RU2733732C1 - Method of protecting surface ship and vessel from damage by torpedo - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vessels and other watercrafts.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of protecting surface ships and vessels from damage by enemy torpedoes. To protect surface ship and vessel from damage by enemy torpedo, enemy torpedo is detected using hydroacoustic station of ship or vessel. Its coordinates and parameters of movement are determined, a counter-torpedoes manoeuvre is performed by a ship or a vessel with increase in speed and bringing the torpedo to fodder heading angles. In advance or after detection of the torpedo, a counter-torpedo network is arranged from the ship, which serves as an obstacle on the way of the torpedo movement, induced on the wake of the surface ship or vessel, or for a torpedo with a homing guidance system catching a ship or a vessel in process of evasion from it, for which a net-torpedo network is dropped over the board together with devices providing for deployment of the network in a vertical plane and towing in wake of a given recess and distance from the ship, which are a set of sinks and buoys, the network is equipped with signalling devices, which operate when the torpedo hits the network and serves to notify the command of the ship or vessel. In addition, explosive charge with remotely controlled detonating fuse after hitting of torpedo into network is broken towing cable, ship or vessel is taken to safe distance, remotely engage explosive charge and strike torpedo.

EFFECT: protection of surface ship and vessel from damage by torpedo guided on wake of ship or vessel, as well as from torpedo with acoustic homing system catching ship or vessel in process of evasion from it.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The described invention relates to methods of protecting surface ships and vessels from being hit by enemy torpedoes.

The torpedo, as a means of hitting a sea target, has a warhead with an explosive charge, on-board control and target detection systems that serve to search for a target, detect it and aim at a target, approach it at a distance from an explosive device, a power plant that ensures the operation of devices controls and movement organs, propulsion system and propulsion.

Modern torpedoes differ:

by dimensions (calibers 324, 400, 482, 533, 550 and more mm);

- by carriers - ship and aviation;

- by the way of control - homing and remote-controlled;

- by designation - anti-ship, anti-submarine, universal;

- by the type of power plant - thermal and electrical [1].

A homing torpedo has an autonomous homing system that detects a target, determines its position relative to the longitudinal axis of the torpedo and generates the necessary commands for the onboard control system. In modern torpedoes, acoustic homing systems (HSS) are mainly used, which ensure the guidance of a torpedo at a target by sound impulses reflected from it (active HSS) or by noise from propellers and operating mechanisms (passive HSS) [1].

Torpedo homing systems emit and receive sound impulses in two planes: horizontally - along the course of the torpedo and vertical - along its depth. Two-plane SSNs are used in anti-submarine and universal torpedoes, and single-plane ones are used in anti-ship ones. In this case, either a horizontal plane or a vertical plane is used, as, for example, in the under-jet SSN of the Mk45 F torpedo mod. 1 (USA), working on the wake of the target [2].

Telecontrolled torpedoes are equipped with telecontrol systems with wire or fiber optic communication lines. Control commands are generated on the carrier and sent to the torpedo in the form of electrical signals. The accuracy of the torpedo guidance depends on the errors in the operation of the sonar station (GAS) of the carrier. When approaching the target, the torpedo is switched to the target search and homing mode [1]. The use of telecontrol provides a more effective target capture of the torpedo CLS, which allows launching, knowing only the bearing to the target. The telecontrol range of modern torpedoes is 10-20 km. Telecontrol can be one-way and two-way - with feedback from the torpedo to the carrier, when the torpedo's CLS is used as a remote GAS [3].

Universal torpedoes are used both on submarines and on surface ships and vessels. They are equipped with acoustic homing systems in anti-submarine and anti-ship versions, as well as a telecontrol system [1].

Thus, the enemy can use anti-ship and universal torpedoes with homing and telecontrol to destroy surface ships and vessels at sea.

To protect surface ships and vessels from being hit by enemy torpedoes, their anti-torpedo protection is organized, which is a complex of various technical means and actions that reduce the threat of their destruction by torpedo weapons, and is provided by constructive protection of the ship or vessel, fencing it in the parking lot with anti-torpedo nets, using special towed or self-propelled guards from homing torpedoes and other measures [4]. They use devices aimed at mechanical destruction of the torpedo's body and control devices, creating an insurmountable obstacle in the path of its movement, as well as suppressing the operation of its homing and telecontrol system. Additionally, a maneuver of a ship or vessel is used to evade an attacking torpedo, which consists in increasing the speed and turning the ship or vessel away from or towards the torpedo.

