RU2800658C1 - Microprocessor-based relay protection and automation device with vacuum circuit breaker control module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering, namely to a microprocessor relay protection and automation device (hereinafter “MP URZA”). The technical result is achieved through “MP URZA” (33) having a modular design, and the modules include both modules for performing the relay protection and automation functions, and a module whose function is to control a single vacuum circuit breaker. Housing (34) houses backplane (38) and the following modules: CPU module (37), power supply module (44), vacuum circuit breaker control module (47), analog signal input module (43), and discrete signal input/output modules (51-54). On the backplane, there is a digital trunk communication bus used to exchange data between the CPU module and all other functional modules (except the power module) in the master-slave mode, where the CPU module is the master.

EFFECT: expansion of the range of tools available to “MP URZA”.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The microprocessor-based device for relay protection and automation (hereinafter MP URZA) is designed to protect the electric power system (hereinafter referred to as the EPS), namely to protect the equipment of the EPS and the distributed electrical network (hereinafter referred to as the network).

EPS includes systems for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity. From time to time, the network and equipment of the EPS are in conditions of disruption of normal operation or in emergency conditions, which can lead to interruptions in the production and delivery of electricity, as well as damage to the equipment of the EPS. In order to protect the EPS equipment with MP URZA, a signal is given to turn off the switching device, which connects the network section or EPS equipment that is in emergency mode and the rest of the undamaged part of the EPS. It is necessary to disconnect as soon as possible the section of the network or the equipment of the EPS, which is in emergency mode, from the supply of electricity in order to prevent the destruction of the EPS equipment.

The application describes a technical innovation in MP URZA TEKON 300.

When describing the claimed device and analogues, the terms used have the following meanings:

"Computer control device" (hereinafter referred to as the CPU) is used in relation to a programmable logic device (microprocessor and / or microcontroller).

"Backbone" or "main bus" - a type of communication line in which all subscribers are connected to a common communication line. The common communication line is used by all subscribers in turn. All messages sent by individual subscribers are listened to by all other subscribers connected to the common communication line, but the subscriber selects only messages addressed to him from the message stream. This type of connection is described in GOSTR 52070-2003. With regard to the claimed MP URZA, functional modules (except for the power supply module) are accepted as subscribers, and an internal communication bus located on the backplane printed circuit board is adopted as a common communication line of the trunk type.

"Connector" is used in the application in a general sense and means an appliance socket and/or plug that is intended to be connected. A “connector” can include a port, connector, clamp, terminal block, etc.

The term "control" is used in relation to the switching device and implies the switching on or off of the switching device, namely, it implies the supply of voltage of a certain polarity to the coil windings of the electromagnets of the switching device drive in order for the switching device to turn on or off. A special case of a switching device is a vacuum switch.

"Control circuit" is used in relation to an electrical circuit that includes the coil windings of the vacuum circuit breaker actuator and the cable that supplies electrical energy from the capacitors of the control device (control unit or control module) to the coil windings of the vacuum circuit breaker actuator.

"Input" or "Output" in relation to "signal" is used to indicate the direction of signal transmission at the device connector.

State of the art

The following paragraph of the description is intended to specify the type of switching device considered in the application and the type of its drive. The devices that are used to control the switching device are described.

Depending on the amount of voltage the network is designed for, it uses a switching device of the appropriate type. In networks of three-phase alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz and a rated voltage of 6-35 kV, vacuum circuit breakers (hereinafter BB) are used as switching devices.

The explosive consists of a mechanical part and a drive. As a drive in explosives, both an electromagnetic drive and a spring-motor drive can be used. However, the principles of operation of these drives are different and, accordingly, the principles of controlling such drives also differ. This application considers explosives with an electromagnetic drive.

In FIG. 1 shows known devices (described in the source [1]), designed to control one explosive with an electromagnetic drive: 1 - explosive; 2 - control unit BB (hereinafter CU); 3 - MP URZA; 4 - KRU cabinet; 5 - column BB; 6 - electromagnet of the explosive drive; 7 - cable for supplying electrical energy to the electromagnets of the explosive drive; 8 - cable for transmitting a signal about the position of explosives; 9 - current transformer; 10 - cable for transmitting the command signal "Turn on explosives"; 11 - cable for transmitting the command signal "Disable explosives"; 12 - cable for transmitting the signal "ready BU".

To control explosives 1 use BU 2 and MP URZA 3 (Fig. 1). BU 2 and MP URZA 3 are located in metal cases and interact with each other via cables. The autonomy of the BU 2 and MP URZA 3 is ensured by the fact that each of them contains a CPU in which the software is executed. The use of BU 2 [2], [3] in the control of explosives 1 with an electromagnetic drive made it possible (in comparison with the control circuits of explosives without a CU) to significantly reduce the time of switching on the explosive and the time of turning off the explosive.

All three devices (MP URZA, BU and VV) can be located in one cabinet 4 of a complete switchgear (KRU cabinet), or in one chamber of a single-sided maintenance team (KSO chamber). At the same time, MP URZA and BU are located in a separate compartment of auxiliary circuits of the switchgear cabinet [1]. KRU or KSO are used at all types of power stations and substations.

The mechanical part of the explosive has the form of three separate columns (one column for each phase), and the explosive drive, respectively, contains three electromagnets operating in parallel (hereinafter EM). In FIG. 1 shows one column 5 with one EM 6 in section. Column 5 contains a high vacuum chamber containing electrical contacts connected to the 6(10) kV busbar of the network. The supply of electrical energy from the capacitors BU 2 to the windings of the EM coils is carried out via cable 7. BU 2 controls the position of the explosive 1 by the position of the auxiliary contacts of the explosive. The signal about the position of the explosive 1 is fed to the discrete input BU 2 via cable 8. In order to control the current value in the network, a measuring current transformer 9 (CT) is installed, the signals from which are fed to MP URZA 3. MP URZA 3 generates command signals to turn on or turning off its own explosive 1, which is sent to CU 2. The command signal to turn on the explosive is transmitted via cable 10 to the discrete input "ON" CU 2. The command signal to turn off the explosive is transmitted via cable 11 to the discrete input "OFF" CU 2. In its queue BU 2 sends to MP URZA 3 via cable 12 a signal of readiness to execute the received command to turn on the explosive or turn off the explosive.

