RU2818609C2 - Universal hydraulic clamping unit - stand for positioning and sealing of flanged pipeline valves with adjustable clamping system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pipelines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of service maintenance, repair and testing of flanged pipeline valves. Proposed unit is made in the form of bed with skin (13) fixed with screws (23), which is a support structure made of vertical posts. On the upper end of the posts there are rigidly installed steel plates with holes, on which the tabletop is fixed by bolts (22) with washers (25, 28). On the tabletop, there are guides for L-shaped clamps, three of which are located in the radial direction through 120°, and one in 60° relative to a pair of adjacent guides. In center of tabletop there is a hole for vertical rod of power hydraulic cylinder with extension-pusher (12). Clamps represent an L-shaped steel post of rectangular cross section with a cantilever retaining claw in the upper part and adapter (7) installed in groove (29). Flange of serviced item is held in vertical direction by hydraulic cylinder with extension-pusher (12) of rod to adapters (7) of L-shaped clamps. Crank mechanism with two levers (10) with round handles (5) by means of four rods (2) performs joint movement of clamps. Extension adapter (7) provides for sticking tooth protrusion, gripping and retention of flanges of small diameters.

EFFECT: invention allows to optimize arrangement of clamping clamps relative to flange and body parts of serviced product due to readjustable system of clamping and fixation of flanges, thus eliminating its damages, thus replacing hydraulic clamping units with 2, 3 and 4 L-shaped clamps.

1 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The universal hydraulic clamping unit (stand) is designed for positioning, holding and sealing flanged pipeline fittings and other devices with flanged connections during service, repair and testing.

During the service of pipeline fittings (PVA), they are tested in accordance with GOST 33257-2015, or in accordance with other standards depending on the country of the PVA manufacturer and the internal standards of the operating organization, as a rule, supplementing the requirements of GOST 33257-2015. According to GOST 24856-2014 - “PIPLE FITTINGS Terms and Definitions” the following are distinguished:

- type of fittings (Classification unit characterizing the functional purpose of fittings):

1. shut-off valves: Valves designed to block the flow of a working medium with a certain tightness, 2. check valves (reverse-acting valves): Valves designed to automatically prevent the reverse flow of a working medium, 3. safety valves: Valves designed to automatically protect equipment and pipelines from unacceptable excess pressure by discharging excess working fluid,

4. distribution and mixing fittings: fittings designed to distribute the flow of the working medium in certain directions or to mix flows. If the fittings are intended only for distribution or only for mixing, then such fittings are called “Distribution fittings” or “Mixing fittings”, respectively. 5. control valves (throttle valves, throttle-control valves; actuator): Valves designed to regulate the parameters of the working environment by changing the flow rate or flow area, 6. separation valves (phase separating valves): valves designed to separate the working media, located in different phase states, or with different densities, 7. shut-off valves: Valves designed to shut off the flow of a working medium when a given value of its flow rate is exceeded due to a change in the pressure drop across the sensing element, or in the event of a change in the specified pressure value

- type of valve (Classification unit, characterized by the direction of movement of the locking or control element relative to the flow of the working medium and defining the main design features of the valve):

1. gate valve: A type of fitting in which the locking or regulating element moves perpendicular to the axis of the flow of the working medium, 2. valve (valve): A type of fitting in which the locking or regulating element moves parallel to the axis of the flow of the working medium, 3. tap: Type of fitting , in which the locking or regulating element, having the shape of a body of rotation or part thereof, rotates around its own axis, arbitrarily located with respect to the direction of flow of the working medium, 4. butterfly valve (valve; butterfly valve, butterfly valve): Type of fittings, in which the locking or regulating element has the shape of a disk that rotates around an axis perpendicular or located at an angle to the direction of flow of the working medium. There are also various combinations of the listed types and types of injection molding machines. And various options for its implementation related to the technological features of production and operation. In terms of analyzing the applicability of a universal hydraulic clamping installation, it is primarily of interest and the need to analyze the features of body parts and the design features of a particular type of injection molding machine, such as:

- geometry of the injection molding machine body,

- location and type of inlet and outlet pipes,

- design of connecting flanges,

- presence and location of actuators and drive mechanisms,

- availability and configuration of bypasses and piping pipelines.

The types of injection molding machines specified in GOST 24856-2014 - “PIPLE FITTINGS Terms and Definitions” have the following geometric features of the body parts due to its design.

As you can see, the distinctive features of the valve geometry are:

1. The inlet and outlet pipes with their connecting flanges (main flanges) are located on the same axis, opposite to each other.

