RU2731170C1 - Shipborne frequency-independent vhf antenna system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antenna equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the antenna equipment. Shipborne frequency-independent VHF antenna system comprises a symmetrical vibrator, nine transceiving modules, a matching device, a filter unit, first radio receiver for operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz and a first radio transmitter operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz; second radio receiver for operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz and second radio transmitter to operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz; third radio receiver for operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz and third radio transmitter to operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz; fourth radio receiver to operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and fourth radio transmitter to operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; fifth radio receiver to operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and fifth radio transmitter to operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; sixth radio receiver to operating range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and sixth radio transmitter to operating range from 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; seventh radio receiver to operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and seventh radio transmitter to operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; eighth radio receiver to operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and seventh radio transmitter to operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; ninth radio receiver for operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and a ninth radio transmitter operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz.EFFECT: higher efficiency of antenna system.6 cl, 25 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio communication and can be used to create antenna systems of the ultra-short-wave (VHF) range in a limited area of their placement in order to improve the electromagnetic environment for the operation of RES, for example, on ships and vessels. The most common to use the frequency spectrum of the VHF range are parts of the spectrum:

- the first section is from 100 MHz to 400 MHz, this section of the radio spectrum is used for short-range communication of the ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore, ship-to-plane directions, etc .;

- the second section is from 400 MHz to 800 MHz, this section of the radio spectrum is used for communication via low-flying earth satellites;

- the third section from 800 MHz to 5000 MHz, this section of the radio spectrum is used for cellular communications of the 3rd, 4th and 5th generation standards;

- the fourth section from 5000 MHz to 10000 MHz, this section of the radio spectrum is used for communication via geostationary earth satellites.

For operation in the frequency range of the first section from 100 MHz to 400 MHz, antennas are used: a cylindrical symmetrical vibrator (Fig. 1), a conical symmetrical vibrator (Fig. 2), a disc-cone antenna (Fig. 3), Eisenberg's symmetrical shunt vibrator (Fig. 4 ).

, работающий в диапазоне от 100 МГц до 150 МГц для ближней радиосвязи, который содержит два проволочных цилиндра 2 соединенные через коническую форму цилиндров к двухпроводной питающей линии 3, закреплены цилиндры 2 с использованием изолятора 4.FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical symmetrical half-wave vibrator with currents in phase in the arms

operating in the range from 100 MHz to 150 MHz for short-range radio communication, which contains two wire cylinders 2 connected through a conical shape of the cylinders to a two-wire supply line 3, cylinders 2 are fixed using an insulator 4.

1. "Ship antennas" M.V. Vershkov and O.B. Peacemaking. - L :, ed. "Shipbuilding", p. 188, 1990

2. "Antennas" volume 1, Karl Rothammel - M; ed. Danvel, p. 43.2005.

плеча вибратора следующими соотношениями:

; ƒ₀=С/λ₀, где С - скорость света (3⋅10⁸, м/с). Режим работы с параметрами

; ƒ₀=C/λ₀ называется режимом собственной длины волны. Коэффициент перекрытия для штыря равен 1,2. Каждое плечо симметричного вибратора настроено на среднюю частоту диапазон ƒ=125 МГц, при этом длина волны равна λ₀=2,4 м. Следовательно, длина каждого плеча вибратора

Направленные свойства симметричного вибратора с максимумом излучения в плоскости перпендикулярной к оси плеч вибратора, диаграмма направленности в виде восьмерки представлена на фиг. 1. Вопросы разработки малогабаритных антенных устройств остаются актуальными всех диапазонов радиочастот, так как эффективность излучения любой антенны зависит от соотношения между физическими размерами антенны и длиной волны. Из представленных расчетов оптимальный размер плеча симметричного вибратора равен четверти длины волны

Это наименьший размер, при котором возможен резонанс антенны, как колебательного контура, что дает чисто активное входное сопротивление и облегчает согласование антенны с фидером. При уменьшении физических размеров вибратора возрастает емкостная реактивная составляющая входного сопротивления антенны, что не позволяет эффективно передавать энергию из фидера в антенну.The disadvantages of the cylindrical symmetrical half-wave vibrator are the limited range of antenna frequencies, significant weight and dimensions. The vibrator length plays an important role in the radiating properties of the antenna. The resonant frequency ƒ ₀ or the tuning frequency ƒ _NAS = ƒ _{0 of the} antenna is related to the resonant wavelength λ ₀ and the length

the arm of the vibrator by the following ratios:

; ƒ ₀ = С / λ ₀ , where С is the speed of light (3⋅10 ⁸ , m / s). Mode of operation with parameters

; ƒ ₀ = C / λ ₀ is called the mode of its own wavelength. The overlap factor for the pin is 1.2. Each arm of the symmetrical vibrator is tuned to the middle frequency range ƒ = 125 MHz, while the wavelength is λ ₀ = 2.4 m. Therefore, the length of each arm of the vibrator

Directional properties of a symmetric vibrator with a maximum radiation in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the vibrator arms, a figure-eight radiation pattern is shown in Fig. 1. Issues of developing small-sized antenna devices remain relevant for all radio frequency ranges, since the radiation efficiency of any antenna depends on the ratio between the physical dimensions of the antenna and the wavelength. From the calculations presented, the optimal arm size of a symmetrical vibrator is equal to a quarter of the wavelength

This is the smallest size at which resonance of the antenna as an oscillatory circuit is possible, which gives a purely active input impedance and facilitates matching the antenna with the feeder. With a decrease in the physical dimensions of the vibrator, the capacitive reactive component of the input impedance of the antenna increases, which does not allow for efficient transmission of energy from the feeder to the antenna.

λ₀=С/ƒ₀. Направленные свойства биконического вибратора с максимумом излучения в плоскости перпендикулярной к оси плеч вибратора, диаграмма направленности в виде восьмерки Направленные свойства биконического вибратора с максимумом излучения в плоскости перпендикулярной к оси плеч вибратора, диаграмма направленности в виде восьмерки представлена на фиг. 2. («Антенны» том 1, Карл Ротхаммель - М; изд. Данвел, с. 195. 2005 г.)FIG. 2 shows a biconical vibrator, which operates in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 400 MHz for short-range radio communication, where 1 is the arms of the biconical vibrator, two-wire line 2, which provides connection of the generator, the conicity is determined by the angle θ, and the arm length corresponds to the average frequency of the operating range ƒ ₀ = 250 MHz,

λ ₀ = С / ƒ ₀ . Directional properties of a biconical vibrator with a maximum radiation in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the vibrator arms, a figure-eight directivity pattern Directional properties of a biconical vibrator with a maximum radiation in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the vibrator arms, a figure-eight radiation pattern is shown in Fig. 2. ("Antennas" volume 1, Karl Rothammel - M; published by Danvel, p. 195, 2005)

определяется средней частотой настройки антенны или ƒ₀=125 МГц, откуда

λ₀=С/ƒ₀. Направленные свойства дискоконусной антенны с максимумом излучения в плоскости диска, диаграмма направленности в виде восьмерки представлена на фиг. 3. («Антенны» часть 2, под редакцией Ю.К. Муравьева - Л; изд. ВКАС, с. 33, 1963 г.)FIG. 3 shows a disc-cone antenna, which operates in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 150 MHz for short-range radio communications, where 1 is a disk, 2 is an insulator, 3 is a cone connected to body 4, the latter provides structural rigidity, and a coaxial power cable is located inside body 4 antennas; the antenna has a stiff structure, but a limited operating frequency range; cone length

is determined by the average tuning frequency of the antenna or ƒ ₀ = 125 MHz, whence

λ ₀ = С / ƒ ₀ . Directional properties of a disc-cone antenna with a maximum radiation in the plane of the disk, a figure-eight radiation pattern is shown in Fig. 3. ("Antennas" part 2, edited by Yu.K. Muravyov - L; ed. VKAS, p. 33, 1963)

определена средней частотой настройки антенны или ƒ₀=250 МГц, откуда

λ₀=С/ƒ₀. Направленные свойства вибратора с максимумом излучения в плоскости перпендикулярной к оси плеч вибратора, диаграмма направленности в виде восьмерки.FIG. 4 shows a symmetrical Eisenberg shunt vibrator, which operates in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 400 MHz for short-range radio communications, where 1 is the arm of the symmetrical vibrator, which is a wire cylindrical shape, the vibrators are connected by shunts 2 and 3; in the central part, the shunts are connected to the support 4; shoulder length

is determined by the average tuning frequency of the antenna or ƒ ₀ = 250 MHz, whence

λ ₀ = С / ƒ ₀ . Directional properties of a vibrator with a maximum radiation in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the vibrator arms, a figure-eight directivity pattern.

