RU2805706C1 - Method for waterproofing rigid airfield and road coatings from concrete plates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for treating airfield and road coatings. The invention can be used in the repair of rigid (cement concrete, fibercrete and reinforced concrete) airfield and road coatings to restore the waterproofing layer on them and prevent their destruction. The problem to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the development of an effective method for restoring and waterproofing rigid airfield and road coatings. A method for waterproofing rigid airfield and road surfaces from concrete slabs includes electroosmotic removal of moisture by installing electrodes made in the form of sheet iron plates and supplying a waterproofing composition simultaneously with connecting an electric current. The seam cavities, surfaces and edges of the slabs are pre-cleaned and dried, after which an electrode with a wire is placed in the seam adjacent to the surface of the slab to be treated so that the distance from the top edge of the electrode to the surface of the slab is at least 2 cm. Elastic sealing cord is installed above the electrode in the seam. Then the water-repellent composition is supplied to the day surface, after which an electrode with a wire is placed on the surface of the slab treated with the water-repellent composition. The electrodes are kept under direct current until the water-repellent composition is completely absorbed, after which the electrode polarity is reversed and they are kept under constant current again. After impregnation is completed, the electrodes are removed, the slab is dried and swept with compressed air, and the seam cavities are treated with airfield sealant. It is preferable that the joint cavity is cleaned using mechanical means, followed by removal of cleaning waste, and the surface and edges of the slabs are cleaned using high-pressure water jets until the initial light gray color of the concrete is obtained. It is preferable that the electrodes are placed in the seam end thrust, and the elastic sealing cord in the seam above the electrode is installed by wedging. It is preferable that the wire from the electrode installed on the surface is connected to the anode, and the wire to the electrode installed in the seam is connected to the cathode. It is preferable that the water-repellent liquid be supplied to the day surface of the slab in an amount that ensures impregnation of the slab and the formation of a layer 3-5 mm thick on its surface. It is preferable that the electrode plates are placed in close contact with the mating surfaces. It is preferable that the processing of slabs whose overall dimensions exceed 3.75×5 m, was carried out in parts, including one of the cleaned seams and the adjacent area of the day surface of the slab with a width of 1.50-3.50 m and a length equal to the adjacent cleaned seam. It is also preferable that the electrodes are connected to the wire using a bolted connection. It is preferable that the electrodes are placed in the seam end thrust.

EFFECT: improving the quality of waterproofing and increasing the operational service life of restored rigid (cement concrete, fibercrete and reinforced concrete) airfield and road coatings.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to a method for treating airfield and road surfaces.

The invention can be used in the repair of hard (cement concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete) airfield and road surfaces to restore the waterproofing layer on them and prevent their destruction.

The destruction of airfield and road surfaces can lead to emergency situations during takeoff and landing of aircraft, an increase in traffic accidents, a decrease in traffic speed, increased wear of road transport components, etc., and therefore maintaining hard airfield and road surfaces in proper condition condition, their sealing and preservation in working order is an urgent technical task at the present stage of industrial development.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

DAY SURFACE - open surface of the earth (STO NOSTROY 2.29.107-2013. “Bridge structures. Construction of bridge foundations. Part 1).

THE DAY SURFACE OF AN AERODROME COVERING PLATE is an upward-facing surface to which the contact impact of aircraft landing gear wheels is applied, the impact of airfield cleaning equipment with brushes or other cleaning means, the impact of atmospheric factors and de-icing chemicals (in contrast to the lower surface of the slab, which rests on the underlying layers of the structure airfield pavements, and the side faces of the slab, which are the walls of the seams.

ELECTROOSMOS (Electroosmosis) - the movement of moisture from one electrode to another when direct current is passed through the concrete mixture [Terminological dictionary of concrete and reinforced concrete. FSUE “Scientific Research Center “Construction” NIIZHB and m. A.A. Gvozdeva, Moscow, 2007, 110 pp.].

The greatest impact of climatic and chemical factors that cause aging of concrete of airfield and road surfaces is exposed to the day surface of the slabs and their ends in the seams between the slabs.