The next paragraph of the description is devoted to describing those functions of the MP URZA, which will further help to reveal how the changes made to the design of the MP URZA affect the technical result.

MP URZA is a multifunctional device, the computing and control part of which is implemented on the basis of digital devices - a microprocessor and / or microcontroller (hereinafter referred to as the CPU). The functionality of the MP URZA is determined by the application software (hereinafter referred to as the software) running in the CPU. The main function of MP URZA is relay protection (overcurrent protection, current cutoff, etc.), which consists in issuing a command to turn off its own explosive when a short circuit current (hereinafter short circuit) is detected. Unlike relay protection devices of other types (for example, electromechanical relays), MP URZA, in addition to the protection function, may have additional automation functions. The list of such additional functions is contained in the standard [4]. So, MP URZA can have the following additional functions:

- circuit breaker failure redundancy device (abbreviated as CBRF) (code in standard [4] ANSI 50 BF);

- automatic reclosing device (AR for short) (code in standard [4] ANSI 79).

Previously, these functions were performed by specific electrical devices, which is why the word “device” is present in their name. Now these functions are written in the form of software modules in the MP URZA application software. In the following, for the sake of brevity, the respective software modules designed to perform these functions will be referred to by commonly used abbreviations, namely the "protection relay" software module, the "CBF" software module, and the "AR" software module.

The developer of the substation project can supplement MP URZA with other functions not specified in the standard [4].

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a well-known control scheme for explosives, in which MP URZA and CU are used (the circuit in Fig. 2 is similar to the circuit in Fig. 1). In FIG. 2 shows additional MP URZA, which are necessary to describe the principle of operation of the breaker.

In FIG. 2 shows the following devices of the first section of buses 6 (10) kV of the substation: 13 - the first MP URZA; 14 - outgoing transmission line; 15 - explosives in the outgoing transmission line; 16 - CPU of the first MP URZA; 17 - BU; 18 - CPU control unit; 19 - cable for supplying electrical energy from the capacitors BU to the electromagnets of the explosive drive; 20 - cable for signal transmission "Fault"; 21 - cable for signal transmission "Ready"; 22 - cable for transmitting the command signal "Disable explosives"; 23 - cable for transmitting a signal about the position of explosives; 24 - cable for transmitting the command signal "Turn on explosives"; 25 - second MP URZA; 26 - third MP URZA; 27 - explosives on the input line; 28 - input line; 29 - sectional explosive between the first section and the second section of tires; 30 and 31 - cables for transmitting the breaker signal; 32 - button for disabling explosives by operational personnel.

MP URZA 13 generates command signals due to the management of operational personnel, or due to the operation of protections, or due to the operation of automation. MP URZA 13 controls the current in the outgoing line 14. MP URZA 13 generates command signals to turn on or off its own explosive 15 located in the outgoing line 14. In MP URZA 13, the execution of computational and control operations is carried out in the CPU 16. Within the application software in the CPU 16, the following program modules are executed: "relay protection", "AR", "breaker", etc.

BU 17 is designed to control explosives 15. In BU 17, the execution of computational and control operations is carried out in the CPU 18. Within the framework of the software, the CPU 18 executes the software module "control (turning on or off) the explosives" (hereinafter referred to as the "control of the explosives") and the software module " diagnostics".

BU 17 performs internal diagnostics of its software modules and hardware units and external diagnostics of the control circuit.

External diagnostics of the control circuit when using the control unit became possible, since the supply of electrical energy through the control circuit is carried out directly from the capacitors of the control unit. Control circuit diagnostics consists in checking the integrity and resistance of the control circuit to diagnose an open or short circuit. To do this, in the mode of waiting for a command from the MP URZA, short test pulses are periodically generated in the control circuit. If an open circuit or a short circuit is detected in the control circuit, a “Fault” signal is generated within the “diagnostics” software module, which is sent from the discrete output of BU 17 via cable 20 to the substation signaling to inform the operating personnel about this. The same happens when a malfunction is detected during internal diagnostics. In this case, the passage of input command signals from MP URZA 13 is blocked.

MP URZA 13 sends a command signal for the first inclusion of explosives 15 only after it receives a signal via cable 21 that BU 17 is ready for operation. The ready signal confirms that the on and off capacitors are charged, and the diagnostics did not reveal any faults.

The next paragraph is devoted to the disconnection of explosives as a result of the operation of protections.

If MP URZA 13 has detected a short-circuit current in the outgoing line 14, in the CPU 16 within the program module "relay protection" a decision is made to turn off the explosives 15, and the command signal to turn off the explosives is sent via cable 22 to BU 17. In BU 17 within the software module "explosive control" makes the final decision to turn off the explosive 15. To do this, the following conditions must be met:

- a command signal was received to turn off explosives from MP URZA 13;

- a signal was received via cable 23, confirming the absence of blocking of explosives 15;

- confirmation of full charging of the cut-off capacitors built into control unit 17 has been received;

- confirmation is received that there is no short circuit or open circuit in the control circuit;

- confirmation was received that the minimum duration of the command signal to turn off the explosive at the discrete input "OFF" of the control unit is at least 5 ms in order to exclude a false signal from impulse noise in the connecting cable 22. If the signal is shorter, the signal will be ignored by the control unit 17.

When the above conditions are met, the CPU 18 (highlighted in gray in Fig. 2) makes the final decision to turn off the explosives 15. The explosives 15 are turned off by supplying negative polarity voltage to the EM coils via cable 19. For this, the accumulated electrical energy of the trip capacitors built into the control unit is used.

After the BB 15 is turned off, the current supply in the outgoing line 14 will stop.

The next paragraph is devoted to the inclusion of explosives as a result of the operation of automation.

After a certain period of time, MP URZA 13, within the framework of the program module "AR", generates a command signal to re-enable the explosive 15, which is sent via cable 24 to the control unit 17. outgoing line 14.

