RU2731454C1 - Free-piston internal combustion engine with linear electric three-phase generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to free-piston internal combustion engines with high-reliability linear three-phase generator. Free-piston internal combustion engine with linear electric three-phase generator contains independently operating modules 2, 3, 4. Each module comprises two opposed cylinders 7 and 8 accommodating pistons 9 and 10 connected to permanent magnet 12. In the disclosed solution modules are fixed on the housing at angle of 120°. Between the modules there is shaft 6, on which there is a continuous inclined groove 18 for movement of spherical bodies 17. On flywheel ends flywheels 19 with projections 20 are fixed to close ignition contacts 21. At that, pistons 9 and 10 of modules 2, 3, 4 are connected by rigid rod 15 with holder of spherical body 16.

EFFECT: higher reliability and efficiency of free-piston internal combustion engine.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, more specifically to linear generators of electrical energy, and is intended for use in various industries as stand-alone energy sources or as part of combined power plants in transport engineering.

Known is a linear DC generator driven by a free-piston internal combustion engine (RU patent for utility model No. 143160, publ. 20.07.2014, bull. No. 20). The linear generator contains a housing with a stator field winding and an armature with permanent magnets located in it, which correspond in number and size to the coils or coil groups of the stator winding, as well as armature position control sensors and an electronic control system containing a number of functional blocks that provide the required algorithm for it work. The free-piston internal combustion engine (SPDVS) in it is made in the form of two cylinders oppositely fixed on the body, each of which contains a piston, a combustion chamber, a fuel injector, an air intake channel and a combustion product exhaust channel, and the pistons of the cylinders are interconnected with each other and with a common anchor rod into a single module movable along the central axis. The electronic control system of the linear generator additionally contains a unit for determining the position of the module with the module displacement sensors, made inductive or magnetic; a braking and positioning unit of the module; and a vector control system for the magnetic field of the stator winding, which includes a unit for calculating the vectors of the magnetic field and a power control unit. SPDVS is equipped with an adjustable turbocharger connected to the intake and exhaust channels and an exhaust valve installed at the outlet of the exhaust channel with an electromagnetic drive connected to an electronic control system, and each of the cylinders additionally has a device for igniting the working mixture in the combustion chambers.

The disadvantages of the known generator are: the complexity of the piston positioning system; inability to generate three-phase voltage; the difficulty of starting the engine.

Known free-piston internal combustion engine with a linear electric generator of alternating current, designed to drive a linear electric generator that generates alternating electric current, taken as a prototype (RU patent for invention No. 2150014, publ. 27.05.2000, bull. 15), made in the form of several autonomously working modules. Each module includes two oppositely located cylinders, in which pistons are located, connected to the armature of a linear electric generator (permanent magnet). Disclosed is an electronic control unit that regulates the operation of the fuel supply to the cylinders depending on the frequency deviation or the repetition period of the working cycles in the cylinders and the deviation of the electric current phase. Opposed cylinders can be combined into a common body, predominantly cylindrical. The pistons can be combined with the armature to form a common two-way armature piston. Generators of consistently operating modules can be combined for at least some of the modules.

The following set of prototype features coincides with the essential features of the invention: the engine, made in the form of several autonomously operating modules, each module includes two opposed cylinders, in which pistons are located, connected to a permanent magnet.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: the complexity of the piston positioning system; inability to generate three-phase voltage; the difficulty of starting the engine.

The invention is aimed at creating a free-piston internal combustion engine with a linear electric three-phase generator of high reliability.

This is achieved by the fact that a free-piston internal combustion engine with a linear electric three-phase generator contains independently operating modules. Each module consists of two oppositely located cylinders, which house pistons connected to a permanent magnet. In the proposed solution, the modules are fixed to the housing at an angle of 120 °. A shaft is installed between the modules, on which a continuous inclined groove is made for the movement of spherical bodies. Flywheels with projections for closing the ignition contacts are fixed at the ends of the shaft. In this case, the pistons of the modules are connected by a rigid rod to the holder of the spherical body.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the external view of the engine without a flywheel, figure 2 - section A-A figure 1, figure 3 - view from the end of the shaft with an inclined groove and balls, figure 4 - side view of a shaft with an oblique groove; Fig. 5 is a graph of the change in the three-phase voltage on the module windings.

A free-piston internal combustion engine with a linear electric three-phase generator contains a housing 1 with three autonomously operating modules 2, 3, 4. The modules are attached to the housing at an angle of 120 °. Shaft 6 is installed between modules 2, 3, 4 in housing 1 on bearings 5. Each module 2, 3, 4 includes two opposed cylinders 7 and 8, in which pistons 9 and 10 are located. On pistons 9 and 10 of modules 2 , 3, 4 a rigid rod 11 is fixed. A rigid rod 11 is connected to a permanent magnet 12, which is installed inside the stator 13 with a winding 14. On the pistons 9 and 10 parallel to the rigid rod 11, a rod 15 is fixed with a holder 16 of a spherical body 17, for example a ball. A continuous inclined groove 18 is made on the shaft 6 for the movement of bodies 17. At the ends of the shaft 6 flywheels 19 with protrusions 20 are fixed to close the ignition contacts 21 to supply voltage to the spark plug 22. Modules 2, 3, 4 are fixed, for example by bolts 23, on the body 1.