2. The valve body has an asymmetric geometry associated with the shape of the shut-off element (wedge - rigid or composite (floating), gate of various shapes) and the presence of a middle flange with an upper cover with a yoke assembly and the output of the shut-off element drive rod (with a steering wheel or drive).

3. As a rule, the middle flange has a diameter smaller than that of the main flanges, which, along with the narrowing of the lower part of the valve body, makes it possible to conveniently and safely fix the valve in the clamping device, both by fixing it by the flanges and by axial compression along the axis of the nozzles.

4. Relatively small thickness of main flanges.

Wedge valves, as a rule, have a relatively low operating pressure, which, taking into account the resulting thrust force, is necessary to fix the valve flange at both 3-4 points and at 2 points. In this case, taking into account the relatively small thrust force that arises, its deformation does not occur.

At the same time, with an increase in operating pressure, for example, in the case of oil and gas field valves of the ZMS type, designed for relatively high operating pressures (more than 25 MPa), the thickness of the body and main flanges increases, which leads to a number of restrictions when installing on a clamping device for testing or service. .

For example, taking into account the dimensions of the middle flange (outside the dimensions of the main flanges), it becomes difficult to clamp the valve along the axis of the main flanges. At the same time, fixing the valve by the flange also becomes problematic due to the mutual overlap of the planes of the main and middle flanges.

Valve

1. The inlet and outlet pipes are located at an angle of 90°.

2. The shut-off element is fixed by a spring, and when the working medium overcomes the force of which, the working medium is discharged into the outlet pipe line.

3. The outlet discharge pipe (flange, respectively) is usually larger in diameter than the inlet pipe (flange, respectively).

4. The shape of the PPK body and the location of the inlet and outlet pipes (flange) (at 90° relative to each other) eliminate the axial impact on them for fixing the PPK and sealing the internal cavities for testing. At the same time, taking into account the shape and dimensions of the outlet pipe (flange), fixing and sealing the PPK for testing by the inlet flange, simulating the working position, taking into account the overlap of the planes of the inlet and outlet flange, is not possible along the entire circumference of the inlet flange (as a rule, the 120 sector of the flange is excluded °, located under the outlet flange).

5. PPK assembled into a switching device - PU is an assembly of 2 PPK mounted on a main tee with parallel output lines with the ability to switch them (on each line there are locking devices for switching one of the PPK). They have a complex spatial geometric shape that complicates installation on a stand - clamping installation and sealing of internal cavities during testing.

In fact, it is only possible to clamp-fix the PU behind the flanges of the main tee and only through a clamping device with clamping devices spaced 180° apart to prevent their overlap on the planes of the PU branch pipes also spaced 180° apart.

Tap:

1. The body, taking into account the geometry of the locking organ, is close to a spherical shape and, as a rule, has relatively large dimensions in comparison with the ZCL.

2. Minimizing the thickness of the ball valve body eliminates its fixation along the axes of the main pipes (flanges), due to the risk of deformation of the body.

3. In comparison with the dimensions of the valve body, the diameter of the inlet and outlet flanges of the valve has relatively smaller dimensions than that of the ZKL, which complicates its fixation and sealing due to small gaps with the relatively massive body.

4. As a rule, there are bypass pipelines that increase the overall overall dimensions of the product and limit the possibilities of installation on a stand - clamping installation for service and testing.

Butterfly valve:

1. Small dimensions of the body (primarily the construction length)

2. The shutter is a shut-off element that, when functioning, extends beyond the dimensions of the shutter body

3. The device body is minimized in thickness (in fact, it is a section of a main pipe, or a flange element of similar thickness), which eliminates axial impact on it under the threat of deformation

4. Taking into account the minimum overall length of the valve body, the distance between the main flanges is minimal, while the yoke assembly and the mechanism for moving the shut-off body, located on the valve body, which is limited in terms of the overall length, impose additional restrictions on the relative position of the holding structures of the stand

As can be seen from the above examples, the variability of the geometry of the injection molding machine body parts and their design impose restrictions on the design features of the clamping installations used to service them - stands.

During the service of pipeline fittings (PVA), they are tested in accordance with GOST 33257-2015 (or in accordance with other standards depending on the country of the PVA manufacturer and the internal standards of the operating organization, as a rule, supplementing the requirements of GOST 33257-2015). This technological operation involves modeling maximum operating loads, for which a test bench is used - a sealing clamping installation that allows you to localize the cavities being tested from the external environment while withstanding the thrust force created by the test environment inside the product. When servicing flanged pipeline fittings, which constitute up to 85% of the total volume of the serviced injection molding machine, the most universal type of clamping sealing installation is a vertical hydraulic clamping installation (stand) with 2 or 3, (sometimes 4) L-shaped clamps holding the injection molding machine flange when pressed its hydraulic cylinder in the vertical direction. The number of clamps and their relative position in the stand is determined by its purpose (specialization) for testing certain types of injection molding machines and, accordingly, its different geometry (body shape, connecting flanges, bypass pipelines and other design features).