FIG. 5 shows a two-way log-spiral conical antenna operating in the range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz for radio communication via low-flying satellites, where 1 is the first antenna log spiral connected on one side to terminal 5 and grounded on the opposite side, 2 - the second antenna log spiral connected to on one side with terminal 4 and grounded on the opposite side, 3 - tapered surface for placement of spirals, 6 - tapered surface angle equal to 10 ⁰ , to form a directional pattern within 150 ⁰ . The directional properties are shown in FIG. 5. ("Antenna" part 2, edited by Yu.K. Muravyov - L; ed.VKAS, p. 46, 1963)

FIG. 6 shows a balanced Eisenberg shunt vibrator operating in the range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz for cellular radio communication of the third generation standard, for the fourth and fifth generations in the ranges from 1000 MHz to 5000 MHz; where 1 is the cross-section of the arms of the symmetrical vibrator 3, the shunt is 2. Directional properties of the vibrator with the maximum radiation in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the vibrator arms, the directional pattern in the form of a figure eight.

FIG. 7 shows a two-mirror Cassegrain antenna, where 1 is the first mirror in the form of a paraboloid of revolution, 2 is the second mirror in the form of a hyperboloid of revolution, 3 is a horn feed of a hyperboloid 2, directional properties of a horn feed are 4; the lack of an antenna in the significant dimensions of the first mirror - from 1.2 meters to 1.8 meters and the need to have a system for directing a sharp radiation pattern to a geostationary satellite.

FIG. 8 shows the antenna complex "Standard-A" with a Cassegrain antenna (paraboloid) with the dimensions of the first mirror - from 1.2 meters to 1.8 meters, operating on ships in the ship rescue system at sea in the range of 1535-1543 MHz reception and 1636 transmission -1645 MHz via a geostationary satellite, to ensure stabilization on board a vessel vibrating from sea waves, the weight of the antenna complex is 3000 kg; the stabilization system has two degrees of freedom, formed on two frames with mutually perpendicular axes: the axis of trim and the axis of roll; to hold the paraboloid in a vertical position, a counterweight placed in the cylinder is used, however, the cylinder limits the angles of deflection of the counterweight, which reduces the operation of the Standard-A antenna complex in the sea wave range. It has a sharp radiation pattern with a directional coefficient from 1000 to 10000. ("Ship antennas" by M.V. Vershkov and O.B. Mirotvorskiy. - L :, ed. "Shipbuilding", p. 206, 1990)

FIG. 9 satellite dish for individual use, operates in the range from 8 to 12 GHz. The antenna contains 1 - a paraboloid of rotation, 2 - a converter with an integral feed, 3 - a power cable and 4 - a converter mount. For example, a satellite converter (LNB) is a receiver that combines a low noise amplifier (LNA) of a signal received from a satellite and a downconverter and polarizer. The converter is installed on the feed of the satellite dish and is connected to the receiving equipment with a coaxial cable, therefore the cable is powered by the converter and, if required, the transmission of control signals.

Antennas and antenna systems are widely represented in the literature:

- "VHF antennas" G.Z. Eisenberg. - M :, ed. Svyazizdat. 1971

- "Ship antennas" M.V. Vershkov and O.B. Peacemaking. - L :, ed. "Shipbuilding", 1990

- "Antenna" part 2, edited by Yu.K. Muravyova - L; ed. VKAS, 1963

- "Antennas" volume 1, Karl Rothammel - M; ed. Danvel, 2005

и к точкам питания, подключенные через проводник конической формы 1.A symmetrical half-wave vibrator shown in FIG. 1.and containing two arms 2 in the form of wire cylinders of length

and to the power points connected through a tapered conductor 1.

The prototype and the presented antennas, and the antenna complex, have the following disadvantages:

- to cover the frequency range from 100 MHz to 10 GHz, a large number of different antenna designs are used, which makes it difficult to place carriers in limited areas that use the specified radio frequency spectrum in full;

- antennas used on ships have low band properties;

- antennas used on ships have low mass and size characteristics.

The purpose of the development of the antenna system is to create operating conditions for the ship's VHF antenna system, which reduces or eliminates the effect of the radiation of the system on the electromagnetic environment of the ship in which a lot of radio electronic devices operate due to a significant reduction in the size of the antennas; increasing the radiation power of the transmitting system due to the addition of the radiation power in space from the joint work of several emitters; reduction of weight and size characteristics for possible placement in any conditions of the upper deck of a ship or vessel. FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 shows two symmetrical vibrators, built on the basis of joint use of several coplanar lines, which made it possible to change the frequency and weight and size characteristics. And the joint use of several vibrators in one transceiver module (Fig. 20, Fig. 21 and Fig. 23) allows the combination of essential features of the claimed device to achieve the goal.

This goal is achieved by introducing the antenna system shown in FIG. 10 and consisting of N transceiver modules starting from the first module - 1 ₁ to N - 1 _N , a matching device - 2, a filter bank - 3, the first radio receiver 4 for an operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz and the first radio transmitter 5 for an operating range of 100 MHz at 200 MHz; a second radio receiver 6 for an operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz and a second radio transmitter 7 for an operating range of 200 MHz to 400 MHz; the third radio receiver 8 for the operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz and the third radio transmitter 9 for the operating range of 400 MHz to 800 MHz; the fourth radio receiver 10 for the operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and the fourth radio transmitter 11 for the operating range of 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; the fifth radio receiver 12 for the operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and the fifth radio transmitter 13 for the operating range of 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; the sixth radio receiver 14 for the operating range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and the sixth radio transmitter 15 for the operating range of 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; the seventh radio receiver 16 for the operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and the seventh radio transmitter 17 for the operating range of 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; the eighth radio receiver 18 for the operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and the seventh radio transmitter 19 for the operating range of 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; the ninth radio receiver 20 for the operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and the ninth radio transmitter 21 for the operating range of 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz; 22 - hull of a ship, vessel; while N transceiver modules, starting from the first module - 1 ₁ to N - 1 _N , are connected by a coaxial cable through a matching device 2 with a filter bank 3; the first output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the first radio receiver 4 for an operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz, and the first input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the first radio transmitter 5 for an operating range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz; the second output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the second radio receiver 6 for the operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz, and the second input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the second radio transmitter 7 for the operating range of 200 MHz to 400 MHz; the third output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the third radio receiver 8 for the operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz, and the third input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the third radio transmitter 9 for the operating range of 400 MHz to 800 MHz; the fourth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the fourth radio receiver 10 for the operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and the fourth input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the fourth radio transmitter 11 for the operating range of 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; the fifth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the fifth radio receiver 12 for an operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and the fifth input of the filter bank 3 is connected to the output of the fifth radio transmitter 13 for an operating range of 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; the sixth output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the sixth radio receiver 14 for the operating range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and the sixth input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the sixth radio transmitter 15 for the operating range of 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; the seventh output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the seventh radio receiver 16 for the operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and the seventh input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the seventh radio transmitter 17 for the operating range of 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; the eighth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the eighth radio receiver 18 for the operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and the eighth input of the filter bank 3 is connected to the output of the eighth radio transmitter 19 for the operating range of 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; the ninth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the ninth radio receiver 20 for the operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and the ninth input of the filter bank 3 is connected to the output of the ninth radio transmitter 21 for the operating range of 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz;

FIG. 11 matching device 2 containing a matching transformer Tr.1, represented by one primary winding I and a secondary winding II of N windings, while the first transceiver module 1 _{1 is} connected by a coaxial cable K to terminal "c" of the first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "D" of this first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the second transceiver module 1 _{2 by a} coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the third transceiver module 1 _{3 by a} coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the fourth transceiver module 1 _{4 by a} coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the fourth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this fourth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; N-1 transceiver module 1 _N-1 coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the N-1 secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this N-1 secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; N transceiver module 1 _N coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the N secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this N secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; terminal "a" of the primary winding of I transformer Tr.1 is connected to the coaxial cable K of the input-output "O" of the matching device 2, and terminal "b" of the primary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded.