The daytime surface of the slabs is exposed to both natural factors: precipitation, alternating temperatures and solar radiation, and man-made impacts from the load of aircraft (aircraft), harvesting equipment and the chemical effects of chemicals and fuel combustion products. In seams, all these factors (except for the force impact of aircraft and equipment) are aggravated by possible stagnation of water, and the presence of bitumen sealants, used in 99% of cases for waterproofing seams, plays a protective role in the presence of complete adhesion to the ends of the slabs, in case of peeling (which occurs as aging of bitumen sealants) water, penetrating into the gap between the sealant and concrete, acquiring acidity from the bitumen, contributes to the corrosion of the cement stone of concrete.

There is a known method for processing and restoring the working properties of seams on hard airfield and road surfaces, including cleaning the seam from debris, subsequent heating of the seam sealant to a temperature that ensures its fluidity, and then applying a directed jet to the heated seam sealant of a dosed amount of primer, adding light fractions to the seam sealant to improve the properties of adhesion and sealing of the seam material with a rigid coating material, which is carried out using a self-propelled device moved above the expansion joint zone, on the frame of which a compressor is installed to blow through the seam and clean it from debris, a microwave emitter containing a magnetron located in the housing, connected through a waveguide with a pyramidal horn feed, an internal shielding insulating grid, and along the lower perimeter an external insulating belt made of dielectric material and a primer dispenser are fixed (RF patent No. 2783131 for the invention “METHOD FOR PROCESSING AND RESTORING THE WORKING PROPERTIES OF JOINTS OF RIGID AERODROME AND ROAD PAVEMENTS TIY , publ. 09.11.2022, IPC E01C 23/09). The disadvantage of this known method is that it is labor intensive and limited in application, providing only for the processing of seams.

There is a known method for protecting building materials and structures from moisture, according to which rows of holes are made in the treated area. Electrodes are installed in the holes, through one, the free holes between the electrodes are used to fill them with a hydrophobic liquid, to which an iron salt is added in an amount of 0.5-8 wt. %. The optimal distance between the electrodes is 20-50 cm. A potential is applied to the electrodes in the range of 0.1-1.4 V, alternating anodes and cathodes over the treated area in a checkerboard pattern. Under the influence of an electric field, watering (drying) of a building material or structure occurs, due to the mass transfer of particles of a hydrophobic liquid and migration processes in it. A more intense process of electroosmosis is facilitated by the iron salt, which increases the conductivity of the hydrophobic liquid. In addition, iron salts in the alkaline environment found in building materials form iron hydroxide. It clogs the capillaries and pores of the material and thereby ensures its long-term protection from moisture penetration. In addition, a magnetic field is applied to the treated area, the direction of the field lines of which is perpendicular to the direction of the migration flow of particles of the hydrophobic liquid (RF patent No. 2231603 for the invention “METHOD FOR PROTECTING BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE”, published on June 27, 2004, IPC E04B 1/64). The disadvantage of this known method is the impossibility of eliminating defects in tile joints.

The closest to the claimed method in terms of the set of essential features and chosen as a prototype is known for restoring damaged waterproofing of building structures, including electroosmotic removal of moisture by installing electrodes made in the form of sheet iron plates, and supplying waterproofing liquid simultaneously with connecting an electric current. The electrodes are attached to opposite sides of the wall through a textile pad. The waterproofing liquid is supplied under pressure to a textile pad installed on the anode through a perforated tube installed along the anode. (USSR author's certificate No. 1583559 for the invention “METHOD FOR RESTORING DAMAGED WATERPROOFING OF BUILDING STRUCTURES”, publ. 08/07/1990, IPC E04B 1/64).

The disadvantage of this known method is the need to use gaskets and insufficiently high waterproofing efficiency. The known method does not eliminate defects in such areas of the coating that are most exposed to environmental influences, such as the joints of two surfaces of the coating slabs located at 90° to each other: the day surface of the slab and the edge of the slab in the seams, and therefore it is not possible to eliminate the defect “spalling” edges at seams." In addition, the known method does not prevent the occurrence of the defect “peeling of the surface of the slab with a depth of more than 1 cm.”