As a rule, 2-grip clamping installations are used to seal relief safety valves that have a large capacity due to which the exhaust pipe (flange) is larger in diameter than the inlet, while having a relatively low operating pressure (the flange allows the distribution of the working load over 2 points of support , without being deformed). In 3-grip clamping systems, such valves (also valve systems - Switching devices) do not fit geometrically due to the overlap of the clamping clamp planes with the structural elements of the clamped product. 3-grip clamping systems are usually used for shut-off valves (gate valves, ball valves) with a simpler body shape and higher operating pressure. This requires distribution of the load along the flange to prevent its deformation. But at the same time, a simpler form allows you to place the injection molding machine between 3 L-shaped clamps. At higher operating pressures or due to the presence of massive asymmetrical parts served by the injection molding machine, a 4-grip clamping scheme is also applicable. At the same time, the peculiarities of the geometry of the body parts of injection molding machines of various types and its external - bypass piping, or the presence in one serviced assembly of several body elements (Christmas tree crosspieces - AFK, assembly of several valves, preventer assemblies, etc.) make it difficult to position it on a stand with fixed arrangement of guide clamps. Thus, to provide service for various types of injection molding machines, 2-3 types of clamping installations (stands) are required, with their own power sources, control devices, maintenance personnel, and work space.

This technological operation involves modeling maximum operating loads, for which a test bench is used - a sealing clamping installation that allows you to localize the cavities being tested from the external environment while withstanding the thrust force created by the test environment inside the product. When servicing flanged pipeline fittings, which constitute up to 85% of the total volume of the serviced injection molding machine, the most universal type of clamping sealing installation is a vertical hydraulic clamping installation (stand) with 2 or 3, (sometimes 4) L-shaped clamps holding the injection molding machine flange when pressed jack it in a vertical direction.

The number of clamps and their relative position in the stand is determined by its purpose (specialization) for testing certain types of injection molding machines and, accordingly, its different geometry (body shape, connecting flanges, bypass pipelines and other design features).

As a rule, 2-grip clamping installations are used to seal relief safety valves that have a large capacity, therefore the exhaust pipe (flange) is larger in diameter than the inlet, while having a relatively low operating pressure (the flange allows the distribution of the working load over 2 points of support, without being deformed).

In 3 clamping systems, such valves (also valve systems - Switching devices) do not fit geometrically due to the overlap of the clamping planes with the structural elements of the clamped product.

For this reason, 3-piece clamping systems are usually suitable for shut-off valves (gate valves, ball valves) that have a simpler body shape and a higher operating pressure. This requires distribution of the load along the flange to prevent their deformation.

However, a simpler form allows the injection molding machine to be placed between 3 L-shaped clamps.

At higher operating pressures, or due to the presence of massive asymmetrical parts of the serviced injection molding machine, a 4-grip clamping scheme is also applicable. At the same time, the peculiarities of the geometry of the body parts of injection molding machines of various types and its external - bypass piping, or the presence in one serviced assembly of several body elements (Christmas tree crosspieces - AFK, assembly of several valves, preventer assemblies, etc.) make it difficult to position it on a stand with fixed arrangement of guide clamps.

Thus, to provide service for various types of injection molding machines, 2-3 types of separate stationary clamping installations (stands) are required, with their own power sources, control devices, maintenance personnel, and working space, respectively.

Thus, combining clamps with 2, 3 and 4 L-shaped clamps in one device provides versatility and multifunctionality of the installation.

Products currently produced in the Russian Federation for similar purposes have similar technical characteristics, which is determined by their intended purpose, but they all lack the ability to reconfigure the clamping system. The equipment offered by foreign manufacturers has a slightly higher level of manufacturing, but at the same time it is more expensive, and its operation is associated with problems of maintenance and supply of spare parts, due to the lack of service centers in the Russian Federation. Foreign manufacturers also do not have the ability to reconfigure the clamping geometry.