FIG. 12 shows a filter bank 3 containing a matching transformer Tr.1 with one primary winding and nine secondary windings, as well as nine filters, from the first Ф ₁ to the ninth Ф ₉ , while the coaxial cable K input-output "o" is connected to the terminal " b "of the primary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal" a "of this primary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the first secondary winding 1 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₁ ", and the terminal "in ₁ " the first secondary winding 1 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the first filter Ф ₁ to the first output of the filter unit 3, and the second input of the filter unit 3 connected to the second input of the first filter Ф ₁ ; the second secondary winding 2 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₂ ", and by the terminal "in ₂ " the second secondary winding 2 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the second filter Ф ₂ to the third output of the filter unit 3, and the fourth input of the filter unit 3 connected to the second input of the second filter F ₂ ; the third secondary winding 3 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₃ ", and the terminal "in ₃ " the third secondary winding 3 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the third filter Ф ₃ to the fifth output of the filter unit 3, and the sixth input of the filter unit 3 connected to the second input of the third filter F ₃ ; fourth secondary winding 4 of the transformer terminal Tr.1 'and _4' is grounded, and terminal _"4" fourth secondary winding 4 of the transformer is connected via Tr.1 first output of the fourth filter F ₄ to a seventh output of the filter 3, and the eighth input of the block filter 3 connected to the second input of the fourth filter F ₄ ; fifth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal 5 'and ₅ "is grounded, and terminal" ₅ "fifth secondary winding 5 of the transformer is connected via Tr.1 first output of the fifth filter F ₅ with the ninth output of the filter unit 3, and the tenth input filterbank 3 connected to the second input of the fifth filter F ₅ ; sixth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal 6 'and _6' is grounded, and the terminal _"6" sixth secondary winding of the transformer 6 is connected via a first Tr.1 sixth filter output O ₆ to an eleventh output of the filter unit 3, and the twelfth input filterbank 3 connected to the second input of the sixth filter Ф ₆ ; Tr.1 seventh secondary transformer winding terminal 7 'and ₇ "is grounded, and the terminal" ₇ "seventh secondary winding of the transformer 7 is connected through Tr.1 first output of the seventh filter F ₇ to a thirteenth output of the unit 3, and the fourteenth input filter filters 3 connected to the second input of the seventh filter F ₇ ; eighth Tr.1 transformer secondary winding terminal 8 'and _8' is grounded, and the terminal _"8" eighth secondary winding 8 of the transformer connected through a first Tr.1 eighth output of the filter to a fifteenth output of the unit 3, and the sixteenth input filter filters 3 connected with the second input of the eighth filter Ф ₈ ; the ninth secondary winding 9 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₉ ", and the terminal "in ₉ " the ninth secondary winding 9 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the ninth filter Ф ₉ to the seventeenth output of the filter block 3, and the eighteenth input of the filter block 3 connected to the second input of the ninth filter Ф ₉ .

- длина первой линии:

- длина второй линии; α - угол между линиями. При пропускании тока по линии возникает встречный ток из-за взаимного влияния. Взаимное сопротивление R₁₂ комланарной линии может быть рассчитано по следующей формуле:FIG. 13 shows a coplanar line containing two lines located at an angle to each other, d is the distance between the ends of the coplanar line;

- length of the first line:

- the length of the second line; α is the angle between the lines. When current passes through the line, a counter current occurs due to mutual influence. The mutual resistance R _{12 of the} comlanar line can be calculated using the following formula:

коэффициент распространения;

длина волны.Where:

spread coefficient;

wavelength.

, α=10°, длина линии приобретает несколько значений: 1 см; 1,5 см; 2 см; 2.5 см и 3с м. Анализ результатов показал:FIG. 14 shows the calculations of the mutual resistance R _{l2 of the} comlanar line in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 10000 MHz for the line with the parameters:

, α = 10 °, the line length takes on several values: 1 cm; 1.5 cm; 2 cm; 2.5 cm and 3s m. Analysis of the results showed:

- in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 2000 MHz, the entire length range from 1 cm to 3 cm can be used;

- in the frequency range from 2000 MHz to 6000 MHz, the length range from 1 cm to 2 cm can be used;

- in the frequency range from 6000 MHz to 10000 MHz, the length range from 1 cm to 1.5 cm can be used.

Thus, the study of the resistance of coplanar lines made it possible to construct symmetrical vibrators with high frequency and weight and size characteristics.

, каждое плечо представляет собой последовательное соединение компланарных линий различных параметров, как по углу α, так и по длине линий

при этом правое плечо симметричного вибратора содержит последовательное соединение компланарных линий: первая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=50° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 16 мм между клеммами «Р_П»-«П_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П»; вторая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П» и второй длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П»; третья компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П»; четвертая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П» и второй длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П»; пятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П»; шестая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П» и второй длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П»; седьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П» и второй длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П»; восьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=10° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П» и второй длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П»; девятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=30° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П»; десятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П» и второй длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П»; одиннадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П»; двенадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П»; тринадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=60° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П»; четырнадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=130° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Б_П»-«А_П»; клемма «А_П» соединена с клеммой «С_П» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля 2.FIG. 15 shows a symmetrical vibrator containing symmetrically located vibrators 154 mm high each and a total width of 140 mm: the right shoulder 1 _P and the left shoulder 1 _L in the upper part connected by a common terminal "R _P " and "R _L " and connected to a central core length 140 mm of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, forming antiphase currents in the arms or

, each shoulder is a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

while the right shoulder of the symmetrical vibrator contains a series connection of coplanar lines: the first coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 50 ° between the connected line segments: the first 16 mm long between the terminals "R _P " - "P _P " and the second length 23 mm between the terminals "P _P " - "O _P "; the second coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "П _П " - "О _П " and the second length 47 mm between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П "; the third coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 47 mm long between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Н _П " - "М _П "; the fourth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 22 mm long between the terminals "N _P " - "M _P " and the second is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P "; the fifth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P " and the second is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P "; the sixth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P " and the second is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P "; the seventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P " and the second is 27 mm long between the terminals "I _P " - "Z _P "; the eighth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 27 mm long between the terminals "И _П " - "З _П " and the second length is 50 mm between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П "; the ninth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 30 ° between the connected line segments: the first 50 mm long between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П " and the second length 30 mm between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П "; the tenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П " and the second length 40 mm between the terminals "Е _П " - "Д _П "; the eleventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 40 mm long between the terminals " _EP " - " _DP " and the second is 20 mm long between the terminals " _DP " - "Г _П "; the twelfth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first 20 mm long between the terminals "Д _П " - "Г _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П "; the thirteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 60 ° between the connected line segments: the first 22 mm long between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П " and the second 30 mm long between the terminals "В _P " - " _BP "; the fourteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 130 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "V _P " - "B _P " and the second 20 mm long between the terminals " _BP " - " _AP "; the "А _P " terminal is connected to the "С _П " terminal of the coaxial cable shield 2.