For mechanical destruction of the body and control devices of torpedoes are intended means of fire destruction, for example, reactive depth charges (RSL), used in anti-submarine reactive systems (RPS) (Table 1) [5], and anti-torpedoes [6].

For the effective use of means of fire destruction, timely detection of the attacking torpedo by the sonar station of the ship is required, which, on the move, due to the noise of the propellers and the presence of the wake, does not observe objects at the aft heading angles. Therefore, fire damage is only available against torpedoes with acoustic homing systems.

To create mechanical obstacles to the movement of the torpedo, protective booms and anti-torpedo nets are used [7], but due to insufficient mobility, they are used only to protect stationary objects and basing points.

To suppress the homing and telecontrol systems of the torpedo, electronic or hydroacoustic suppression (GPA) means are used: drifting, self-propelled or towed jamming devices [8]. However, they suppress the acoustic homing systems of torpedoes and do not work against torpedoes with an under-jet homing system.

The known method of anti-torpedo protection of a surface ship using depth charges dropped from the stern of the ship or vessel, taken as a prototype of the invention. When using this method, an enemy torpedo is detected using the ship's hydroacoustic station, its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, the ship performs an anti-torpedo maneuver with the torpedo being brought to the aft course angles and the speed is increased, the points and time of the start of bombing are calculated based on the expected speed of convergence of the torpedo with by the ship from the moment of its last observation, after the arrival of the ship at the design point, a series of depth charges are dropped from the aft bomb dropping device with a given (design) time interval, while depth charges are used, equipped with a penetration device, a proximity fuse, a power source and a liquidation device, in the calculations the time of the start of the discharge of depth charges take into account the time of the arrival of the bombs in a combat state after the discharge, the depth charges are immersed to a depth corresponding to the expected depth of the torpedo stroke, for which, before the discharge, the operation of the penetration device is regulated, after the discharge wasp of a bomb into the water with compressed gas inflate a float placed in a penetration device and connected to the body of the bomb by a cable wound on a reel, the cable is unwound to a length corresponding to the required penetration of the bomb, power is supplied to the proximity fuse and the bomb is brought into a firing position, when the torpedo passes into the range of action of the proximity fuse detonates the explosive charge of the depth charge, destroys the torpedo body and / or its control devices and prevents the torpedo from entering the ship, with the help of the elimination device, after a specified time after the release, the proximity fuse is turned off, the bomb is transferred to a safe state, and its buoyancy is disturbed, and flooded [9]. However, this method of protecting a surface ship from torpedoes is based on the use of depth charges and cannot be used by all ships and vessels.

As a result, surface ships and vessels are more armed to protect against torpedoes with an acoustic homing and telecontrol system, and they have no protection from torpedoes with an under-jet homing system operating on a wake, except for performing an evasion maneuver and using depth charges.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for protecting surface ships and vessels from being hit by enemy torpedoes equipped with an under-jet homing system.

To develop a method for protecting a surface ship or a vessel from an attacking torpedo with an under-jet homing system operating on a wake, it is necessary to consider the trajectory of such a torpedo targeting the ship (Fig. 1). FIG. 1 numbers indicate: 1 - surface ship (vessel); 2 - lateral components of the wake of a surface ship (vessel); 3 - torpedo; 4 - the trajectory of the torpedo guidance to the surface ship (ship). The figure shows that the trajectory of the torpedo guidance (4) on the surface ship or vessel periodically crosses the lateral components of the wake (2) [3]. The depth of the torpedo stroke corresponds to the draft of the surface ship (vessel) or exceeds it by the magnitude of the reaction of the torpedo proximity fuse. Therefore, to protect a surface ship or vessel from a torpedo, it is necessary to set up some obstacle located along the wake, crossing the trajectory of the torpedo and towed by the ship or vessel. It is advisable to use an anti-torpedo net as such a barrier.