In fig. 1 shows examples and characteristics of similar equipment from Russian and foreign manufacturers of JSC PKTBA - pktba.ru (2x tack clamp, 3x tack clamp). In fig. 2 shows a 3-tack clamp and its characteristics LLC NPP Tekhnokom - armoremont.ru. In fig. 3 2x shows a tack clamp, 3x tack clamp of JSC NPP Special Technologies - spte.ru. Known are the gripping clamps of NPO Gaks-Armservice LLC - gaksnpo.ru (Fig. 4), EFCO Maschinenbau GmbH - efco-dueren.de (Fig. 5), Unigrind GmbH & Co - unigrind.de (Fig. 6), VENTIL (Fig. 7). From the above examples it is clear that Russian and foreign manufacturers offer hydraulic clamping systems in various configurations (2x, 3x clamping systems), but without the possibility of their transformation. Thus, if it becomes necessary to change the geometry of the flange clamp (for example, when testing a switching device assembly, and then separately safety valves from its composition, or a valve with a discharge pipe of a larger diameter than the inlet), this can only be done by changing the clamping installation completely . Those. organizations servicing injection molding machines are forced to purchase a number of different clamping units.

The patent search carried out by the applicant did not reveal a universal, reconfigurable flange clamping system that changes the clamping geometry if necessary.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at developing a universal, reconfigurable system for clamping flanges and other devices with a flange type of connection, changing, if necessary, the clamping geometry (the relative position of L-shaped clamps) to ensure the possibility of reconfiguring the system.

The technical result is to increase the accuracy, reliability, and speed of adjustment of the clamping system, taking into account the design features of the serviced (clamped) pipeline fittings, as well as other devices with a flange type of connection). The proposed invention allows, due to the reconfigurable system of clamping and fixing flanges, to optimize the location of clamping clamps relative to the flange and body parts of the serviced product, while eliminating its damage, thus replacing hydraulic clamping installations with 2, 3 and 4 L-shaped tacks.

This is achieved by the fact that a universal hydraulic clamping installation with an adjustable clamping system, made in the form of a frame with casing secured with M5 screws, which is a support structure made of vertical posts, on the upper end of which steel plates with holes are rigidly installed, on which, by means of M12 bolts with washers, the tabletop is fixed, while on the tabletop there are guides for L-shaped clamps, located in the radial direction every 120 degrees, in the amount of three pieces, and every 60 degrees relative to a pair of adjacent guides, in the amount of one piece, while in the center The tabletop has a hole for the vertical rod of a power hydraulic cylinder with an extension - a pusher, mounted in its lower part and fixed on the upper side of the tabletop by means of a column nut, while guides for L-shaped clamps, which are an L-shaped steel rack of rectangular cross-section with a cantilever retaining fang in the upper part and an adapter installed in the groove, containing a steel body with a guide groove for moving the L-shaped clamp, secured by means of screws with washers in the corresponding holes on the tabletop, the pusher is a power structural element that holds the flange of the serviced product when pressed into in the vertical direction, a hydraulic cylinder with a pusher - a rod extension to the adapters of L-shaped clamps, a crank mechanism with two levers with round handles, which, through four rods, performs the joint movement of the clamps, an extension adapter that allows for the protrusion of the clamp fang, gripping and holding flanges of small diameters, is located on the upper part of the clamp on the cantilever fang in the groove and is fixed with screws, the crank mechanism is a carrier, which is installed on the hydraulic cylinder rod with steel rods hinged along the diameter, by means of bolts with washers, and with their opposite ends also pivotally connected to the L-shaped clamps through brackets installed on them with screws, a clamping power hydraulic cylinder, which is mounted by means of an elongated threaded nut - a column in the central hole of the table top, while the rod with a pusher through the hole in the center of the table top has the ability to move vertically, whereby the flange of the serviced product is pressed against the L-shaped clamp teeth with adapters.

The clamping system is equipped with 4 movable guides for L-shaped clamps, three of which are located around the circumference at an angle of 120° to each other relative to the axis and are driven by a clamping hydraulic jack (hydraulic cylinder), this ensures a 3-point clamp evenly distributed around the circumference of the flange. with L-shaped clamps. The fourth guide is located between two adjacent ones at an angle of 60° to each and at an angle of 180° to the third, which allows the flange to be clamped between 2 L-shaped clamps.

At the same time, the overlap of the clamping clamp planes on the body parts of the installed injection molding machine is minimized. There is also the possibility of simultaneous use of all guides to ensure the retention of large-sized asymmetrical assemblies, for example, Christmas tree fittings, and also provides the ability to apply shock loads during the assembly/disassembly and repair of injection molding machines.

Thus, the universal hydraulic clamping installation, due to the presence of 4 L-shaped clamps and the ability to choose their configuration (mutual arrangement) taking into account the geometric features of the injection molding machine body parts, allows you to replace the currently used three types of hydraulic clamping installations with 2, 3 and 4 L-shaped clamps, respectively.