In BU 17, within the framework of the program module "control of explosives", the final decision is made to turn on explosives 15. For this, the following conditions must be met:

- a command signal was received to turn on the explosive from MP URZA 13 and there is no command signal to turn off the explosive at the discrete input of the control unit;

- a signal was received via cable 23 confirming the disconnected position of the explosive and the absence of blocking of the explosive;

- confirmation of full charging of the on-capacitors and off-capacitors built into control unit 17 has been received;

- confirmation is received that there is no short circuit or open circuit in the control circuit;

- confirmation was received that the minimum duration of the signal to turn on the explosive at the discrete input "ON" of the control unit is at least 5 ms in order to exclude a false signal from impulse noise in the connecting cable 24. If the signal is shorter, the signal will be ignored by the control unit 17.

When the above conditions are met, the final decision is made in the CPU 18 of the control unit 17 to turn on the explosive 15. The inclusion of the explosive 15 is ensured by applying a positive polarity voltage to the EM coils via cable 19. For this, the accumulated electrical energy built into the control unit of the switching capacitors is used. After the BB 15 turns on, the current supply in the outgoing line 14 will resume. If during the time during which the explosive 15 was turned off, the short circuit in the outgoing line 14 eliminated itself (a short-term emergency), the supply of electricity through the outgoing line 14 will continue. If MP URZA 13 again fixes the short circuit current in the outgoing line 14 (established emergency situation) in MP URZA 13, within the framework of the program module "relay protection", a command signal will be generated to turn off its own explosive 15.

The next paragraph is devoted to the formation of the output signal of the breaker in the MP URZA.

If, after a certain period of time after the signal was sent to turn off the explosives 15, MP URZA 13 continues to record the short-circuit current in the outgoing line 14, then we can talk about the failure of the explosives. In this case MP URZA 13 within the framework of the software module "RCF" generates the output signal of the CRC. The breaker failure output signal is designed to turn off switching devices adjacent to the failed one, i.e. those switching devices must be disconnected through which the short circuit point is fed (switching devices from the side of the power sources). The use of breaker failure is due to increased requirements for breaking the short-circuit current in the shortest period of time. However, MP URZA 13 sends the breaker failure output signal after a certain time delay (0.3-0.4 s), which is necessary in order to enable its own explosive 15 to operate. speed and selectivity, namely, it is necessary to disconnect the section of the network with a short circuit as soon as possible and, at the same time, not to disconnect unnecessary switching devices. As an example, in FIG. 2 shows three MP URZA at one substation, namely the first MP URZA 13, the second MP URZA 25 and the third MP URZA 26. The first MP URZA 13 generates a command signal to turn off the explosive 15 in the outgoing line 14. The second MP URZA 25 generates a command signal to disabling explosives 27 on line 28 input of the first section of tires. The third MP URZA 26 generates a command signal to turn off the sectional explosive 29, which is designed to switch the first section of tires with the second section of tires. BB 27 and BB 29 are adjacent to the failed BB 15, since the short circuit point is fed through them. The output signal of the URZA 13 is sent by the first MP URZA 13 via cable 30 to the second MP URZA 25 and via cable 31 to the third MP URZA 26. The second MP URZA 25 and the third MP URZA 26 turn off adjacent explosives and block their own functions "AR" or "AVR" (automatic input of the reserve).

Advantages of the control scheme of explosives, in which MP URZA and CU are used, made as separate microprocessor devices (as in the source [1]):

- The use of BU significantly reduced the time of operation of explosives.

- The use of the control unit made it possible to carry out diagnostics of the control circuit, since the supply of electrical energy through the control circuit is carried out directly from the capacitors of the control unit.

- In some control units [5], a button 32 is provided for turning off the explosive by operational personnel. The "OFF" button 32 is located on the front panel of the control unit. Button "OFF" 32 is connected in parallel with the discrete input "OFF" in BU 17, which is intended for command signal from MP URZA. The shutdown command initiated by the operating personnel by pressing the "OFF" button 32 enters the CPU 18 of the control unit, has the highest priority and is executed regardless of the commands from the MP URZA. Therefore, if during the normal operation of the network or equipment of the EPS, a malfunction of the MP URZA was revealed, then the operating personnel can disconnect the explosive from button 32 on the front panel of the control unit.

Disadvantages of the explosive control circuit, which uses MP URZA and CU, made as separate microprocessor devices (as in the source [1]):

- The breaker off time is not the minimum possible time that could be achieved. MP URZA and BU are interconnected by cables, so when sending a command to turn off the explosives via cable 22, the loss of time occurs twice. The first time loss of time (5-6 ms) occurs at the discrete output of the MP URZA. The second time loss of time occurs when a command is received by the CPU 18 of the control unit 17, which starts working with this command after 5 ms in order to exclude its falsehood from induced impulse noise on the cable 22.

- The breaker failure time is not the minimum possible time that could be achieved. Not only BB, but also BU can refuse such a scheme, i.e. The breaker failure signal in such a circuit is formed not only in case of failure of the explosive, but also in case of failure of the control unit. Despite the fact that the CU performs a significant number of operations (internal diagnostics, diagnostics of the control circuit, controls the position of the explosive, makes the final decision on turning the explosive on or off), MP URZA does not have information about the results of these operations. Therefore, if the MP URZA continues to record the short circuit current after the command to turn off the explosive is sent, regardless of what failed (VV or CU), the MP URZA does exactly the same as if the explosive had failed, namely , generates the output signal of the breaker after a time delay (0.3-0.4 s), which is provided for turning off the explosive. The absence of feedback from the explosive and the control unit to the MP URZA leads to the fact that the time delay after which the breaker failure signal is generated is selected as long as possible in order to ensure guaranteed operation of its own explosive.

Description of analogues.

Known vacuum recloser PBA/TEL containing switching module series OSM/TEL, which is controlled by a control cabinet series RC/TEL with microprocessor relay protection and automation [6] (Tavrida Electric). The photo of the RC / TEL series control cabinet shows that the microprocessor module located in it (in terms of functionality, this is MP URZA) and the control module (in terms of functionality, this is a control unit) are connected to each other by means of cables. The content and functionality of the “RC/TEL series control cabinet” [6] are similar to the content and functionality of the “auxiliary circuit compartment of the D-12 R switchgear cabinet” [1], which is described in the “Prior Art” section of this description. The technical description of the PBA/TEL recloser states that the internal disconnection time of the explosive is no more than 30 ms, and the total disconnection time is no more than 40 ms.

