RU2719671C1 - Building structure for structures (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction. Construction structure for structures comprises vertically oriented connecting element made in form of parallelepiped form of block with side walls for abutment of vertically arranged wall panels and with side wall arranged outside erected wall. Parallelepiped-shaped unit is reinforced from concrete and in form of a hollow box open from above and from below, at that in side walls intended for abutment of vertically arranged wall panels there are through openings for access to embedded wall panels. Two versions of the construction structure are described.EFFECT: technical result is reinforcement of bearing capacity of connecting unit.13 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of low-rise frame buildings in frame-panel housing construction, especially in suburban construction.

When erecting constructions of any type from prefabricated panels, one of the essential tasks is to reduce the erection time, reduce the complexity and cost of erecting walls of houses, create the possibility of working in small teams without the use of large construction equipment while maintaining high construction rates.

To solve these problems, a building structure was developed for prefabricated structures of wooden frame house construction, containing a sandwich of the filling panel and vertically and horizontally placed supporting elements, the first of which are vertical in the form of I-beam wooden beams, and the second horizontal - in the form of T-shaped strapping beams , while on the end of the I-beam and on the protrusion of the T-shaped beam there are matching samples for fixing the connection node in the horizontal plane, and the panel filling a sample of the top and bottom sides corresponding to the height protrusion of T-shaped beams (RU 126727, E04V 2/26, publ. 04.10.2013). This decision is made as a prototype.

A feature of this solution, as a new technology for walling, is the use of building blocks, which are elements of the fastening of adjacent (mounted) walls. Such connecting blocks are made with elements of the docking walls. In this case, such elements are samples from the walls of the connecting blocks, that is, grooves (vertically or horizontally made) that are inserted into the end parts of the walls. This technology allows you to quickly build walls, make corners, but only for lightweight wood panels. The walls themselves in this case have support on the foundation or on horizontal ceilings and at the same time are supports for the walls. Due to the lack of reliable fastening of connecting blocks with horizontal ceilings, these blocks cannot bear a large load from the walls, which limits their use. In addition, when using well-known building connecting blocks, it is necessary to make changes to the end parts of the wall panels themselves. This leads to the fact that for such building connecting blocks can not be used typical wall panels.

The transfer of such technology to use in construction with concrete structures is not possible, since these connecting blocks are not made of concrete and do not have structural features for connecting walls at the joints, since the performance of large-panel houses largely depends on the design of the joints between the panels and other elements of the building (“Guide for the design of residential buildings”, Issue 3 “Construction of residential buildings” (to SNiP 2.08.01-85). The joints between the panels of the external walls must be tight (i.e. and et low air permeability and exclude penetration of rain water inside the structure), to prevent condensation at the joint (due to insufficient thermal insulation properties) have sufficient strength to prevent the joint from occurrence of cracks therein.

When designing large-panel buildings, it should be borne in mind that the loads in large-panel buildings are concentrated at the joints of the panels. In addition, the linear dimensions of the wall change under the influence of temperature changes. This is due to the exposure of the panel surface to positive (on the inside) and negative (on the outside) temperature, as a result of which its linear dimensions change. The forces arising from this lead to the formation of cracks.

When an elastic joint is installed, the panels are connected using steel ties welded to the embedded parts of the joined elements. But such fasteners are malleable and do not always provide long-term joint operation of the mating panels and, therefore, cannot protect the joint from the appearance of cracks. This is because, from heating during welding, the embedded part seems to be torn off from the concrete into which it was monolithic during manufacture. Atmospheric or condensation moisture penetrating the gap destroys the lower surface of the embedded part. More reliable in operation are rigidly monolithic joints. The strength of the connection between the joined elements is ensured by monoling the connecting steel reinforcement with concrete. Between the monolithic joint zone and the sealing, a vertical air cavity is formed, which serves as a drainage channel that discharges the water falling into the seam with its release outward at the base level.

The formation of ligaments at the junction is a complex and responsible task. Therefore, the search for new solutions in this matter is relevant.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in enhancing the bearing capacity of the connecting block and ensuring its use for connecting typical concrete wall panels.