The claimed technical solution consists of the following structural elements:

1 - carrier.

2 - traction.

3 - bed .

4-hydraulic jack (hydraulic cylinder).

5-handle round

6 - L-shaped clamp

7 - adapter

8 - guide

table top

10 - lever

11 - column

12 - pusher

13 - casing

14 - bracket

17-19 - screw

20-22 - bolt

23-24 - screw

25-28 - washer

29 - groove.

30 - hole

31 - vibration support

In fig. Figure 8 shows a top view of the clamping installation, where I, II, III, IV are the location of the guides for L-shaped clamps (clamping devices), the options for the location of L-shaped clamps are as follows: II-IV - diametrical clamping of the flange, I-II-III - 3-point flange clamping with grips at an angle of 120°, I-II-III-IV - asymmetrical clamping of massive large-sized products.

Thus, it is possible to adapt the geometry of the clamping installation to the design features of the serviced (clamped) pipeline fittings, as well as other devices with a flange type of connection). In addition, the possibility of optimal location of the clamps relative to the body of the injection molding machine and other devices with a flange type of connection allows the clamping unit to be used as a technological stand when disassembling/assembling the injection molding machine, ensuring reliable fixation by the flange, eliminating the use of additional specialized holding and fixing devices.

At the same time, taking into account the elimination of time for reinstalling the serviced injection molding machine between specialized installations, the total maintenance time and the total amount of operated process equipment are reduced.

In FIG. 9, the applicant presents an example of the appearance of the claimed technical solution for a universal hydraulic clamping installation: maximum force created by the stand, tons - 50 - 350 (depending on the hydraulic cylinder used), minimum/maximum diameter of the clamped flange, mm - 40 - 625, maximum thickness of the clamped flange, mm - 90, clamping system - with variable geometry, synchronized/differentiated 2x, 3x, 4x tack clamp with hydraulic power cylinder, overall dimensions (LxWxH), mm - 960x960x1050, weight, kg - 850.

During servicing of the injection molding machine, technological installations are required for its positioning in a spatial position that provides access to the elements of its design, fixation and sealing (in the case of testing with a working environment) with the required force. Taking into account the variability of types of pipeline fittings and its geometric features, several types of vertical clamping installations - stands and technological devices for positioning injection molding machines - are currently used.

The universal hydraulic clamping installation-stand allows, by reconfiguring the clamping system (choosing the relative position of the L-shaped clamping clamps), provided for by its design features, to adapt the stand to the type of injection molding machine being serviced and the geometric features of its body, external piping and attachments.

A universal hydraulic clamping unit is used for positioning and holding various types of flanged pipeline fittings (other devices with a flanged connection type) during their maintenance at enterprises of the Fuel and Energy Complex, contract service organizations and other consumers operating injection molding machines. A universal hydraulic clamping installation - the stand provides positioning and fixing of the injection molding machine (another product with a flange type of connection) by its flange with the required force, clamping and sealing the cavities of the injection molding machine with flanges, in the case of testing it with a working medium (liquid/gaseous). At the same time, the stand clamping system ensures a change in the position of the application of force of the clamping L-shaped clamps relative to the injection molding machine flange and the axis of the power hydraulic cylinder, which creates a clamping force of the product flange between the work table on the axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the L-shaped clamps, ensuring reliable fixation of the product in the case of using the stand as a technological support during disassembly/assembly operations, or by creating a flange clamping force corresponding to the spacer force that occurs in the cavity of the injection molding machine during its testing. Quantitative parameters that determine how a scientific and technical product performs its functions: maximum force created by the stand, tons - 50 - 350 (depending on the hydraulic cylinder used), minimum/maximum diameter of the clamped flange, mm - 40-625, maximum thickness of the clamped flange, mm - 90, clamping system - with variable geometry, synchronized/differentiated 2x, 3x, 4x tack clamp with hydraulic power cylinder, overall dimensions (LxWxH), mm - 960x960x1050, weight, kg - 850

As of the date of submission of application materials, the technology for servicing pipeline valves represents the following sequence of main operations:

1. Incoming control - overpressure testing to assess the tightness of the injection molding machine and its compliance with the manufacturer’s passport data. Depending on the type of injection molding machine (in accordance with the geometry of the body parts, the type and relative position of the flanges, the presence of bypass piping lines, etc.), a clamping installation with 2, 3 or 4 L-shaped clamps is selected, providing the ability to install, fix and seal fittings received for service. In the absence of an appropriate clamping installation, it is necessary to manufacture an installation cradle and a sealing plug that corresponds to the shape of the flange of the product being serviced and has the required load capacity (a blind counter flange in shape and thickness corresponding to the injection molding machine flange). The specified plug is secured to the injection molding machine flange using bolted connections in a number corresponding to the number of holes in the specified flange. In this case, the contractor must ensure uniform drawing of bolted connections along the diameter of the flange (4-48 pieces depending on the type of flange) and the appropriate force to ensure the tightness of the flange-plug connection. The plug must also provide a supply of test medium (have an inlet fitting designed for test pressure). At the same time, to control the tightness of the injection molding machine itself, it is necessary to ensure a visual inspection of the shut-off valve. If during testing the injection molding machine has confirmed its passport data, then it undergoes maintenance (MOT) in accordance with the manufacturer’s regulations (usually replacement of gasket connections and lubricants) otherwise it undergoes repair.

2. Based on the results of the incoming inspection, the injection molding machine must be disassembled either for maintenance or repair. At the moment, for this purpose, self-made installation cradle or other devices are used that make it possible to securely fix the product being serviced. Thus, a technological transition occurs from the test bench to a specialized workstation, which provides convenient positioning of the injection molding machine and the possibility of its disassembly/assembly using impact forces. In this case, as a rule, the repair and restoration of the consumer qualities of the injection molding machine consists of restoring the geometry of the valve valve of the injection molding machine (wedge valve, valve disk, ball plug, spool valve, valve plate, etc.), which is done after it is removed from the body using specialized equipment. After which the injection molding machine is assembled.

3. To monitor the results of maintenance or repair, at the final stage, the injection molding machines are also tested with excess pressure of the working environment, incl. setting the safety valves to the response pressure or reading the flow characteristic from the control injection molding machine. For this purpose, it is necessary to make the next technological transition to a specialized test bench - a clamping installation of the appropriate geometry (with an optimal number and relative arrangement of L-shaped clamping clamps), or to use a newly manufactured hinged plug described above.

Thus, to carry out service maintenance of even a single-body injection molding machine (gate, valve, valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, etc.) requires at least three types of technological installations (cradles, supports, stands) and, accordingly, technological transitions between them using lifting mechanisms and time spent on installation and removal of the product at each stage. At the same time, modern technological installations, due to the differences in the geometric features of individual types of injection molding machines, are not universal and are focused on working with a specific type of injection molding machine (separately gate valves, valves, ball valves).

The applicant (for an overview as a whole) presents individual types of injection molding machines to state their diversity and the presence of significant differences (Fig. 10) (wedge valve, gate valve, safety valve, ball valve). The situation is aggravated in the case when an assembly of various types of injection molding machines is received for maintenance, for example, so-called switching devices (an assembly of 2 or more safety valves on a common tee with shut-off valves in the line of each valve) or Christmas tree wellhead equipment (so-called “Christmas trees” - a structure with vertically connected tees and crosses on the side branches of which shut-off, safety and fittings for monitoring the environment are mounted - pressure gauges, sensors, samplers, etc.), or preventer assemblies (cascade of ram, ring and rotary preventers) ( Fig. 11) (switching device, Xmas tree at the wellhead, preventer assembly (“Christmas tree” of the AFK).

In this case, for each component element of a prefabricated structure, due to the geometric features of their bodies, a separate specialized clamping installation with 2, 3 or 4 L-shaped clamps is required to ensure the possibility of their fixation and sealing, taking into account the asymmetry of the structure and relative position bends and flanges.

In the case of using a universal hydraulic clamping installation for maintenance of a single-body injection molding machine, all operations are performed from one installation and the technological sequence is as follows:

1. Evaluation of the serviced product: its geometry and connecting flanges. Setting up the clamping system - Installation of L-shaped clamps in the appropriate guides, ensuring optimal distribution of the clamping force along the flange, taking into account the geometric features of the injection molding machine body. Installing the product on the stand, positioning the L-shaped clamps on the flange, by means of their convergence - linear movement in the guides to the center of the work table (installed flange);

2. Creating pressure of the control hydraulic fluid - 0-75 MPa (clamping and fixing the flange with the required force). Creation of test medium pressure (water/air) - 0-75 MPa.

3. Disassembly/assembly of injection molding machines (the presence of 4 L-shaped clamps with differentiated control allows you to control the distribution of load along the flange and create the required holding force in the direction of application of shock loads when dismantling the components of the injection molding machine).

In the case of using a universal hydraulic clamping installation for maintenance with multi-body assemblies, using the stated technical solution due to the fact that the universal hydraulic clamping installation provides the ability to reconfigure the relative position of L-shaped clamps, and thereby allows for both maintenance of the entire assembled product and and its individual components without the use of additional technological devices.