, каждое плечо представляет собой последовательное соединение компланарных линий различных параметров, как по углу α, так и по длине линий

, при этом правое плечо симметричного вибратора содержит последовательное соединение компланарных линий: первая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=50° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 16 мм между клеммами «Р_П»-«П_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П»; вторая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П» и второй длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П»; третья компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П»; четвертая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П» и второй длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П»; пятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П»; шестая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П» и второй длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П»; седьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П» и второй длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П»; восьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=10° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П» и второй длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П»; девятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=30° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П»; десятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П» и второй длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П»; одиннадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П»; двенадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П»; тринадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=60° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П»; четырнадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=130° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Б_П»-«А_П»; клемма «А_П» правого плеча антенны соединена с клеммой «С_П» центральной жилы коаксиального кабеля 2, а клемма «А_Л» левого плеча антенны соединена с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля 2.FIG. 16 shows a symmetrical vibrator containing symmetrically located vibrators 154 mm high each: the right arm 1 _{P is} connected to the screen of the coaxial cable with the terminal "R _P ", and the left arm 1 _L in the upper part is connected by the terminal "R _L " to the central core of the coaxial cable, length 140 mm, for powering antenna 2, forming in-phase currents in the arms or

, each shoulder is a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

, while the right shoulder of the symmetrical vibrator contains a series connection of coplanar lines: the first coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 50 ° between the connected line segments: the first 16 mm long between the terminals "Р _П " - "П _П " and the second length 23 mm between terminals "P _P " - "O _P "; the second coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "П _П " - "О _П " and the second length 47 mm between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П "; the third coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 47 mm long between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Н _П " - "М _П "; the fourth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 22 mm long between the terminals "N _P " - "M _P " and the second is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P "; the fifth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P " and the second is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P "; the sixth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P " and the second is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P "; the seventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P " and the second is 27 mm long between the terminals "I _P " - "Z _P "; the eighth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 27 mm long between the terminals "И _П " - "З _П " and the second length is 50 mm between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П "; the ninth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 30 ° between the connected line segments: the first 50 mm long between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П " and the second length 30 mm between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П "; the tenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П " and the second length 40 mm between the terminals "Е _П " - "Д _П "; the eleventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 40 mm long between the terminals " _EP " - " _DP " and the second is 20 mm long between the terminals " _DP " - "Г _П "; the twelfth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first 20 mm long between the terminals "Д _П " - "Г _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П "; the thirteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 60 ° between the connected line segments: the first 22 mm long between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П " and the second 30 mm long between the terminals "В _P " - " _BP "; the fourteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 130 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "V _P " - "B _P " and the second 20 mm long between the terminals " _BP " - " _AP "; terminal "А _П " of the right arm of the antenna is connected to the terminal "С _П " of the central core of the coaxial cable 2, and the terminal "А _L " of the left arm of the antenna is connected to the terminal "С _Л " of the shield of the coaxial cable 2.

FIG. 17 shows the limits of variation of the input resistance of active - R and reactive - jX in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 10000 MHz for symmetrical vibrators shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. Resistance R ranges from 25 ohms to 60 ohms for the range of specified frequencies. The reactance jX varies from - 100 Ohm at frequencies from 100 MHz to 500 MHz and - 20 Ohm in the rest of the high-frequency part of the specified frequencies.

и в левой -

плечах, при этом максимум направления излучения θ⁰ зависит от высоты установки антенныFIG. 18 shows the directional properties of the dipole of FIG. 15, which has shoulders with antiphase currents: in the right -

and on the left -

shoulders, while the maximum direction of radiation θ ⁰ depends on the height of the antenna

и в левой -

плечах, при этом максимум направления излучения вертикальное.FIG. 19 shows the directional properties of the symmetrical vibrator of FIG. 16, which has shoulders with common-mode currents: in the right -

and on the left -

shoulders, while the maximum direction of radiation is vertical.

, а второй симметричный вибратор с противофазными токами

в плечах, при этом левое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с центральной жилой 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, а правое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с экранной оболочкой коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2; левое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с центральной жилой 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, кроме того, правое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с центральной жилой 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2; правое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_П» центральной жилы 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, а левое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2; правое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, а левое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля питания антенны.FIG. 20 shows an antenna module containing jointly used two symmetrical vibrators with their orthogonal arrangement in space relative to each other, and the first symmetrical dipole with common-mode currents in the arms

, and the second symmetrical vibrator with antiphase currents

in the shoulders, while the left shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, and the right shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with a screen sheath of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2; the left shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, in addition, the right shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

from the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2; the right shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the terminal "С _П " of the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, and the left arm of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by the terminal

with the " _SL " terminal of the shield shell of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2; the right shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the terminal " _SL " of the shield shell of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, and the left shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by the terminal

with the “ _SL ” terminal of the shield shell of the antenna power coaxial cable.

FIG. 21 shows the base of the antenna module with orthogonal arrangement of dipoles shown in FIG. 20.

FIG. 22 shows the directional diagram of an antenna module with orthogonal placement of two symmetrical dipoles shown in FIG. 20, it can be seen that the antenna module has an almost uniform gain in space, and the gain in any direction exceeds 10, which makes the antenna module suitable for operation in the range from 100 MHz to 10,000 MHz with objects that are completely different in purpose.

FIG. 23 shows the base of the antenna module with the simultaneous placement of four symmetrical vibrators in the shape of the vibrators of FIG. 20, while the gain of the antenna module can be increased to 100 in the direction of radiation of satellite radio lines, which will reduce the number of antenna modules operating according to the scheme shown in FIG. ten.

FIG. 24 shows the directional diagram of the antenna module with the simultaneous placement of four symmetrical dipoles shown in FIG. 23, it can be seen that the antenna module has an almost uniform gain in space, and the gain in any direction exceeds 20, which makes the antenna module suitable for operation in the range from 100 MHz to 10,000 MHz with objects completely different in purpose.

FIG. 25 shows the design features of the placement of the antenna module, from the first 1 ₁ to the last (N) - 1 _N , while the antenna module is located in the housing 1 on the flat surface of the ship, ship, and the housing of the antenna module is isolated from the flat surface of the ship, the ship by insulator 3.

The principle of operation of the device.

The development of small-sized antenna devices remains relevant for all radio frequency ranges, since the radiation efficiency of any antenna depends on the ratio between the physical dimensions of the antenna and the wavelength. The optimal antenna size always tends to equal a quarter wavelength. This is the size at which resonance of the antenna, like an oscillatory circuit, is possible, which gives a purely active input impedance and facilitates the matching of the antenna with the feeder. With a decrease in the physical dimensions of the vibrator, the capacitive reactive component of the input impedance of the antenna increases, which does not allow for efficient transmission of energy from the feeder to the antenna. When decreasing, the radiation power simultaneously decreases and therefore it is necessary to resort to joint operation of several antennas in the mode of phased antenna arrays (PAR). Considering that in the mode of power addition in space from the PAR elements, the power increases four times. Therefore, the most promising direction is the PAR elements having high weight and size characteristics and a purely active input impedance of the element in a wide required frequency band. To do this, it is necessary to find a method or device that allows matching the input resistance within the specified limits, regardless of the operating frequency of the generator. Long short-circuited lines with variable linear parameters can be and are widely used as such a device. The input impedance of such a line can be used to equalize the input impedance of the antenna being developed. It is generally known in this case, the mutual resistance of coplanar lines located at an angle to each other. In this case, the mutual resistance R _{12 of the} comlanar line is calculated according to the known following formula:

коэффициент распространения;

длина волны.Where:

spread coefficient;

wavelength.

, позволило построить совершенно новый по конструкции симметричный вибратор с высокими частотными и массогабаритными характеристиками. Вариантом такой антенны в сиде двух плеч симметричного вибратора являются антенны представленные на фиг. 15 и фиг. 16. Антенны идентичны по конструктивному построению левой и правой плеч из компланарных линий. Отличие антенн на фиг. 15 и фиг. 16 состоит в различном подключении к питающему коаксиальному кабелю. Это подключение позволяет получать совершенно разные направленные свойства для одинаковых по коструктивным особенностям антенн.FIG. 14 shows the calculations of the mutual resistance R _{12 of the} comlanar line in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 10000 MHz for the line with the parameters:

, made it possible to build a completely new design symmetrical vibrator with high frequency and weight and size characteristics. A variant of such an antenna in the side of two arms of a dipole are antennas shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. Antennas are identical in design of the left and right shoulders from coplanar lines. The difference between the antennas in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 consists of a different connection to the power supply coaxial cable. This connection makes it possible to obtain completely different directional properties for antennas of the same structural characteristics.

The antenna in FIG. 15 is a symmetrical vibrator with two arms: the right shoulder containing line segments included between the terminals: "P _P ", "P _P ", "O _P ", "N _P ", ..., " _BP ", " _AP " and left shoulder contain line segments connected between terminals "P _L", "R _L", "O _A", "H _A", ..., "B _{A", "AL";} thus in its top right shoulder terminal _"RP" and the left shoulder terminal "P _L" connected to the central conductor of the coaxial cable, and at the bottom right shoulder terminal _"AP" is connected to terminal "C _P" screen shell coaxial cable 2, at the same time, the left shoulder terminal _"AL" is connected also to the screen conductor to terminal "C _L" of the coaxial cable 2, Such parallel connection of the right shoulder and left shoulder leads to leakage antiphase currents in them, or I _P ≠ I _L. These antiphase currents of each arm create its own field, and the radiation pattern is as shown in FIG. 18. This is the case when the radiation field of the antenna provides short-range communication, for example, ship-to-ship directions. Therefore, this inclusion of the right and left shoulders becomes necessary for organizing communication in the indicated direction.

