the earth's coordinate system.

The radio altimeter (12) provides determination of the height of the aircraft relative to the underlying surface.

On-board control system (13), consisting of a computing unit (14), gyroscopes-accelerometers (15), P _stat / P _abs sensors (16), a magnetometer (17) and control drives (20), ensuring the formation of data in the computing unit about the spatial position and movement parameters of the aircraft, coming from gyroscopes-accelerometers, a magnetometer, P _stat / P _abs sensors, UAV movement control signals in the longitudinal, lateral, track channels, in altitude and speed channels in automatic mode along the route specified by the flight mission and issuing them to control drives and engine control systems to implement controlled movement of the UAV.

The engine control system (18) provides control of the UAV engine operation.

General aircraft equipment (19) consists of wing and tail layout systems and a power supply system.

Claims (1)

An integrated complex of on-board equipment of a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle, characterized by the fact that it contains an on-board control system interconnected via information exchange channels, connected to general aircraft equipment, a radio altimeter, an anti-interference receiver of space navigation systems, an automatic engine control system, an on-board intelligent search and guidance system, consisting of a computing module connected to a surveillance camera; radio communication equipment connected to the on-board intelligent search and guidance system, consisting of a radio link protection module, a UHF command radio link, including a command radio link modem and an antenna system, a high-speed UHF radio link, including a high-speed radio link modem, a power amplifier and an antenna system, while The command radio link modem is connected to the high-speed radio link modem, and the computing module is made on the basis of a neural processor based on an integrated circuit for the operation of neural network algorithms and provides solutions to the problems of searching, detecting and targeting a ground target of a given type with making a decision to attack the target automatically or at the operator’s command ground control point, in addition, the on-board control system contains a computing unit, a magnetometer, gyroscopes-accelerometers and absolute and differential pressure sensors and provides controlled flight along a given route with the formation of commands to control the aircraft modes.

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