Thus, the use of a universal hydraulic clamping installation (stand) makes it possible to provide the following technical results, namely;

1 - carry out maintenance or repair of all types of injection molding machines (eight types of injection molding machines presented above in the text),

2 - and replace three types of equipment, the indicated capabilities of the claimed technical solution, which cannot be implemented by means of devices identified by the applicant, known from the examined state of the art:

3 - Provides placement and reliable fixation of the serviced product with a flange with a diameter of 40 - 625 mm, thickness up to 100 mm.

4 - At the same time, providing clamping of the injection molding machine flange with 2, 3 or 4 L-shaped clamps to adapt the installation to the geometry of the body of various types of industrial fittings and other devices with a flange type of connection (the presence of asymmetrical structural elements, external piping lines, exhaust pipes, etc.);

5 - Hydraulic clamping of the flange of the serviced product with a force of 0 - 350 tons (depending on the hydraulic cylinder used),

6 - Provides the ability to apply shock loads to an installed product during the process of assembling/disassembling the product.

7 - Reduces the need for space for repair and maintenance by three times, due to the fact that it replaces three types of equipment previously used for repair and maintenance of injection molding machines.

Next, the applicant provides a more detailed description of the claimed technical solution.

Externally, the stand is a table - a power metal structure placed on 4 supports with a round tabletop, on the lower side of which a hydraulic jack (4) is mounted, the vertical rod of which (the hydraulic jack) passes into a hole located in the center. From the central hole, guides diverge in radial directions, along which L-shaped clamping clamps move by means of the Carrier (1), which is a crank mechanism for bringing together/spreading (Fig. 11).

The crank mechanism for bringing together/spreading clamping L-shaped clamps is a disc carrier freely seated along the axis of the clamping hydraulic cylinder on a nut securing it. To ensure its rotation relative to the vertical axis of the hydraulic cylinder rod, a brass ring - bushing - is pressed into it (to reduce friction during rotation). The disk has 4 holes located along its radius, 3 holes at 120 degrees, one hole at 60 degrees relative to its neighbors, similarly

placement of L-shaped clamps. Rods are fixed in the holes, hingedly connected to L-shaped clamps. Thus, when the disk rotates relative to the vertical axis of the hydraulic cylinder rod on a brass bushing - a ring mounted on a nut that secures the hydraulic cylinder in the tabletop of a universal hydraulic clamping unit, the rods associated with the L-shaped clamping clamps are shifted to or from the center of the tabletop, and accordingly, bringing together or spreading L-shaped clamping clamps (fangs). To ensure rotation of the disk by the operator, 4 holes are made in its diameter at 45 degrees, with threads for installing 2 levers at 180 degrees.

To apply rotational force, the levers are reinstalled in the holes of the carrier (disc) as necessary.

Universal hydraulic clamping installation - the stand is a metal structure consisting of:

- Beds - the base, which is a vertical supporting structure, with 4 vertical posts of rectangular section made of a steel profile, interconnected at the bottom by a cross-shaped frame, also made of a steel profile of a rectangular section (Fig. 12). The attachment points of the cross-shaped frame to the vertical posts are reinforced with welded steel gussets.

Steel washers with M16 threads are welded at the bottom of the racks for installing adjustable vibration supports.

Rectangular steel plates with holes (to secure the tabletop) are welded to the upper end of the vertical racks, which are additionally tied to the racks with reinforcing steel gussets.

Steel plates placed on vertical posts are supports for mounting a round metal tabletop, connecting the elements of the frame into a single load-bearing structure that allows it to withstand both the weight of the products installed on it and the thrust forces that arise when testing pipeline fittings, as well as shock loads during disassembly/ assembly of injection molding machines.

- Table top (9) - is a metal round plate (Steel 40X, diameter 750 mm, thickness 80 mm), installed on the vertical posts of the frame, which serve as a power base for 4 guide L-shaped clamps.

For their fastening, holes with M12 threads are provided in the tabletop (12 pieces, located in pairs symmetrically relative to the axis of each guide).

The guides are located in the radial direction every 120 degrees - 3 pcs. and after 60 degrees relative to neighboring ones - 1 pc. In the center of the tabletop there is a hole for the vertical rod of the power hydraulic cylinder, mounted in its (tabletop) lower part (Fig. 8).

- Guides for L-shaped clamps (4 pcs.) - are a steel body (Steel 40X), with a guide groove in which the L-shaped clamp moves, which has a counter groove in the body of its rack (pos. 29, Fig. 13) similar geometry.

Guides with a groove are secured by bolting in the corresponding holes on the tabletop.