Devices FS-CM_CM_15_5 (Tavrida Electric Company) and By/AST-21 (Aster Electro Company) are known, the functionality of which includes the functionality of two devices: MP URZA and BU. In fact, the known devices are designed to perform all the same functions as the claimed MP URZA (TekonGroup company), in the design of which the explosive control module is built. However, for well-known devices, manufacturers used the name "Vacuum circuit breaker control unit (module)," while TeconGroup uses the name "Relay protection and automation device" for the claimed device. Therefore, we do not use these known devices as a prototype for the claimed device.

Known control module vacuum circuit breaker FS-CM_CM_15_5 [7]. Known control module explosives is a device that combines in one housing microprocessor relay protection and control unit explosives. There is no description of the internal design of the device and a description of its operation.

Known control unit vacuum circuit breaker By/AST-21 (hereinafter By/AST-21) [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. The well-known By/AST-21 contains the following modules located in the case:

- microprocessor protection module (hereinafter the MPZ module);

- explosive control module;

- secondary power supply 180 V DC (power supply for discrete inputs and outputs), which is part of the BB control module;

- a block of capacitor banks for turning on and off explosives;

- power supply.

The MPZ module is a multifunctional module that implements various functions of protection, measurement, control, display of information, automation, local and remote control of explosives. The MPZ module consists of several printed circuit boards that contain output connectors for connecting external circuits, a microcontroller (hereinafter referred to as the CPU), RS485 interfaces, output relays and discrete inputs.

The explosive control module contains an electromagnetic drive control bridge, an explosive drive EM control circuit and a secondary voltage source. The MPZ module generates an impulse to turn on or off the explosive and, by controlling the power bridge, connects a block of capacitors to the explosive drive. Under the control of the MPZ module, signals are generated to monitor the integrity of the EM control circuit and, in the event of an open or short circuit in the EM control circuit, information about the By / AST-21 malfunction is displayed on the panel.

Comparing the By/AST-21 control unit [10] with the RC/TEL series control cabinet [6], we can note the following advantages of By/AST-21:

- By/AST-21 can turn off explosives faster if a short circuit current is detected in the power line. In fact, there is only one CPU in By/AST-21, which controls a power bridge designed to connect capacitors to the BB control circuit. At the same time, in By/AST-21, signals are transmitted via internal buses, in contrast to the “RC/TEL series control cabinet”, in which the microprocessor module interacts with the control module via external cables, the transmission of signals through which is carried out with loss of time.

- By/AST-21 can activate the breaker failure signal faster. This is due to the fact that in By/AST-21 (in contrast to the "RC/TEL series control cabinet") two criteria now appear to activate the breaker failure signal, namely:

- current control in the power line;

- control of the position of auxiliary contacts of explosives. This criterion appeared in By / AST-21 due to the fact that the signals about the position of the propellant are received via the internal communication bus directly to the CPU. In the “RC/TEL series control cabinet”, the breaker failure signal is generated after a time delay, which is from 0.3 s to 0.4 s, while in the “By/AST-21”, the breaker failure signal is generated faster, namely the time delay after which the breaker failure signal is generated is from 0 s to 0.3 s. The source [10] states that the breaker failure time delay is 0.2 s.

Comparing By/AST-21 [10] with RC/TEL series control cabinet [6], the following shortcomings of By/AST-21 can be noted:

The By/AST-21 control unit has one CPU in the MPZ module. This CPU executes all software modules of the application software, including the following software modules: "relay protection", "AR", "breaker failure", "HV control", "control circuit diagnostics", etc. During operation, internal self-diagnosis is constantly performed in order to detect errors in the hardware or software. If an internal error or malfunction is detected, the Fault LED on the panel turns on. Depending on the internal fault, the CPU program modules and output relays may be disabled. The source [11] notes that the MPZ module complies with the general technical requirements [13], which apply to microprocessor-based protection and automation devices for power systems used at power plants, substations and in electric networks of 6-1150 kV UES of Russia. In general, the By/AST-21 product itself does not meet the requirements [13], in which, according to paragraph 3.1.1. “Hardware and software of the MP RPA must be implemented using the modular principle. In this case, independent operation of serviceable modules should be ensured in case of failures or malfunctions in neighboring modules. This should also ensure the independence of the implementation of the specified functions in the event of the loss of any of them. The By/AST-21 product does not provide for the ability to turn off the explosive in the event of a failure of a single CPU that controls the entire product.

Description of the prototype

As a prototype for the claimed MP URZA, a device of the same purpose was taken, namely MP URZA TEKON 300 [14]. The well-known MP URZA has a modular design. The housing contains the following functional modules: at least one analog signal input module; a central processor module with a CPU designed to execute an application program, which includes a relay protection software module and automation software modules; power module; discrete signal input/output modules. Also in the case there is a backplane printed circuit board, on which there is an internal communication bus of the "backbone" type, through which data is exchanged between the CPU module and other functional modules (except for the power module) in digital form and in the master-slave mode, where the module is the master CPU. Also on the backplane is a power bus, which supplies power from the power module to all functional modules. To control explosives, the well-known MP URZA TEKON 300 (TekonGroup) was used with a microprocessor control unit from other manufacturers, since the MP URZA TEKON 300 lacked the technical solutions and software implemented in the products of the control unit. The scheme of using the MP URZA TEKON 300 with control units from other manufacturers is similar to the scheme (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), which is described in the section "Prior Art". The same section describes in detail the disadvantages of such a control scheme for explosives.

The essence of the invention

The technical problem is to expand the arsenal of means of MP URZA.

In the claimed MP URZA, technical solutions are used that are aimed at the most rapid interruption of the current supply to the short circuit point in the power line or to the EPS equipment in emergency operation. This will ensure the stability and reliability of the EPS operation and prevent the destruction of the EPS equipment.