The specified technical result for the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the building structure for structures, which is a vertically oriented connecting element made in the form of a parallelepiped shape of the block with side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels and with a side wall located outside the wall being erected , each parallelepiped-shaped block is made of reinforced concrete and in the form of a hollow box, open at the top and bottom, while in the end walls designed to adjoin vertically arranged wall panels, through windows are made for access to embedded wall panels.

At the same time, in the building structure according to this embodiment, the side wall of the block located outside the wall being erected can be made wider than the opposite wall located in the same block, and the width of the side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is made not less than the thickness of these wall panels. And the width of the side walls for adjoining them vertically arranged wall panels can be made not less than the thickness of the adjacent wall panels. In the side walls intended for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them, cutouts can be made from the side of the open openings of the box for access to the embedded floors. The side wall of the block, located outside the wall being erected, can be solid or with a through window for access to embedded wall panels or it can be made from open openings of the box with cutouts for access to embedded floors.

The specified technical result for the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the building structure for structures, which is a vertically oriented connecting element made in the form of a parallelepiped shape of the block with side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels and with a side wall located outside the wall being erected , the parallelepiped-shaped block is made of reinforced concrete and in the form of a hollow box, open at the top and bottom, while in the side walls, The values for abutting thereto vertically arranged wall panels provided with through windows for access to mortgage these panels, and the side wall unit, disposed outside of the wall being built, is formed wider than the opposite wall situated in the same block.

The building structure according to the second embodiment may have the following design features. The width of the side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is not less than the thickness of the adjacent wall panels. In the side walls intended for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them, cutouts can be made from the side of the open openings of the box for access to the embedded floors. The side wall of the block, located outside the wall being erected, can be solid or made from the side of the openings of the box with cutouts for access to the embedded floors.

These features are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device (first embodiment) with a wall panel adjacent to it;

FIG. 2 - the connecting block of FIG. 1, view from the outside;

FIG. 3 is the same as in FIG. 2, view from the other side;

FIG. 4 shows a general view of the device (second embodiment) with a wall panel adjacent to it;

FIG. 5 - shows a General view of the device (third example of execution) with an adjacent wall panel;

FIG. 6 - connection block of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 shows the connection of wall panels using the connection block of FIG. 2, view from the outside of the wall;

FIG. 8 - same as in FIG. 6 is a view from the inside of the wall, also showing the connection of the internal walls of the building.

According to the present invention, the construction of a building connecting block used to connect wall panels to each other is considered.

The building structure for structures is a vertically oriented connecting element 1, made in the form of a parallelepiped-shaped block with side walls 2 designed to adjoin vertically placed wall panels 3, and with a side wall 4 located outside the wall being erected.

The parallelepiped-shaped block is made of reinforced concrete and in the form of a hollow box, open at the top and bottom. In fact, such a box is made according to the technology of manufacturing a concrete wall, that is, using the internal frame and reinforcing ties. In this regard, the walls of such a duct have a certain thickness necessary to place the reinforcement inside and in order to ensure a given strength and bearing capacity.

In such a hollow box, the width of the side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is not less than the thickness of the adjacent wall panels. This is done in order to comply with the geometry of the docking and to ensure the flatness of the walls, eliminating protrusions both on the outer side of the wall and on its inner side. However, this condition is not mandatory. The width of the side walls of the block may be greater than the thickness of the wall panels, but in this case, protrusions are formed, which can be used as decorating elements of the cladding of the building. And when performing the side walls (for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them) less than the thickness of the adjacent wall panels, problems arise with the connection of wall panels to each other, especially if there is a connection of a T-shaped plan, that is, three panels (Fig. 7 and 8) .

Since the block has a parallelepiped shape, its side walls are even flat surfaces that are elements of supporting the end walls of wall panels on them. Thus, these blocks are power elements that unload wall panels from the loads of other wall panels. This allows you to increase the structural strength of the wall and the building as a whole. In the traditional fastening of adjacent panels, their connection was determined by the strength of the welds and the integrity of the material of the reinforcement and mortgages. That is, both panels are positioned relative to each other solely due to the strength of welding of their fittings. When loading, all loads from one wall panel are transferred to another precisely through these welded joints. So, a change in the spatial position of one panel for reasons of violation of its internal structure leads to the fact that the loads are transferred to the welded joints and load them. At the same time, welding is transformed in these joints and the reinforcing bars are twisted, which leads to some compensation for the influence of a change in the position of the wall panel. These deformations in welded bonds are limited. When the load is exceeded, the changes begin to be transmitted to the adjacent wall panel. It is these features that limit the use of the entire stock of viciousness of typical panels when they are welded together.