The engine works as follows.

Starting position. The left piston 9 of module 2 is at the left dead center, and its ball 17 is in the extreme left position of the inclined groove 18. The left piston 9 of module 3 is on its way to the left dead center, and its ball 17 is in the inclined groove 18 in accordance with 120 ° the location of the modules. The right piston 10 of the module 4 is on its way to the right dead center, and its ball 17 is in the inclined groove 18 in accordance with the 120 ° arrangement of the modules. Since the permanent magnets 12 do not move relative to the stator 13, the voltage across the winding 14 is zero.

The flywheel 19, rotating clockwise, with its protrusion 20 closes the ignition contact 21 on the module 2, fixed to the housing 1 by the bolt 23, and supplies voltage to the spark plug 22. A working stroke occurs in the cylinder 7 of the module 2. The piston 9 with a rigid rod 11 moves the permanent magnet 12 inside the stator 13 from left to right, inducing a sinusoidal voltage in the winding 14, creating a positive half-wave, and squeezing the combustible mixture in the cylinder 8 with the right piston 10, and with a rigid rod 15 with a holder 16 moves the ball 17 along an inclined groove 18, thereby turning the shaft 6, mounted on the bearing 5 in the housing 1, 120 ° clockwise, preventing the piston 10 from colliding with the cylinder head 8 (likewise, the collision of other pistons with the cylinder heads is prevented). The flywheel 19, with its projection 20, closes the ignition contact 21 on the cylinder 8 and supplies voltage to the spark plug 22. In the cylinder 8 of the module 2, a working stroke occurs. The piston 10 with a rigid rod 11 moves the permanent magnet 12 inside the stator 13 from right to left, inducing a sinusoidal voltage in the winding 14, creating a negative half-wave, and compressing the combustible mixture in the cylinder 7 with the left piston 9, and with a rigid rod 15 with a holder 16 moves the ball 17 along an inclined groove 18, thereby turning the shaft 6, mounted on the bearing 5 in the housing 1, 120 ° clockwise. Thus, module 2 has completed a full cycle of the free piston two-stroke engine. Each of the modules 2, 3, 4, moving their balls 17 along the inclined groove 18, rotate the shaft 6, ensuring the placement of the pistons 9 in the cylinders 7, 8 at dead points with a period of 120 °. Modules 3 and 4 work in the same way as module 2, the order of which is given above.

During the reciprocating movement of pistons with rods and a permanent magnet attached to them inside the stator and interaction with the stator windings, induces an electromotive force in them. In essence, this is the principle of operation of a free piston generator that generates electricity directly from the linear movement of the piston without intermediate mechanical links. In the proposed engine, which consists of three modules fixed on the body at an angle of 120 °, the role of positioning the pistons, preventing their collision with the cylinder heads, is played by a shaft, on the side surface of which a continuous inclined groove is made, along which spherical bodies installed on the pistons of the modules through a rigid rod with a spherical body holder, limiting the piston stroke by left and right dead points. In this case, the shaft itself acquires a rotational movement, providing, through the inclined groove and balls, the reciprocating movement of the pistons of each of the modules with a shift of 120 °. In this case, the sinusoidal voltage that is induced in the stator coil when the magnet moves in each of the modules is also shifted by 120 °, and when connecting the stator windings of the modules with a star or triangle, we get a three-phase voltage. For one revolution of the shaft, the engine makes six working strokes. The engine is started by applying voltage to the stator windings or by turning the flywheel, in this case, the pistons of all three modules are driven into reciprocating motion by its inclined groove through the balls.

The invention makes it possible to prevent collision of pistons with cylinder heads, which increases the reliability of a free-piston internal combustion engine with a linear electric three-phase generator.

In addition, the proposed invention simplifies the positioning systems of the pistons, preventing their collision with the cylinder heads; a three-phase voltage is generated; easier engine start and. This results in improved economy, environmental friendliness, efficiency and increased application possibilities in many areas of industry.

Claims (1)

A free-piston internal combustion engine with a linear electric three-phase generator, containing autonomously operating modules, each includes two opposed cylinders in which pistons are located, connected to a permanent magnet, characterized in that the modules are fixed on the housing at an angle of 120 °, between them is a shaft on which a continuous inclined groove is made for the movement of spherical bodies, and flywheels with protrusions for closing the ignition contacts are fixed at the ends of the shaft, while the pistons of the modules are connected by a rigid rod to the holder of the spherical body.

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