The fastest interruption of the current supply to the short circuit point is achieved due to the fact that:

- MP URZA turns off its own explosives in a time (its own shutdown time is not more than 10 ms, the total shutdown time is not more than 26 ms), which is less than the shutdown time of the explosives of known analogues;

- and in the event of a failure of its own MP explosives, URZA generates a breaker failure signal to turn off adjacent explosives after a time delay that ranges from 0.05 s to 0.2 s, which is less than the breaker failure time delay of known analogues.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that MP URZA has a modular design and contains a housing in which a backplane printed circuit board and the following functional modules are located:

- central processing unit module (hereinafter referred to as the CPU module);

- power supply module;

- at least one analog signal input module;

- discrete signal input/output modules;

- a control module designed to control one explosive device, which is designed for three-phase alternating current networks with a frequency of 50 Hz and a rated voltage of 6-35 kV and has an electromagnetic drive, while the control module contains: CPU, turn-on and turn-off capacitors designed to supply electrical energy to the electromagnets of the BB drive, the first connector intended for the cable intended for supplying electrical energy from the capacitors to the electromagnets of the BB drive, and the second connector intended for the cable intended for transmitting signals about the position of the vacuum circuit breaker.

At the same time, on the backplane there is a communication bus of the “backbone” type, through which data is exchanged between the CPU module and other functional modules (except for the power module) in digital form and in the master-slave mode, where the CPU module is the master.

At the same time, the central processor module contains a computing control unit (CPU), in which application software (hereinafter referred to as software) is executed, which includes:

- relay protection software module;

- software modules of automation;

- the software control module of the explosives, in which the final decision is made to enable or disable the explosives based on the decision to enable or disable the explosives from other software modules of the application software and data received from the control module.

The data received by the CPU module from the control module and intended for making the final decision on turning the explosive on or off in the software control module of the explosive may include the following data: on the position of the vacuum circuit breaker, on the full charging of capacitors, on the absence of short circuit or open circuit in the control circuit VV.

A microprocessor or a microcontroller can be used as a computing control device.

The control module of the explosive device may contain a third connector designed for a cable intended for transmitting a signal to turn off the explosive device, initiated by the operating personnel from the emergency shutdown button, while the computer control device of the control module must include in its software the software emergency control module of the explosive device, which is initialized in the moment when the computer control device receives a signal from the emergency stop button, and the result of which is the decision to open the vacuum circuit breaker, which is performed regardless of commands from the central processor module.

A power rail can be located on the backplane, designed to supply power from the power module to all functional modules.

List of drawing figures

Fig. 1 and FIG. 2 see in the section "Level of technology".

Fig. 3 - MP URZA with a body of standard size ¾ 19'' (rear view).

Fig. 4 - the scheme of MP URZA operation is shown (see the section "Operation of MP URZA").

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

The claimed modular MP URZA 33 contains (Fig. 3):

34 - body; 35 - corner; 36 - display and control panel (hereinafter referred to as the panel); 37 - CPU module; 38 - backplane printed circuit board (hereinafter backplane); 39 - backplane connector for functional module; 40 - end plate; 41 - printed circuit board of the functional module; 42 - guide; 43 - analog signal input module (hereinafter referred to as AC module); 44 - power supply module;

45 - connector for connecting the first power source;

46 - connector for connecting a second power source;

47 - control module explosives (hereinafter the control module);

48 - the first connector of the control module;

49 - the second connector of the control module;

50 - the third connector of the control module;

51 and 52 - discrete signal input modules (hereinafter referred to as the DS input module);

53 and 54 - discrete signal output modules (hereinafter referred to as the DS output module).

The metal case 34 (Fig. 3) has three standard sizes according to the Euromechanics standard: ½ 19'', ¾ 19'', 19''. On the side walls of the housing 34, metal corners 35 are fixed, designed for rigid fastening of the panel 36 to the housing 34 and for mounting the MP URZA in the switchgear cabinet (KSO chamber). The design of MP URZA 33 provides for three types of execution relative to the panel:

- with a panel fixed on the front side of the case;

- with a separate panel that can be fixed on a different surface than the surface on which the housing is fixed;

- without panel.

The MP URZA execution type relative to the panel is determined based on the conditions of the device location in the switchgear cabinet (KSO chamber). If the panel is used separately from the housing, it is connected to the CPU module 37 using a cable designed to exchange signals and supply power to the panel (such an implementation of MP URZA is described in the prototype [14]). Ethernet connectors are provided in the CPU module 37 and panel 36 for connecting a laptop. On the front side of the housing 34 is a metal screen. The backplane 38 has connectors 39 for all functional modules that contain mating connectors for the backplane. All functional modules comprise an end plate 40 and at least one printed circuit board 41 with electronic components and connectors for external devices and for the backplane. The end plates 40 serve to secure the functional modules in the case 34 and act as a screen designed for mechanical and electromagnetic protection of the electronic components of the module from the rear side of the case. Inside the case, top and bottom guides 42 are located for boards of functional modules. To fix the functional modules in the case, from its rear side, metal rails with holes are located at the top and bottom, to which the end plates of the modules are fastened with screws. To remove the functional module from the housing, it is necessary to disconnect the terminal blocks with cables for connecting external devices, unscrew the screws and remove the functional module. At the same time, other functional modules remain fixed in the housing. The modular design of MP URZA complies with the requirements [13] and provides the possibility of assembling MP URZA with the required number of input and/or output modules (hereinafter referred to as I/O). Any functional module can be easily removed from the housing and the removed module can be replaced with a module identical in function.

The AC 43 module is designed to receive AC and/or AC voltage signals of industrial frequency from measuring current and/or voltage transformers. The AC 43 module includes intermediate current transformers and/or intermediate voltage transformers (depending on the module version) and analog-to-digital converters. The instantaneous values of analog signals at the input of the AC module are converted into a digital code and transferred to the CPU module, where the effective value of the signal is calculated.

The AC 43 module has eight channels with a current rating of 1 A or 5 A and/or a voltage rating of 100 V or 220 V.

The CPU module 37 performs the processing of input signals, within the framework of the application software it implements the execution of the software modules "relay protection", "control of explosives", "AR", "CBRO" and other algorithms. The CPU module 37 supports the exchange of information with external digital devices: panel, PC, ACS controllers, etc.