. Для понимания работы достаточно иметь описание одного плеча, например правого. Правое плечо симметричного вибратора содержит последовательное соединение компланарных линий: первая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=50° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 16 мм между клеммами «Р_П»-«П_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П»; вторая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П» и второй длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П»; третья компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П»; четвертая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П» и второй длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П»; пятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П»; шестая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П» и второй длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П»; седьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П» и второй длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П»; восьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=10° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П» и второй длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П»; девятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=30° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П»; десятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П» и второй длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П»; одиннадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П»; двенадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П»; тринадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=60° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П»; четырнадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=130° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Б_П»-«А_П»; клемма «А_П» соединена с клеммой «С_П» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля 2. Таким образом, дано полное описание правого плеча, таково по конструкции левое плечо.The structurally symmetrical vibrator in FIG. 15 represents two completely identical arms, each arm being a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

... To understand the work, it is enough to have a description of one shoulder, for example the right one. The right shoulder of the symmetrical vibrator contains a series connection of coplanar lines: the first coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 50 ° between the connected line segments: the first 16 mm long between the terminals "R _P " - "P _P " and the second length 23 mm between the terminals "P _P "-" O _P "; the second coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "П _П " - "О _П " and the second length 47 mm between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П "; the third coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 47 mm long between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Н _П " - "М _П "; the fourth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 22 mm long between the terminals "N _P " - "M _P " and the second is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P "; the fifth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P " and the second is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P "; the sixth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P " and the second is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P "; the seventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P " and the second is 27 mm long between the terminals "I _P " - "Z _P "; the eighth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 27 mm long between the terminals "И _П " - "З _П " and the second length is 50 mm between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П "; the ninth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 30 ° between the connected line segments: the first 50 mm long between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П " and the second length 30 mm between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П "; the tenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П " and the second length 40 mm between the terminals "Е _П " - "Д _П "; the eleventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 40 mm long between the terminals " _EP " - " _DP " and the second is 20 mm long between the terminals " _DP " - "Г _П "; the twelfth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first 20 mm long between the terminals "Д _П " - "Г _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П "; the thirteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 60 ° between the connected line segments: the first 22 mm long between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П " and the second 30 mm long between the terminals "В _P " - " _BP "; the fourteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 130 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "V _P " - "B _P " and the second 20 mm long between the terminals " _BP " - " _AP "; terminal "A _P " is connected to the terminal "C _P " of the shield shell of the coaxial cable 2. Thus, a complete description of the right shoulder is given, this is the design of the left shoulder.

The antenna in FIG. 16 is a symmetrical vibrator having two arms: the right shoulder containing line segments connected between the terminals: "R _P ", "P _P ", "O _P ", "N _P ", ..., " _BP ", "A _P " and left shoulder contain line segments connected between terminals "P _L", "R _L", "O _A", "H _A", ..., "B _{A", "AL";} at the same time, in its upper part, the right shoulder is connected to the screen sheath of the coaxial cable 2 by the terminal "R _P ", and the left shoulder is connected to the central core of the coaxial cable 2 by the terminal "R _L "; and the bottom right shoulder terminal _"AP" is connected to terminal "C _P" center conductor of the coaxial cable 2, at the same time, the left shoulder terminal _"AL" is connected to the screen shell to terminal "C _L" of the coaxial cable 2, Such parallel the connection of the right shoulder and the left shoulder leads to the flow of in-phase or unidirectional currents in both arms, or I _P = I _L. These in-phase currents in the arms create their own field, which has a maximum radiation in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the radiators, and the radiation pattern has the form shown in FIG. 19. This is the case when the radiation field of the antenna provides communication, for example, in the direction of ship-to-aircraft or ship-to-satellite. Therefore, this inclusion of the right and left shoulders becomes necessary for the organization of communication in the indicated directions.

. Для понимания работы достаточно иметь описание одного плеча, например правого. На фиг. 16 представлен симметричный вибратор, содержащий симметрично расположенные вибраторы высотой 154 мм каждый: правое плечо 1_П клеммой «Р_П» соединено к экрану коаксиального кабеля 2, а левое плечо 1_Л в верхней части соединено клеммой «Р_Л» к центральной жиле коаксиального кабеля 2, длиной 140 мм, для питания плеч антенны, образуя синфазность токов в плечах или

, каждое плечо представляет собой последовательное соединение компланарных линий различных параметров, как по углу α, так и по длине линий

, при этом правое плечо симметричного вибратора содержит последовательное соединение компланарных линий: первая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=50° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 16 мм между клеммами «Р_П»-«П_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П»; вторая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «П_П»-«О_П» и второй длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П»; третья компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 47 мм между клеммами «О_П»-«Н_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П»; четвертая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Н_П»-«М_П» и второй длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П»; пятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 54 мм между клеммами «М_П»-«Л_П» и второй длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П»; шестая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 23 мм между клеммами «Л_П»-«К_П» и второй длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П»; седьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 52 мм между клеммами «К_П»-«И_П» и второй длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П»; восьмая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=10° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 27 мм между клеммами «И_П»-«З_П» и второй длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П»; девятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=30° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 50 мм между клеммами «З_П»-«Ж_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П»; десятая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=17° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «Ж_П»-«Е_П» и второй длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П»; одиннадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 40 мм между клеммами «Е_П»-«Д_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П»; двенадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=100° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Д_П»-«Г_П» и второй длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П»; тринадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=60° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 22 мм между клеммами «Г_П»-«В_П» и второй длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П»; четырнадцатая компланарная линия правого плеча представляется углом α=130° между соединенными отрезками линий: первой длиной 30 мм между клеммами «В_П»-«Б_П» и второй длиной 20 мм между клеммами «Б_П»-«А_П»; клемма «А_П» правого плеча антенны соединена с клеммой «С_П» центральной жилы коаксиального кабеля 2, а клемма «А_Л» левого плеча антенны соединена с клеммой «Сл» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля 2.The structurally symmetrical vibrator in FIG. 16 represents two completely identical arms, and each arm is a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

... To understand the work, it is enough to have a description of one shoulder, for example the right one. FIG. 16 shows a symmetrical vibrator containing symmetrically located vibrators 154 mm high each: the right arm 1 _{P is} connected to the shield of the coaxial cable 2 with the “R _P ” terminal, and the left arm 1 _L in the upper part is connected by the “R _L ” terminal to the central core of the coaxial cable 2 , 140 mm long, to power the antenna arms, forming in-phase currents in the arms or

, each shoulder is a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

, while the right shoulder of the symmetrical vibrator contains a series connection of coplanar lines: the first coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 50 ° between the connected line segments: the first 16 mm long between the terminals "Р _П " - "П _П " and the second length 23 mm between terminals "P _P " - "O _P "; the second coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "П _П " - "О _П " and the second length 47 mm between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П "; the third coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 47 mm long between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Н _П " - "М _П "; the fourth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 22 mm long between the terminals "N _P " - "M _P " and the second is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P "; the fifth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P " and the second is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P "; the sixth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P " and the second is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P "; the seventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P " and the second is 27 mm long between the terminals "I _P " - "Z _P "; the eighth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 27 mm long between the terminals "И _П " - "З _П " and the second length is 50 mm between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П "; the ninth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 30 ° between the connected line segments: the first 50 mm long between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П " and the second length 30 mm between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П "; the tenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П " and the second length 40 mm between the terminals "Е _П " - "Д _П "; the eleventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 40 mm long between the terminals " _EP " - " _DP " and the second is 20 mm long between the terminals " _DP " - "Г _П "; the twelfth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first 20 mm long between the terminals "Д _П " - "Г _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П "; the thirteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 60 ° between the connected line segments: the first 22 mm long between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П " and the second 30 mm long between the terminals "В _P " - " _BP "; the fourteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 130 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "V _P " - "B _P " and the second 20 mm long between the terminals " _BP " - " _AP "; terminal "А _П " of the right arm of the antenna is connected to the terminal "С _П " of the central core of the coaxial cable 2, and the terminal "А _Л " of the left arm of the antenna is connected to the terminal "Сл" of the shield of the coaxial cable 2.