To achieve the objective of the invention, a method is proposed for protecting a surface ship and a ship from being hit by an enemy torpedo, in which an enemy torpedo is detected using a sonar station of a ship or a ship, its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, an anti-torpedo maneuver is performed by a ship or a ship with an increase in speed and bringing the torpedo to stern course angles, characterized in that, in advance or after the detection of the torpedo, an anti-torpedo net is set from the ship, serving as an obstacle to the movement of the torpedo, guided by the wake of a surface ship or ship, or for a torpedo with an acoustic homing system, catching up with the ship or ship in the process evading it, for which they throw the anti-torpedo net overboard together with devices that ensure the deployment of the net in a vertical plane and towing in the wake at a given deepening and distance from the ship, which is a set of weights and a buoy kov, the network is equipped with signaling devices that are triggered when a torpedo enters the network and serve to notify the crew of the ship or ship, and additionally with a subversive charge with a remotely controlled fuse, after the torpedo hits the network, the tow rope is cut off, the ship or ship is taken to a safe distance, remotely use a subversive charge and hit the torpedo.

The implementation of the method for protecting a surface ship and a vessel from being hit by an enemy torpedo is shown in Fig. 2-4:

- Fig. 2 - setting by a ship or vessel of an anti-torpedo network;

- Fig. 3 - hitting the network of a torpedo attacking a ship or vessel, and triggering a signaling device;

- Fig. 4 - hitting the network of a torpedo attacking a ship or vessel, and the use of a subversive charge.

The numbers in FIG. 2-4 are marked: 1 - surface ship (ship); 2 - lateral components of the wake of a surface ship (vessel); 5 - towing device; 6 - towing cable; 7 - anti-torpedo network; 8 - displacer; 9 - loaded; 10 - signaling device; 11 - explosive charge with a remote fuse; 12 - triggered signaling device; 13 - explosive charge triggered.

The technical result of the invention is a method of protecting a surface ship and a vessel from being hit by a torpedo guided along the wake of a surface ship or a vessel, as well as from a torpedo with an acoustic homing system that overtakes the ship or vessel in the process of evading it.

Sources of information used in identifying the invention and drawing up its description:

1. Torpedo. Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Voenizdat, 1989.511 p. P. 431.

2.V.A. Barkov, V.V. Klimov. Development of US Torpedo Weapons (Information Review). SPb .: JSC "Concern" Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor ", 2009. 44 p. P. 24.

3. V. Kurenkov. Prospects for the development of torpedo weapons of the Navy of foreign countries // Foreign military review, No. 1, 2008. P. 68-76. http://pentagonus.ru/publ/31-1-0-571.

4. Anti-torpedo protection. Naval Dictionary for Youth. T. 2. (Letters N-I) / Under total. ed. P.A. Grischuk. M .: DOSAAF, 1987.320 s, ill. S. 108-109.

5. A.V. Novikov et al. Anti-submarine missile weapons of industrially developed countries. Tutorial. SPb, VMI, 2002.47 p. S. 10-16.

6. Drobot K.V., Sorokin S.F. Complex of active anti-torpedo protection // Marine radio electronics, No. 2, 2003. P. 28-29.

7. Katorin Yu.F. Unique and paradoxical military equipment / Yu.F. Katorin, N.L. Volkovsky, V.V. Tarnavsky. SPb .: OOO "Publishing house" Polygon ", 2003. 686 p., Silt, p. eighteen.

8. Means of hydroacoustic suppression. Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V.N. Chernavin. M .: Voenizdat, 1989.511 p. P. 405.

9. Patent for invention RU 2657593. Method and device for anti-torpedo protection of a surface ship / А.А. Forostyaniy, A.V. Novikov, E.S. Pakhomov, A.V. Ledov, A.V. Chernykh, I.S. Kovalenok. M .: FIPS, 2018.Bul. No. 17.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting a surface ship and a ship from being hit by an enemy torpedo, in which an enemy torpedo is detected using the sonar station of a ship or a ship, its coordinates and movement parameters are determined, an anti-torpedo maneuver is performed by the ship or ship with an increase in speed and bringing the torpedo to aft course angles, which is different by the fact that, in advance or after the detection of the torpedo, an anti-torpedo net is set from the ship, which serves as an obstacle to the movement of a torpedo, guided by the wake of a surface ship or ship, or for a torpedo with an acoustic homing system that overtakes the ship or ship in the process of evading it, for which throw the anti-torpedo net overboard together with devices that ensure the deployment of the net in a vertical plane and towing in the wake at a given deepening and distance from the ship, which is a set of weights and buoys, the net is equipped with signaling devices, triggered when a torpedo enters the network and serving to notify the crew of the ship or ship, and additionally with an explosive charge with a remotely controlled fuse, after the torpedo hits the network, they cut off the towing cable, take the ship or ship to a safe distance, remotely use an explosive charge and hit the torpedo.

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