The power supply module 44, via the power bus on the backplane, provides all the functional modules of the MP URZA with a stabilized voltage of 24 V in the operating range of changes in the operating current supply voltage. At the same time, MP URZA functions correctly when the supply voltage U _min/max changes from 65 V to 264 V AC or the supply voltage U _min/max varies from 88 V to 375 V DC. In this case, the MP URZA is powered from any two of the following sources of operational current:

- alternating (50±5) Hz current with a rated voltage of 220 V;

- alternating (50±5) Hz current with a rated voltage of 100 V;

- direct current with a rated voltage of 220 V or 110 V;

- rectified current with a rated voltage of 220 V;

Power module 44 has two similar power submodules, each with its own connector 45 and 46. These submodules are constantly working in parallel, thus providing instantaneous load transfer from a damaged power submodule to a healthy one without losing time or restarting the power module. The same is true for the case of power failure at the input of any of the submodules.

The control module 47 is designed to control one explosive with an electromagnetic drive. The control module 47 includes on-capacitors and off-capacitors, which transfer the accumulated charge to the winding of the electromagnet coils of the explosive drive. The use of capacitors as a source of electrical energy provides a dosed amount of electrical energy to the coils of electromagnets, which protects them from destruction.

The control module 47 includes the following connectors:

- the first connector 48 (galvanically isolated output), designed for a cable through which electrical energy is supplied from the capacitors to the EM of the explosive drive.

- the second connector 49 (active discrete inputs powered by an internal source of 24 V), intended for incoming signals about the position of the explosive, received from the auxiliary contacts of the explosive drive.

- the third connector 50, designed for the input signal to turn off the explosive from a remote control with an emergency shutdown button for operating personnel. The second 49 and third 50 connectors can be combined in one terminal block, as in FIG. 3.

For the correct performance of the protection function, the MP URZA must also receive a number of signals from external devices (arc protection sensors, breaker failure input signals, etc.) and form a whole range of output signals (alarm, breaker failure signals, communication with higher-level devices and ACS controllers and etc.). Depending on the project, the volume of input and output discrete signals may be different and, therefore, the MP URZA may have a different number of I/O modules DS. The DS input module is designed to convert the logical states of external devices into a digital code for transmission to the CPU module. The DS output module is designed to convert digital signals from the CPU module into a discrete form for controlling external signaling and blocking circuits.

Work MP URZA

To describe the operation of the MP URZA with the control module of the explosives, an operation scheme is presented (Fig. 4), where:

55 - the first MP URZA; 56 - outgoing transmission lines;

57 - explosives in the outgoing line; 58 - backplane printed circuit board (hereinafter backplane); 59 - internal communication bus; 60 - CPU module;

61 - control module explosives (hereinafter the control module); 62 - power bus;

63 - CPU of the CPU module; 64 - CPU control module;

65 - cable for supplying electrical energy to the EM of the explosive drive;

66 - cable for signaling the position of explosives; 67 - cable for remote control; 68 - emergency shutdown button on the remote control;

69 - second MP URZA; 70 - third MP URZA; 71 - explosives on the input line;

72 - input line; 73 - sectional explosives; 74 and 75 - cables for transmission of the breaker failure signal.

MP URZA 55 controls the current in the outgoing line 56. MP URZA 55 controls (turns on or off) its own BB 57 located in the outgoing line 56. In the case of the MP URZA 55 there is a backplane 58. On the backplane 58 there is an internal communication bus 59 of the type " trunk" (hereinafter the communication bus 59). In the manufacture of a multilayer backplane 58, known methods of shielding electromagnetic interference were used to protect the communication bus 59. The following functional modules are located in the MP URZA 55 case: CPU module 60, control module 61, power module, AC input module, DC input module, DC output module . All functional modules are connected to the backplane 58. Each functional module (except for the power module) has an interface unit (bus controller) designed to organize data exchange over the communication bus 59. Data exchange is carried out between the CPU module 60 and other functional modules (except for the power module ). To do this, the interface unit of the CPU module 60 operates in Master mode. Interface blocks of other modules (control module and I/O modules) operate in Slave mode. The interface blocks may be integrated into the CPU or may be part of another programmable logic device located in a function module. In any case, logical devices work with the data transmitted over the communication bus, therefore, further, when describing the data exchange between the CPU module and the control module, their CPU will be used. Communication bus interface 59 operates in the "command-response" mode. The transmission of signals over the communication bus 59 is carried out in serial digital form. Data transmission is carried out by messages, each of which consists of one word or two words, the purpose of which is strictly defined: command word, data word and response word. The CPU module 60 initiates serial transmission of data messages once every 156 µs (bus cycle). If the CPU module 60 initiates transmission of a command word with a "write" bit, data is written from the CPU module 60 to the control module 61 or to the output/output modules. If the CPU module 60 initiates transmission of a command word with a "read" bit, then the control module 61 or the I/O modules, upon receiving such a command word, transmit their data to the CPU module 60.

On the backplane 58 there is a power bus 62, through which all functional modules are powered by 24 V from the power supply module.

In the CPU unit, computation and control operations are performed in the CPU 63. In the control unit 61, computation and control operations are performed in the CPU 64.

The first connector of the control module is designed for cable 65, through which electrical energy is supplied from the capacitors of the control module 61 to the EM drive BB. The second connector of the control module 61 is designed for cable 66, through which the control module 61 receives signals about the position of the explosive from the auxiliary contacts of the explosive. The third connector of the control module 61 is designed for the cable 67, which connects the control module with a remote control with an emergency shutdown button 68 BB.

The functionality of the MP URZA is determined by the composition of the software modules (algorithms) of the application software that runs in the CPU 63 of the CPU module 60. The following software modules are executed within the application software:

- "relay protection", the result of which may be a decision to turn off the explosive, after which the transition to the software module "control of the explosive" will be carried out;

- "explosive control", the result of which will be the final decision to enable or disable the explosive, which will be sent to the control module;

- "AR", the result of which is the decision to re-enable the explosive, after which the transition to the program module "control of the explosive" will be carried out;

- "UROV", the result of which will be a signal to other MP URZA; etc.