, а второй симметричный вибратор с противофазными токами

в плечах, при этом левое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с центральной жилой 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, а правое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с экранной оболочкой коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2; левое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с центральной жилой 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, кроме того, правое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в верхней его части, соединено клеммой

с центральной жилой 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2; правое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_П» центральной жилы 1 коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, а левое плечо первого симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2; правое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля питания антенны 2, а левое плечо второго симметричного вибратора, в нижней его части, соединено клеммой

с клеммой «С_Л» экранной оболочки коаксиального кабеля питания антенны. Понимание пространственного расположения модуля на фиг. 20 хорошо отображает фиг. 21, где представлено основание антенного модуля с ортогональным размещение симметричных вибраторов отображенных. А на фиг. 22 представлена диаграмма направленности антенного модуля с ортогональным размещение двух симметричных вибраторов отображенных на фиг. 20, при этом видно, что антенный модуль имеют практически равномерное усиление в пространстве, причем коэффициент усиления в любом направлении превышает 10, что делает антенный модуль приемлимым для работы в диапазоне от 100 МГц до 10000 МГц с совершенно разными по назначению объектами.In the process of developing the design features of the antenna, a large number of studies have been carried out on the parameters of coplanar lines. As a result, the ratios of the parameters of the lines were found and the input impedance of the antennas shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 is the same and shown in FIG. 17 in the form of the limits of change in the input resistance of the active - R and reactive - jX in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 10000 MHz. Moreover, the active resistance R varies from 25 Ohm to 60 Ohm for the range of the indicated frequencies, and the reactance jX varies from - 100 Ohm at frequencies from 100 MHz to 500 MHz and - 20 Ohm in the rest of the high-frequency part of the range of these frequencies. Given the wide operating frequency band from 100 MHz to 10,000 MHz, it became possible to operate one antenna in the directions of both short-range communication and through artificial earth satellites, for this it is necessary to form the required directional pattern. For this, an antenna with antiphase power supply, shown in FIG. 15 with directional properties in FIG. 18 and the common-mode powered antenna of FIG. 16 with the directional properties of FIG. 19 into a single antenna module. Such an antenna module is shown in FIG. 20. As shown in FIG. 20 antenna module contains two jointly used symmetrical vibrators with their orthogonal arrangement in space relative to each other, and the first symmetrical dipole with common-mode currents in the arms

, and the second symmetrical vibrator with antiphase currents

in the shoulders, while the left shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, and the right shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with a screen sheath of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2; the left shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, in addition, the right shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

from the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2; the right shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the terminal "С _П " of the central core 1 of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, and the left arm of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by the terminal

with the " _SL " terminal of the shield shell of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2; the right shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the terminal " _SL " of the shield shell of the coaxial power cable of the antenna 2, and the left shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by the terminal

with the “ _SL ” terminal of the shield shell of the antenna power coaxial cable. Understanding the spatial arrangement of the module in FIG. 20 displays well FIG. 21, which shows the base of the antenna module with orthogonal placement of symmetrical dipoles displayed. And in FIG. 22 shows the directional diagram of an antenna module with orthogonal placement of two symmetrical dipoles shown in FIG. 20, it can be seen that the antenna module has an almost uniform gain in space, and the gain in any direction exceeds 10, which makes the antenna module suitable for operation in the range from 100 MHz to 10,000 MHz with objects that are completely different in purpose.

FIG. 23 shows the base of the antenna module with the simultaneous placement of four symmetrical vibrators, while the gain of the antenna module can be increased to 20 in the direction of radiation of satellite radio lines, which will reduce the number of antenna modules operating according to the scheme shown in FIG. 10. And in FIG. 24 shows the directional diagram of the antenna module with the simultaneous placement of four symmetrical vibrators, while it can be seen that the antenna module has an almost uniform gain in space, and the gain in any direction exceeds 20, which makes the antenna module suitable for radio communication in the range from 100 MHz to 10,000 MHz with objects completely different in purpose. In order to accommodate antenna modules in secured elements, FIG. 25 shows the design features of the placement of the antenna module, from the first 1 ₁ to the last (N) - 1 _N , while the antenna module is located in the housing 1 on the flat surface of the ship, ship, and the housing of the antenna module is isolated from the flat surface of the ship, the ship by insulator 3.

It is known that for satellite communication the required antenna gain should be from 1000 to 10000. This value can be obtained using several cooperative modules in the PAA system. For this purpose, blocks have been developed for the joint operation of modules. This goal is achieved by introducing the antenna system shown in FIG. 10 and consisting of N transceiver modules starting from the first module - 1 ₁ to N - 1 _N , a matching device - 2, a filter bank - 3, the first radio receiver 4 for an operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz and the first radio transmitter 5 for an operating range of 100 MHz at 200 MHz; a second radio receiver 6 for an operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz and a second radio transmitter 7 for an operating range of 200 MHz to 400 MHz; the third radio receiver 8 for the operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz and the third radio transmitter 9 for the operating range of 400 MHz to 800 MHz; the fourth radio receiver 10 for the operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and the fourth radio transmitter 11 for the operating range of 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; the fifth radio receiver 12 for the operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and the fifth radio transmitter 13 for the operating range of 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; the sixth radio receiver 14 for the operating range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and the sixth radio transmitter 15 for the operating range of 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; the seventh radio receiver 16 for the operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and the seventh radio transmitter 17 for the operating range of 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; the eighth radio receiver 18 for the operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and the seventh radio transmitter 19 for the operating range of 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; the ninth radio receiver 20 for the operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and the ninth radio transmitter 21 for the operating range of 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz; 22 - hull of a ship, vessel; while N transceiver modules, starting from the first module - 1 ₁ to N - 1 _N , are connected by a coaxial cable through a matching device 2 with a filter bank 3; the first output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the first radio receiver 4 for an operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz, and the first input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the first radio transmitter 5 for an operating range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz; the second output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the second radio receiver 6 for the operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz, and the second input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the second radio transmitter 7 for the operating range of 200 MHz to 400 MHz; the third output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the third radio receiver 8 for the operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz, and the third input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the third radio transmitter 9 for the operating range of 400 MHz to 800 MHz; the fourth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the fourth radio receiver 10 for the operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and the fourth input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the fourth radio transmitter 11 for the operating range of 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; the fifth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the fifth radio receiver 12 for an operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and the fifth input of the filter bank 3 is connected to the output of the fifth radio transmitter 13 for an operating range of 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; the sixth output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the sixth radio receiver 14 for the operating range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and the sixth input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the sixth radio transmitter 15 for the operating range of 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; the seventh output of the filter unit 3 is connected to the input of the seventh radio receiver 16 for the operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and the seventh input of the filter unit 3 is connected to the output of the seventh radio transmitter 17 for the operating range of 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; the eighth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the eighth radio receiver 18 for the operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and the eighth input of the filter bank 3 is connected to the output of the eighth radio transmitter 19 for the operating range of 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; the ninth output of the filter bank 3 is connected to the input of the ninth radio receiver 20 for the operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and the ninth input of the filter bank 3 is connected to the output of the ninth radio transmitter 21 for the operating range of 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz.

FIG. 11 matching device 2 containing a matching transformer Tr.1, represented by one primary winding I and a secondary winding II of N windings, while the first transceiver module 1 _{1 is} connected by a coaxial cable K to terminal "c" of the first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "D" of this first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the second transceiver module 1 _{2 by a} coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the third transceiver module 1 _{3 by a} coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the fourth transceiver module 1 _{4 by a} coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the fourth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this fourth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; N-1 transceiver module 1 _N-1 coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the N-1 secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this N-1 secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; N transceiver module 1 _N coaxial cable K is connected to the terminal "c" of the N secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this N secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; terminal "a" of the primary winding of I transformer Tr.1 is connected to the coaxial cable K of the input-output "O" of the matching device 2, and terminal "b" of the primary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded.