In this case, 3 guides are placed in the radial direction on the tabletop at 120 degrees, the 4th is placed at 60 degrees between two adjacent guides.

- L-shaped clamps (4 pcs.)

The power structural element that holds the flange of the serviced product when pressed in the vertical direction by a hydraulic cylinder to the L-shaped clamps is an L-shaped steel stand of rectangular cross-section, with a cantilever holding tooth in the upper part.

In the lower part of the body of the clamping post there is a groove in geometry that repeats the profile of the guide groove, along which it moves to the center and from the center of the tabletop in the radial direction, respectively.

The joint movement of the clamps is their bringing together and spreading, provided by the crank mechanism (consists of elements, namely carrier 1, round handle 5, rod 2, lever 10, bolts 21, washers 27 and unit B (Fig. 13), which allows you to fix or release the flange of the product being serviced. In the upper part of the L-shaped clamp on the cantilever tooth there is a groove for installing an extension adapter, which allows the clamp tooth to extend out, ensuring the capture and retention of flanges of small diameters (up to 40 mm).

- The mechanism for bringing together/spreading the clamps is a crank mechanism - mounted on a hydraulic cylinder rod, a rotating steel disk - carrier (1) (Steel 45) with steel rods hinged along the diameter, their opposite ends also pivotally connected to the L-shaped clamps. Thus, when the carrier rotates, the rods impart linear movement to the clamps in the guides, bringing them together and apart in a horizontal plane relative to the vertical axis of the hydraulic cylinder.

- Clamping power hydraulic cylinder - a ready-made module purchased from a specialized manufacturer. It is a double-acting hydraulic jack with a threaded body connection type - M110x2, rod diameter 90 mm, rod stroke 100 mm, developed force 50, 100, 200, 300 or 350 tons. (depending on the model of the installed hydraulic jack). It is mounted vertically using a threaded nut on the underside of the table top, while the rod has the ability to move vertically through a hole in the center of the table top, whereby the flange of the serviced product is pressed through the adapter (work table) to the L-shaped teeth of the clamp. The hydraulic cylinder is powered from a hand pump included in its kit, or from an external hydraulic source with a working pressure of up to 75 MPa (Fig. 13).

Thus, a universal hydraulic clamping installation is a vertical press, with a lower location of the hydraulic cylinder, the vertical movement of the rod of which allows you to fix the flange of the product being serviced between the work table located on the hydraulic cylinder rod and L-shaped clamps. In this case, the bed - base serves as a support for the tabletop with the guides of the mechanism for bringing together/spreading L-shaped clamps and a hydraulic cylinder fixed on it. Clamping L-shaped clamps 2,3 or 4 pcs are installed in the guides in various combinations. depending on the configuration of the serviced product, which allows you to change the geometry of the flange clamp of the serviced product, ensuring the versatility of the installation.

Claims (1)

A universal hydraulic clamping installation with an adjustable clamping system, made in the form of a frame with casing (13), secured with M5 screws (23), which is a support structure made of vertical posts, on the upper end of which steel plates with holes are rigidly installed, on which, using M12 bolts (22) with washers (25, 28), the tabletop is fixed, while guides for L-shaped clamps are placed on the tabletop, located in the radial direction through 120°, in the amount of three pieces, and through 60° relative to a pair of adjacent guides in quantity of one piece, while in the center of the tabletop there is a hole for the vertical rod of the power hydraulic cylinder with an extension - pusher (12), mounted in its lower part and fixed on the upper side of the tabletop by means of a column nut (11), while the guides for L-shaped clamps, which are an L-shaped steel post of rectangular cross-section with a cantilever retaining fang in the upper part and an adapter (7) installed in the groove (29), containing a steel body with a guide groove for moving the L-shaped clamp, secured with screws ( G -shaped clamps, a crank mechanism with two levers (10) with round handles (5), which through four rods (2) performs the joint movement of the clamps, an extension adapter (7), which allows for the protrusion of the clamp fang, gripping and holding flanges of small diameters, located on the upper part of the clamp on the cantilever fang in the groove (29) and is fixed with screws (24), the crank mechanism is a carrier, which is installed on the hydraulic cylinder rod with steel rods hinged along the diameter (2), using bolts (20,21) with washers (27), with their opposite ends also pivotally connected to the L-shaped clamps through brackets (14) installed on them by means of screws (17), a clamping power hydraulic cylinder, which is mounted by means of an elongated threaded nut - column (11) in the central hole of the tabletop , while the rod with the pusher through the hole in the center of the tabletop has the ability to move vertically, thereby pressing the flange of the serviced product against the L-shaped teeth of the clamp with adapters.