The control module 61 is designed to control the explosives by supplying electrical energy to the EM of the explosives drive. The CPU 64 of the control module, in the waiting mode for a command to turn on or off the explosive from the CPU module, performs the following types of operations:

(1) Hardware-software diagnostics and diagnostics of the health of the internal components of the control module 61.

(2) BB control circuit diagnostics. Control circuit diagnostics consists in checking the integrity and resistance of the control circuit to diagnose an open or short circuit. To do this, while waiting for a command from the CPU module, short test pulses are periodically (once every 15 s) generated in the control circuit.

(3) Control the following parameters:

- the state of the button 68 emergency shutdown explosives;

- readiness of on and off capacitors for operation;

- the position of the explosives and the lack of blocking.

All data received during the execution of operations (1), (2), (3), the CPU module reads from the control module in each cycle of the communication bus.

(4) The execution of the program module "emergency control (shutdown) BB" (hereinafter "emergency control BB") is initiated at the moment of receiving a signal to turn off the BB from the button 68 emergency shutdown BB.

MP URZA 55 enables or disables explosives due to the management of operational personnel, or due to the operation of protections, or due to the operation of automation.

Activation of explosives by operating personnel.

In order for the outgoing line 56 to start supplying current, MP URZA 55 must turn on its own explosive 57, while the command to turn on the explosive must come from the operating personnel. For this, MP URZA 55 must prepare for work. To do this, MP URZA 55 checks each functional module, checks the system software, checks the application software, checks the internal communication bus and fully charges the enable and disable capacitors. The CPU 63 of the CPU unit needs to be informed that each function unit is ready to operate. So, from the control module to the CPU module, data should be received on the health of the internal components, on the health of the control circuit, and on the full charging of the on and off capacitors. After the MP URZA 55 gives a signal of readiness for operation, the operational personnel activates the command to turn on the explosive from the button on the panel, or from a portable PC, or as a result of remote control. The command to turn on the explosives will go to the CPU 63 of the CPU module, in which, within the framework of the program module "control of the explosives", the final decision on the inclusion of the explosives will be made. The CPU module 60 will send a command to turn on the BB in a message with a “write” bit to the control module 61. The CPU 64 of the control module controls transistor switches that close the control circuit with the enable or disable capacitors, depending on the command received from the CPU module. If the CPU 64 received a command to turn on the BB, it will close the pair of switches that will connect the turn-on capacitors to the control circuit 65 in order to generate a positive polarity voltage on the EV of the BB drive. To turn on the explosive, the pulse duration will be 40 ms. The intrinsic turn-on time of the explosive is no more than 27 ms, the total turn-on time is no more than 43 ms. Turning the EV on or off is controlled by the CPU module in two ways at the same time. Firstly, the position of the explosive is controlled by switching the auxiliary contacts of the explosive, the signal from which is fed through cable 66 to the discrete input of the control module. The CPU module 60 in each cycle of the communication bus reads from the control module 61 data on the position of the explosives. Secondly, the position of explosives can be judged by the presence of current in the network. To control the value of the current in the outgoing line 56, a measuring current transformer (CT) is installed, the signals from which are fed to the AC input module. The instantaneous current values in the AC module are converted into a digital code. The CPU module 60 reads the instantaneous current value from the AC input module in each bus cycle and calculates the effective current value.

If the explosive turns on, and the current of the set values is fixed in the network, then further operation of the MP URZA will be carried out in the standby mode. In the event of emergency events in the network or equipment of the EES MP URZA, it will switch to the mode of relay protection and control of explosives.

Disconnection of explosives as a result of protection operation.

In the event that the current value in the outgoing line 56 has reached the value of the short circuit current, in the CPU 63 of the CPU module, within the framework of the program module "relay protection", a decision is made to turn off the explosive and a transition occurs to the execution of the program module "control of the explosive", in which the final decision is made about turning off the VV. In order for the final decision to turn off the explosives within the framework of the program module "control of the explosives", when the CPU module reads data from the control module, the following data must be received:

- there is no blocking of explosives;

- the trip capacitors are fully charged;

- there is no short circuit or open circuit in the control circuit.

If such data is received, then in the CPU 63 (highlighted in Fig. 4 in gray) the final decision is made to turn off the explosives. The command to turn off the explosives is transmitted by the CPU module 60 with the “write” bit to the control module 61. The shutdown of the explosives 57 is ensured by applying a negative polarity voltage of 20 ms through the control circuit 65, sufficient to turn off the explosives. The intrinsic trip time is not more than 10 ms, the total trip time is not more than 26 ms. For this, the charge accumulated in the trip capacitors is used. After the BB 57 turns off, the supply of current in the outgoing line 56 will stop.

The inclusion of explosives as a result of the operation of automation.

After a certain period of time, in order to restore the power supply in the outgoing line 56, the command to re-enable the explosives is initiated in the CPU 63 of the CPU module within the program module "AR", after which a transition will be made to the execution of the program module "control of the explosives", in which the final decision on the inclusion of explosives is made. In order for the final decision on the inclusion of the explosive to be made within the framework of the program module "control of the explosives", when the CPU module reads data from the control module, the following data must be received:

- there is no blocking of explosives;

- BB is in the off position;

- the on and off capacitors are fully charged;

- there is no short circuit or open circuit in the control circuit;

- the emergency stop button is in an inactive state.

If such data is received by the CPU module, then in the CPU 63 (highlighted in gray in Fig. 4) the final decision is made to turn on the explosive. The command to turn on the explosives is transmitted by the CPU module 60 with the “write” bit to the control module 61. The inclusion of the explosives 57 is ensured by applying a positive polarity voltage of 40 ms through the control circuit 65, sufficient to turn on the explosives. For this, the accumulated electrical energy built into the switching capacitor control module is used. After the BB 57 turns on, the supply of current in the outgoing line 56 will resume. If during the time during which the BB 57 was turned off, the short circuit in the outgoing line 56 eliminated itself (a short-term emergency), the supply of electricity through the outgoing line 56 will continue.