FIG. 12 shows a filter bank 3 containing a matching transformer Tr.1 with one primary winding and nine secondary windings, as well as nine filters, from the first Ф ₁ to the ninth Ф ₉ , while the coaxial cable K input-output "o" is connected to the terminal " b "of the primary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal" a "of this primary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the first secondary winding 1 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₁ ", and by the terminal "in ₁ " the first secondary winding 1 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the first filter Ф ₁ to the first output of the filter unit 3, and the second input of the filter unit 3 connected to the second input of the first filter F; the second secondary winding 2 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₂ ", and by the terminal "in ₂ " the second secondary winding 2 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the second filter Ф ₂ to the third output of the filter unit 3, and the fourth input of the filter unit 3 connected to the second input of the second filter F ₂ ; the third secondary winding 3 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₃ ", and the terminal "in ₃ " the third secondary winding 3 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the third filter Ф ₃ to the fifth output of the filter unit 3, and the sixth input of the filter unit 3 connected to the second input of the third filter F ₃ ; fourth secondary winding 4 of the transformer terminal Tr.1 'and _4' is grounded, and terminal _"4" fourth secondary winding 4 of the transformer is connected via Tr.1 first output of the fourth filter F ₄ to a seventh output of the filter 3, and the eighth input of the block filter 3 connected to the second input of the fourth filter F ₄ ; fifth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal 5 'and ₅ "is grounded, and terminal" ₅ "fifth secondary winding 5 of the transformer is connected via Tr.1 first output of the fifth filter F ₅ with the ninth output of the filter unit 3, and the tenth input filterbank 3 connected to the second input of the fifth filter F ₅ ; sixth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal 6 'and _6' is grounded, and the terminal _"6" sixth secondary winding of the transformer 6 is connected via a first Tr.1 sixth filter output O ₆ to an eleventh output of the filter unit 3, and the twelfth input filterbank 3 connected to the second input of the sixth filter Ф ₆ ; Tr.1 seventh secondary transformer winding terminal 7 'and ₇ "is grounded, and the terminal" ₇ "seventh secondary winding of the transformer 7 is connected through Tr.1 first output of the seventh filter F ₇ to a thirteenth output of the unit 3, and the fourteenth input filter filters 3 connected to the second input of the seventh filter F ₇ ; eighth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal 8 'and _8' is grounded, and the terminal _"8" eighth secondary winding 8 of the transformer connected through a first Tr.1 eighth output of the filter F to a fifteenth output ₈ of the filter unit 3, and the sixteenth input filterbank 3 connected to the second input of the eighth filter Ф ₈ ; the ninth secondary winding 9 of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₉ ", and the terminal "in ₉ " the ninth secondary winding 9 of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the ninth filter Ф ₉ to the seventeenth output of the filter block 3, and the eighteenth input of the filter block 3 connected to the second input of the ninth filter Ф ₉ . At present, the operation of radio systems is carried out using a duplex exchange mode between correspondents. Duplex mode is organized based on frequency separation. For this, the frequencies of reception and transmission are assigned. Therefore, nine filters operate each in its own range, providing the allocation of frequencies for receiving and transmitting with the subsequent division of the receiving frequencies to the receiving input and the transmitting frequencies to the antenna.

For example, the filter Ф ₁ provides the selection of frequencies from 100 MHz to 200 MHz and the separation of these frequencies into reception and transmission. Thus, all filters work. The work of the cellular communication system of the third standard is known, in which reception and transmission form a common spectrum from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz. Filter F ₄ provides the selection of this spectrum from the total mixture and its division into bands: the first band - from 875 MHz to 900 MHz and the second band - from 925 MHz to 950 MHz. A geostationary satellite operating in the maritime rescue system in the range of 1535-1543 MHz reception and 1636-1645 MHz transmission, filter Ф ₇ provides operation. Therefore, the principle of operation of the filters does not cause difficulties in implementation in the frequency duplex mode of operation.

The set of essential features of the proposed device will ensure the achievement of the goal. The authors are not aware of technical solutions in the field of radio communication, antenna technology, containing features equivalent to the distinctive features of the claimed device. The authors are not aware of technical solutions from other areas of technology that have the properties of the proposed technical solution. Thus, the claimed technical solution, according to the authors, has a criterion of essential features.

Claims (6)

1. A shipborne frequency-independent VHF antenna system containing a symmetrical dipole, characterized in that N transceiver modules are additionally introduced, starting from the first module - 1 ₁ to N - 1 _N , a matching device, a filter bank, the first radio receiver for an operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz and the first radio transmitter for an operating range of 100 MHz at 200 MHz; a second radio receiver for an operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz and a second radio transmitter for an operating range of 200 MHz to 400 MHz; the third radio receiver for the operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz and the third radio transmitter for the operating range of 400 MHz to 800 MHz; the fourth radio receiver for the operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and the fourth radio transmitter for the operating range of 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; the fifth radio receiver for the operating range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and the fifth radio transmitter for the operating range of 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; the sixth radio receiver for the operating range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and the sixth radio transmitter for the operating range of 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; the seventh radio receiver for the operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and the seventh radio transmitter for the operating range of 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; the eighth radio receiver for the operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and the seventh radio transmitter for the operating range of 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; the ninth radio receiver for the operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and the ninth radio transmitter for the operating range of 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz; modules located above the hull of the ship, vessel; while N transceiver modules, starting from the first module - 1 ₁ to N - 1 _N , are connected by a coaxial cable through a matching device with a filter bank; the first output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the first radio receiver for the operating range from 100 MHz to 200 MHz, and the first input of the filter unit is connected to the output of the first radio transmitter for the operating range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz; the second output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the second radio receiver for the operating range from 200 MHz to 400 MHz, and the second input of the filter unit is connected to the output of the second radio transmitter for the operating range of 200 MHz to 400 MHz; the third output of the filter unit is connected to the input of the third radio receiver for the operating range from 400 MHz to 800 MHz, and the third input of the filter unit is connected to the output of the third radio transmitter for the operating range of 400 MHz to 800 MHz; the fourth output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the fourth radio receiver for the operating range from 800 MHz to 1000 MHz and the fourth input of the filter bank is connected to the output of the fourth radio transmitter for the operating range of 800 MHz to 1000 MHz; the fifth output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the fifth radio receiver for the working range from 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz and the fifth input of the filter bank is connected to the output of the fifth radio transmitter for the working range of 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz; the sixth output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the sixth radio receiver for the working range from 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz and the sixth input of the filter bank is connected to the output of the sixth radio transmitter for the working range of 3000 MHz to 5000 MHz; the seventh output of the filter unit is connected to the input of the seventh radio receiver for the operating range from 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz and the seventh input of the filter unit is connected to the output of the seventh radio transmitter for the operating range of 5000 MHz to 8000 MHz; the eighth output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the eighth radio receiver for the operating range from 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz and the eighth input of the filter bank is connected to the output of the eighth radio transmitter for the operating range of 8000 MHz to 9000 MHz; the ninth output of the filter bank is connected to the input of the ninth radio receiver for the operating range from 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz and the ninth input of the filter bank is connected to the output of the ninth radio transmitter for the operating range of 9000 MHz to 10000 MHz. 2. The ship's frequency-independent VHF antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the matching device contains a matching transformer Tr.1, consisting of one primary winding I and N windings of the secondary winding II, while the first transceiver module 1 _{1 is} connected with a coaxial cable to terminal "c" of the first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the second transceiver module 1 _{2 is} connected with a coaxial cable to the terminal "c" of the second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the third transceiver module 1 _{3 is} connected with a coaxial cable to the terminal "c" of the third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the fourth transceiver module 1 _{4 is} connected with a coaxial cable to the terminal "c" of the fourth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this fourth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; N-1 transceiver module 1 _{4 is} connected with a coaxial cable to the terminal "c" of the N-1 secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this N-1 secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; N transceiver module 1 with _N coaxial cable is connected to the terminal "c" of the N secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "d" of this N secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; terminal "a" of the primary winding of I transformer Tr.1 is connected to the coaxial cable of the input-output "O" of the matching device, and terminal "b" of the primary winding of transformer Tr.1 is grounded. 3. The ship's frequency-independent VHF antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that a filter bank containing a matching transformer Tr.1 with one primary winding and nine secondary windings, as well as nine filters, from the first Ф ₁ to the ninth Ф ₉ , while coaxial cable K of the input-output "o" is connected to the terminal "b" of the primary winding of the transformer Tr.1, and the terminal "a" of this primary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded; the first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₁ ", and by the terminal "in ₁ " the first secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the first filter Ф ₁ to the first output of the filter unit, and the second input of the filter unit is connected to the second input the first filter Ф ₁ ; the second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is grounded by the terminal "and ₂ ", and the terminal "b" the second secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 is connected through the first output of the second filter Ф ₂ to the third output of the filter unit, and the fourth input of the filter unit is connected to the second input of the second filter F ₂ ; the third secondary winding of the transformer terminal Tr.1 'and _3' is grounded, and the terminal _"3" third secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 connected through a first output of the third filter F ₃ with the fifth output of the filter unit, the filter unit and the sixth input coupled to a second input third filter F ₃ ; fourth secondary winding of the transformer terminal Tr.1 'and _4' is grounded, and terminal _"4" fourth secondary winding of the transformer is connected via Tr.1 first output of the fourth filter F ₄ to a seventh output of the filter unit, the filter unit and the eighth input is connected to the second input fourth filter F ₄ ; fifth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal "and _5" is grounded, and terminal _"5" fifth Tr.1 transformer secondary winding is connected via a first output of the fifth filter F ₅ with the ninth output of the filter unit, the filter unit and the tenth inlet is connected to a second input the fifth filter F ₅ ; sixth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal "and ₆ 'is grounded, and the terminal" ₆ "sixth Tr.1 transformer secondary winding is connected via a first output of the sixth filter F ₆ eleventh output of the filter unit, and the twelfth input of the filter unit is connected to the second input sixth filter F ₆ ; seventh secondary winding of the transformer terminal Tr.1 'and _7' is grounded, and the terminal _"7" seventh Tr.1 transformer secondary winding is connected via a first output of the seventh filter F ₇ to a thirteenth output of the filter unit, and the fourteenth input of the filter unit is connected to the second input the seventh filter F ₇ ; eighth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal "and _8" is grounded, and the terminal _"8" eighth Tr.1 transformer secondary winding is connected via a first output of the eighth filter F ₈ to a fifteenth output of the filter unit, the filter unit and the sixteenth input connected to a second input eighth filter Ф ₈ ; ninth secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1 terminal "and _9" is grounded, and terminal _"9" ninth Tr.1 transformer secondary winding is connected via a first output of the ninth filter F ₉ to a seventeenth output of the filter unit, and the eighteenth input of the filter unit is connected to the second input ninth filter F ₉ . 4. The ship's frequency-independent VHF antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that the symmetrical vibrator containing symmetrically located vibrators 154 mm high each: right shoulder 1 _P and left shoulder 1 _L , in the upper part connected by a common terminal "R _P " and " R _L "and connected to the central core of the coaxial antenna power cable, 140 mm long, forming antiphase currents in the arms or