The problem to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the development of an effective method for restoring and waterproofing hard airfield and road surfaces.

The technical result achieved as a result of solving the problem is to improve the quality of waterproofing and increase the operational service life of restored hard (cement concrete, reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete) airfield and road surfaces.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of waterproofing hard airfield and road surfaces from concrete slabs includes electroosmotic removal of moisture by installing electrodes made in the form of sheet iron plates and supplying a waterproofing composition simultaneously with connecting an electric current. The seam cavities, surfaces and edges of the slabs are pre-cleaned and dried, after which an electrode with a wire is placed in the seam adjacent to the surface of the slab to be treated so that the distance from the top edge of the electrode to the surface of the slab is at least 2 cm. elastic sealing cord. Then the water-repellent composition is supplied to the day surface, after which an electrode with a wire is placed on the surface of the slab treated with the water-repellent composition. The electrodes are kept under direct current until the water-repellent composition is completely absorbed, after which the polarity of the electrodes is reversed and they are kept under constant current again. After impregnation is completed, the electrodes are removed, the slab is dried and swept with compressed air, and the seam cavities are treated with airfield sealant.

It is preferable that the joint cavity is cleaned using mechanical means, followed by removal of cleaning waste, and the surface and edges of the slabs are cleaned using high-pressure water jets until the initial light gray color of the concrete is obtained.

It is preferable that the electrodes are placed in the seam “by surprise”, and the elastic sealing cord in the seam above the electrode is installed by “wedging”.

It is preferable that the wire from the electrode installed on the surface is connected to the anode, and the wire going to the electrode installed in the seam is connected to the cathode.

It is preferable that the water-repellent liquid be supplied to the day surface of the slab in an amount that ensures impregnation of the slab and the formation of a layer 3÷5 mm thick on its surface.

It is preferable that the electrode plates are placed in close contact with the mating surfaces.

It is preferable that the processing of slabs whose overall dimensions exceed 3.75×5 m is carried out in parts, including one of the cleaned seams and the adjacent area of the day surface of the slab with a width of 1.50÷3.50 m and a length equal to the adjacent cleaned seam.

It is also preferable that the electrodes are connected to the wire using a bolted connection.

It is preferable that the electrodes are placed in the seam "off-the-cuff".

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention with the prototype showed that in all cases of execution, it differs from the known, closest technical solution:

- preliminary cleaning and drying of joint cavities, surfaces and edges of slabs;

- placing an electrode with a wire in a seam adjacent to the surface of the slab to be treated so that the distance from the upper edge of the electrode to the surface of the slab is at least 2 cm;

- installing an elastic sealing cord in the seam above the electrode;

- supplying a water-repellent composition to the day surface;

- laying the electrode with a wire on the surface of the plate treated with a water-repellent composition;

- keeping the electrodes under constant current until the water-repellent composition is completely absorbed

- changing the polarity of the electrodes to the opposite and keeping them under constant current for a second time;

- removing the electrodes, drying and sweeping the slab with compressed air and treating the joint cavity with airfield sealant after completion of impregnation.

In preferred embodiments, the invention differs from the known, closest technical solution:

- cleaning the joint cavity using mechanical means with subsequent removal of cleaning waste;

- cleaning the surface and edges of the slabs with high-pressure water jets until the primary light gray color of the concrete;

- placing electrodes in the seam “by surprise”;

- placing an elastic sealing cord in the seam above the electrode by “wedging”;

- It is preferable that the wire from the electrode installed on the surface is connected to the anode, and the wire going to the electrode installed in the seam is connected to the cathode.

- connecting to the anode a wire from an electrode installed on the surface;

- by connecting to the cathode a wire going to an electrode installed in the seam;

- supplying a water-repellent composition to the day surface of the slab in an amount that ensures impregnation of the slab and the formation of a layer 3÷5 mm thick on its surface;

- placement of the electrode plate with a tight fit to the mating surfaces;

- processing of slabs whose overall dimensions exceed 3.75×5 m, in parts, including one of the cleaned seams and the adjacent area of the day surface of the slab with a width of 1.50÷3.50 m and a length equal to the adjacent cleaned seam;

- connecting the electrodes to the wire using a bolted connection;

- placing electrodes in the seam “by surprise”.