If MP URZA 55 again fixes the short circuit current in the outgoing line 56 (an established emergency), then the CPU 63 will again proceed to the execution of the program modules "relay protection" and "control of explosives" in order to make the final decision to turn off the explosives 57.

Formation of the output signal of the breaker.

If, after a command was sent from the CPU module to the control module to turn off the explosive, data was read from the control module that the explosive remained on, and data were read from the AC input module about the presence of current in the outgoing line 56, then in the CPU module, a decision is made about the failure of the explosive. In this case, in the CPU 63 of the CPU unit, within the program module "RCP", generates the output signal "RCP". The breaker failure output signal is designed to turn off switching devices adjacent to the failed one, i.e. those switching devices must be disconnected through which the short circuit point is fed (switching devices from the side of the power sources). The use of breaker failure is due to increased requirements for breaking the short-circuit current in the shortest period of time. As an example, in FIG. 4 shows three MP URZA on one substation, namely the first MP URZA 55, the second MP URZA 69 and the third MP URZA 70. tire sections. The third MP URZA 70 disables the sectional explosive 73, which is designed to switch the first section of tires with the second section of tires. BB 71 and BB 73 are adjacent to the failed BB 57, since the short circuit point is fed through them. MP URZA 55 sends breaker signals via cable 74 to the second MP URZA 69 and via cable 75 to the third MP URZA 70. When the incoming signal from the breaker is fulfilled, the second and third MP URZA turn off their own explosives and block their "AR" or "ATS" functions (automatic reserve entry).

As a result, due to the fact that the CPU module 60 and the control module 61 communicate with each other via an EMI-protected digital communication bus 59 with a cycle of 1 time in 0.156 ms, the possibility of the fastest formation of the breaker failure signal has been achieved, namely, the breaker failure signal can be sent to other MP URZA after 0.05 s.

Disabling explosives by operating personnel from the emergency shutdown button.

The claimed MP URZA meets the general technical requirements [13], which apply to microprocessor protection devices and automation of power systems used at power plants, substations and in electric networks of 6-1150 kV UES of Russia. Including the claimed MP URZA meets the requirements of paragraph 3.1.1. [13], according to which “the hardware and software of the MP RPA should be implemented using the modular principle. In this case, independent operation of serviceable modules should be ensured in case of failures or malfunctions in neighboring modules. This should also ensure the independence of the implementation of the specified functions in the event of the loss of any of them. This requirement is implemented in MP URZA by the fact that it contains a CPU module with a CPU, in which application software is executed, which includes the software module "explosive control" and a control module with a CPU, which runs software, which includes the software module " emergency control VV". The software module "emergency control of the explosives" begins to be executed at the moment the CPU 64 receives a signal from the emergency button 68 and the result of its execution is a decision to turn off the explosives, which is performed regardless of the commands received from the CPU module. When executing the program module "EM emergency control", data on the full charging of the trip capacitors and diagnostic data of the control circuit can be taken into account. The presence of the CPU in the control module, the software of which includes the software module "emergency control of explosives" makes it possible for operating personnel to turn off the explosives with the emergency shutdown button 68. This possibility allows operating personnel to turn off the explosive when diagnosing a malfunction (failure) of the CPU module during normal operation of the network or EPS equipment.

The button 68 of the emergency shutdown of the explosives can also be used to turn off the explosives and stop the current supply to the equipment that began to operate in emergency mode, while the occurrence of this emergency mode is not associated with a short circuit in the bus, which supplies current to this equipment. So, for example, a remote control with an emergency shutdown button 68 can be placed next to the engine, the current supply to which is carried out through the outgoing line. If the engine starts to work in emergency mode, which leads to its destruction, the operating personnel can turn off the explosive by pressing button 68 and stop the current supply to the engine. In this case, the possibility of independent operation of the control module 61 allows you to turn off the BB 57 in the outgoing line without the CPU module 60, which is in good condition, but idle (does not give a signal to turn off the BB), since the network is operating in normal mode.

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Claims (5)

1. A microprocessor relay protection and automation device of a modular design, containing a housing in which a backplane printed circuit board and the following functional modules are located: a central processor module with a computing control device in which application software is executed, which includes a relay protection software module and software modules automation; power module; at least one analog signal input module and discrete signal input/output modules, at that, on the backplane there is a digital trunk communication bus, through which data is exchanged between the central processor module and all other functional modules (except the power module) in the master mode -slave, where the master is the central processor module, characterized in that it contains an additional functional module, namely the control module for one vacuum circuit breaker, designed for three-phase alternating current networks with a frequency of 50 Hz and a rated voltage of 6-35 kV and having an electromagnetic drive, with in this case, the control module contains a computing control device, capacitors, a first connector designed for a cable designed to supply electrical energy from the capacitors to the electromagnets of the vacuum circuit breaker drive, and a second connector intended for a cable intended for transmitting a signal about the position of the vacuum circuit breaker, and in the composition The application software additionally includes a vacuum circuit breaker control software module, in which the final decision is made to turn on or off the vacuum circuit breaker based on the decision to turn on or off the vacuum circuit breaker from other application software modules and data received from the control module. 2. The microprocessor relay protection and automation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the data received by the central processor module from the control module and intended for making the final decision on turning the vacuum circuit breaker on or off in the vacuum circuit breaker control software module includes the following data : about the position of the vacuum circuit breaker, about the full charge of the capacitors, about the absence of a short circuit or open circuit in the control circuit of the vacuum circuit breaker. 3. Microprocessor-based relay protection and automation device according to claim 1, characterized in that a microprocessor or microcontroller is used as a computing control device. 4. The microprocessor relay protection and automation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module contains a third connector designed for a cable designed to transmit a signal to turn off the vacuum circuit breaker initiated by the operating personnel from the emergency shutdown button, while the computing control device of the module The control unit has in its software a program module for emergency control of the vacuum circuit breaker, which is initialized at the moment the computer control device receives a signal from the emergency shutdown button, and the result of which is a decision to open the vacuum circuit breaker, which is performed regardless of commands from the central processor module. 5. Microprocessor-based relay protection and automation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the power bus is located on the backplane circuit board, designed to supply power from the power module to all functional modules.