each shoulder is a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

while the right shoulder of the symmetrical vibrator contains a series connection of coplanar lines: the first coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 50 ° between the connected line segments: the first 16 mm long between the terminals "R _P " - "P _P " and the second length 23 mm between the terminals "P _P " - "O _P "; the second coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "П _П " - "О _П " and the second length 47 mm between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П "; the third coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 47 mm long between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Н _П " - "М _П "; the fourth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 22 mm long between the terminals "N _P " - "M _P " and the second is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P "; the fifth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P " and the second is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P "; the sixth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P " and the second is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P "; the seventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P " and the second is 27 mm long between the terminals "I _P " - "Z _P "; the eighth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 27 mm long between the terminals "И _П " - "З _П " and the second length is 50 mm between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П "; the ninth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 30 ° between the connected line segments: the first 50 mm long between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П " and the second length 30 mm between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П "; the tenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П " and the second length 40 mm between the terminals "Е _П " - "Д _П "; the eleventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 40 mm long between the terminals " _EP " - " _DP " and the second is 20 mm long between the terminals " _DP " - "Г _П "; the twelfth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first 20 mm long between the terminals "Д _П " - "Г _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П "; the thirteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 60 ° between the connected line segments: the first 22 mm long between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П " and the second 30 mm long between the terminals "В _P " - " _BP "; the fourteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 130 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "V _P " - "B _P " and the second 20 mm long between the terminals " _BP " - " _AP "; the "А _P " terminal is connected to the "С _П " terminal of the coaxial cable shield. 5. The ship's frequency-independent VHF antenna system according to claim 4, characterized in that the symmetrical vibrator containing symmetrically located vibrators 154 mm high each: the right shoulder 1 _P in the upper part is connected to the screen of the coaxial cable by the "R _P " terminal, and the left shoulder 1 _L in the upper part is connected by the "R _L " terminal to the central core of the coaxial cable, 140 mm long, for powering the antenna, forming in-phase currents in the arms or

, each shoulder is a serial connection of coplanar lines of different parameters, both in angle α and along the length of the lines

, while the right shoulder of the symmetrical vibrator contains the sequential inclusion of coplanar lines: the first coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 50 ° between the connected line segments: the first 16 mm long between the terminals "Р _П " - "П _П " and the second length 23 mm between terminals "P _P " - "O _P "; the second coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "П _П " - "О _П " and the second length 47 mm between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П "; the third coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 47 mm long between the terminals "О _П " - "Н _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Н _П " - "М _П "; the fourth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 22 mm long between the terminals "N _P " - "M _P " and the second is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P "; the fifth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 54 mm long between the terminals "M _P " - "L _P " and the second is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P "; the sixth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 23 mm long between the terminals "L _P " - "K _P " and the second is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P "; the seventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 52 mm long between the terminals "K _P " - "I _P " and the second is 27 mm long between the terminals "I _P " - "Z _P "; the eighth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 10 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 27 mm long between the terminals "И _П " - "З _П " and the second length is 50 mm between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П "; the ninth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 30 ° between the connected line segments: the first 50 mm long between the terminals "З _П " - "Ж _П " and the second length 30 mm between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П "; the tenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 17 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "Ж _П " - "Е _П " and the second length 40 mm between the terminals "Е _П " - "Д _П "; the eleventh coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first is 40 mm long between the terminals " _EP " - " _DP " and the second is 20 mm long between the terminals " _DP " - "Г _П "; the twelfth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 100 ° between the connected line segments: the first 20 mm long between the terminals "Д _П " - "Г _П " and the second length 22 mm between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П "; the thirteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 60 ° between the connected line segments: the first 22 mm long between the terminals "Г _П " - "В _П " and the second 30 mm long between the terminals "В _P " - " _BP "; the fourteenth coplanar line of the right shoulder is represented by the angle α = 130 ° between the connected line segments: the first 30 mm long between the terminals "V _P " - "B _P " and the second 20 mm long between the terminals " _BP " - " _AP "; the "А _P " terminal of the right antenna arm is connected to the "С _П " terminal of the central core of the coaxial cable, and the "А _L " terminal of the left antenna arm is connected to the "С _Л " terminal of the coaxial cable shield. 6. The shipborne frequency-independent VHF antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that the antenna module containing two jointly used symmetrical vibrators with their orthogonal arrangement in space relative to each other, and the first symmetrical vibrator with common-mode currents in the arms

, and the second symmetrical vibrator with antiphase currents

in the shoulders, while the left shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

from the central core of the coaxial power cable of the antenna, and the right shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

with a shielded antenna coaxial cable; the left shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

from the central core of the coaxial power cable of the antenna, in addition, the right shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its upper part, is connected by a terminal

from the central core of the coaxial antenna power cable; the right shoulder of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the "С _П " terminal of the central core of the coaxial antenna power cable, and the left arm of the first symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the “ _SL ” terminal of the shield shell of the antenna power coaxial cable; the right shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by a terminal

with the terminal "С _Л " of the shield shell of the coaxial antenna power cable, and the left shoulder of the second symmetrical vibrator, in its lower part, is connected by the terminal

with the “ _SL ” terminal of the shield shell of the antenna power coaxial cable.

Images