Preliminary cleaning and drying of the day surface, joint cavities and edges of slabs in joints ensures an increase in the permeability of the concrete surface, which improves the quality of waterproofing and the service life of road and airfield pavements. Installing electrodes in the seams between the slabs, supplying a water-repellent composition to the surface, laying an electrode with a wire on the surface of the slab treated with a water-repellent composition, changing the polarity of the electrodes during the waterproofing process makes it possible to achieve waterproofing and strengthening of the treated slab of an airfield or road surface in two planes most exposed to the environment. environment - the surface and the edge of the slab in the seam of the coating (planes at 90° relative to each other) and eliminate the defect “chips of edges at the seams”.

Placing the electrodes in the seam in such a way that the distance from the top edge of the sheet iron plate to the day surface of the plate is at least 2 cm, placing an elastic sealing cord in the seam above the electrode eliminates direct contact between the cathode and the anode due to the water-repellent composition, protects against short circuits and ensures electroosmatic impregnation of concrete with a water-repellent composition.

Cleaning the joint cavity using mechanical means with subsequent removal of cleaning waste, and cleaning the bottom surface and edges of slabs with high-pressure water jets to the primary light gray color of the concrete increases the permeability of the concrete surface, which improves the quality of waterproofing and the operational life of the road and airfield pavement.

Placing the electrodes in the seam “by surprise”, and the sealing cord in the seam above the electrode “by wedging” ensures the immobility of the cord and the tightness of the seam cavity underneath and eliminates direct contact between the cathode and the anode due to the water-repellent composition.

Connecting a wire from the electrode plate installed on the surface to the anode, and to the cathode - a wire going to the electrode plate installed in the seam allows effective impregnation due to electrosmosis when applying direct current.

The supply of a water-repellent liquid to the day surface of the slab in an amount that ensures impregnation of the slab and the formation of a layer 3÷5 mm thick on its surface allows preventing the penetration of moisture into the concrete body by plugging pores and microcracks, while preventing or reducing the occurrence of corrosion of cement stone, which causes the destruction of the edges and surfaces of hard airfield pavements and prevents the occurrence of the defect “peeling of the surface of the slab with a depth of more than 1 cm.”

Placing the electrode plate with a tight fit to the mating surfaces improves the contact of the effect of electric current on the concrete surface.

Carrying out processing of slabs whose overall dimensions exceed 3.75 × 5 m in parts, including one of the cleaned seams and the adjacent area of the day surface of the slab with a width of 1.5 ÷ 3.5 m and a length equal to the adjacent cleaned seam, makes it possible to achieve uniform surface treatment slabs

The method is carried out as follows.

The joint cavities, surfaces and edges of concrete slabs of airfield and road surfaces are preliminarily cleaned and dried from sealant and other contaminants. Cleaning of the joint cavity is carried out using mechanical means (tractor plows, hooks, crack cutting machines, concrete cutters and other similar small-scale mechanization equipment) with subsequent removal of cleaning waste. Electrodes, made in the form of sheet iron plates, are installed on the day surface of the slab. An electrode (plate/plates of sheet iron) with a wire attached to a bolted connection is placed in the seam “by surprise” adjacent to the surface of the slab being processed. When installing “by surprise”, the pressure from forces acting in the vertical direction spreads in the horizontal direction, so the electrode, which has a wedge-shaped cross-section, fits tightly in the seam to the side walls of the slab under its weight. The electrode is placed in the seam in such a way that it does not reach the top of the seam by at least 2 cm. An elastic sealing cord, for example rubber, polyurethane, etc., is placed in the free space above the electrode by “wedging”, for example, rubber, polyurethane, etc. Placement by “wedging” involves placing an object in a narrow area , having dimensions larger than narrowness and depriving it of the ability to move. Industrially produced types of sealing cords for waterproofing airfield seams are used as a sealing cord. To ensure “wedging”, a cord with a diameter 15-20% greater than the width of the seam is used, which ensures the immobility of the cord and the tightness of the seam cavity underneath, excluding direct contact between the cathode and the anode due to the water-repellent composition. A water-repellent composition is applied to the day surface of the slab. The supply of waterproofing composition is carried out simultaneously with the connection of electric current. For significant dimensions of more than 3.75×5 m, the slab is processed in parts, including one of the cleaned seams and the adjacent surface area of the slab 1.5-3.5 m wide and a length equal to the adjacent cleaned seam. The waterproofing liquid is supplied to the day surface of the slab in an amount that ensures impregnation of the slab and the formation of a layer 3.0÷5.0 mm thick on its surface. A plate/plates made of sheet iron with a wire attached to a bolted connection are placed on the surface treated with a water-repellent composition. The electrode plates are placed in a tight fit to the mating surfaces; if necessary, the plates are loaded with metal objects. A wire from an electrode plate installed on the surface is connected to the anode, and a wire going to the electrode plate installed in the seam is connected to the cathode. The electrodes are kept under direct current until the water-repellent liquid is completely absorbed, after which the polarity of the electrodes is reversed and they are kept under constant current again. After completion of impregnation, the electrodes are removed, the slab is dried and swept with compressed air, and the joint cavities are treated with airfield sealant and, if necessary, sealing cord. To implement the method, water-repellent impregnations based on organosilicon compounds, including water-soluble iron salts, are used.

The proposed method of waterproofing airfield and road surfaces from concrete slabs makes it possible to extend the service life of hard airfield and road surfaces; it is much less labor-intensive and more effective compared to known methods.

The proposed method can be implemented at airfields, including existing ones, without interrupting flight operations, because the time interval for processing the slab does not exceed 2-3 hours and is quite accessible during the “windows” between flights. All preparation procedures, cleaning, cleaning and sealing of seams can also be performed during “windows” during flights, and separately from the main procedure. Since none of the procedures is “maiming” for the slab, flights can be performed both after preparation and initial cleaning, and after hydrophobization of the whole slab or part of the slab before sealing the seams. The only immutable requirement is the absence of foreign objects on the surface of the airfield.

Claims (8)

1. A method for waterproofing hard airfield and road surfaces from concrete slabs, including electroosmotic removal of moisture by installing electrodes made in the form of sheet iron plates, and supplying a waterproofing composition simultaneously with the connection of electric current, characterized in that the joint cavities, day surfaces and edges of the slabs pre-cleaned and dried, after which an electrode with a wire is placed in the seam adjacent to the surface of the slab to be treated so that the distance from the top edge of the electrode to the day surface of the slab is at least 2 cm, an elastic sealing cord is installed in the seam above the electrode, after which the feed is carried out a water-repellent composition on the surface, then an electrode with a wire is placed on the surface of the slab treated with a water-repellent composition; the electrodes are kept under direct current until the water-repellent liquid is completely absorbed, after which the polarity of the electrodes is changed to the opposite, and they are kept under constant current a second time; After completion of impregnation, the electrodes are removed, the slab is dried and swept with compressed air, and the seam cavities are treated with airfield sealant. 2. The method of waterproofing according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint cavity is cleaned using mechanical means, followed by removal of cleaning waste, and the surface and edges of the slabs are cleaned with high-pressure water jets until the initial light gray color of the concrete. 3. The method of waterproofing according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are placed in the seam “by surprise”, and the elastic sealing cord in the seam above the electrode is installed by “wedging”. 4. The waterproofing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire from the electrode installed on the surface is connected to the anode, and the wire going to the electrode installed in the seam is connected to the cathode. 5. The waterproofing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-repellent composition is supplied to the day surface of the slab in an amount sufficient to ensure impregnation of the slab and the formation of a layer 3-5 mm thick on its surface. 6. The waterproofing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode plates are placed with a tight fit to the mating surfaces. 7. The method of waterproofing according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of slabs whose overall dimensions exceed 3.75×5 m is carried out in parts, including one of the cleaned seams and the adjacent area of the day surface of the slab with a width of 1.50-3.50 m and a length equal to the adjacent cleaned seam. 8. The waterproofing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are connected to the wire using a bolted connection.