When using connecting blocks, the load from one wall panel is transferred to this block, and not to the adjacent wall panel. Redistribution of loads occurs, which eliminates the dependence of the strength and spatial position of one panel on adjacent. This is what makes it possible to increase the reliability of joints and the strength of the walls in the building. The interaction of the wall panel with the connecting block extends over the extended contact area of the flat surface of the side wall of this block and the end wall of the panel. Already in this case, the load is redistributed. A change in the position of the wall panel leads to its either greater or lesser bearing on the wall of the connecting block, but the welded connections of the reinforcing elements of the block and panel are not involved.

On the other hand, the connecting element is an element connecting the panels and positioning them according to the design position. To do this, in the side walls intended for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them, through windows 5 are made for access to embedded wall panels or to reinforcing elements of the panels. Through these windows, welded bonding of the metal structures of the panels is carried out both with the unit itself and with an adjacent wall panel. The issues of welded joints in this application are not considered since they depend on the designs of the typical wall panels themselves.

The connecting block can be supplied with metal elements inside (and outside) of the duct to ensure welding with reinforcing elements of the panels. Structurally, this issue of the implementation and placement of these metal elements is not considered within the framework of this application.

In the framework of the present invention, two examples of the execution of the block for connecting walls are considered.

According to the first example (Fig. 1-3) in the box, the through windows 5 for accessing the embedded wall panels are made on three sides, that is, on each side to which the panels can adjoin (it is possible to make these through windows only on two side sides). There are two ways to use the connecting block: the first is for connecting wall panels that are aligned in the same plane, as shown in FIG. 1, and for connecting three wall panels, as shown in FIG. 7, 8.

According to the first example of execution in the block, the side wall of the block located outside the wall being constructed is wider than the opposite wall located in the same block, and the width of the end walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is made not less than the thickness of these wall panels. With this design, support projections 6 are formed in the block to support the panels and to form a labyrinth for the means of sealing the connection. This widened side wall, located outside the wall being erected, can be solid or made with a through window for access to embedded wall panels (access from the outside of the wall). The presence of a protrusion forms a protection against the penetration of outside air, the so-called "cold bridge".

According to the second example of execution (Fig. 4-6), the block is made with an outer side wall of equal width with the internally placed side walls of the box. This outer side wall can be solid (Fig. 4) or with a through window for access to embedded wall panels (access from the outside of the wall) (Figs. 5 and 6).

For both examples of execution in the side walls intended for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them, cuts 7 can be made from the side of the open openings of the box for access to the embedded floors. These cutouts open access to mortgages and allow welding. Cutouts can also be made on the outer side wall located outside the wall being erected (from the side of the open apertures of the box with cutouts for access to the embedded floors). These cutouts can also be used for welding to fasten blocks into a column.

The present invention is industrially applicable, can be manufactured by the technology of production of concrete building products. The novelty of the claimed invention is that it eliminates the need to link adjacent building wall panels directly to each other directly. The presence of the connecting block provides unloading of wall panels and the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity of the wall.

Claims (13)

1. The building structure for structures, which is a vertically oriented connecting element made in the form of a parallelepiped shape of the block with side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels and with a side wall located outside the wall being erected, characterized in that the parallelepiped shape of the block is reinforced made of concrete and in the form of a hollow box, open at the top and bottom, while in the side walls designed to adjoin them vertically placed wall s panels are made through a window to access a mortgage these panels. 2. The building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall of the block located outside the wall being constructed is wider than the opposite wall located in the same block, and the width of the side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is made not less than the thickness of these wall panels. 3. The building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is made not less than the thickness of the adjacent wall panels. 4. The building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the side walls intended for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them, cutouts are made from the side of the open openings of the box for access to the embedded floors. 5. The building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall of the block located outside the wall being constructed is solid. 6. The building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall of the block located on the outside of the wall being constructed is made from the side of the open apertures of the box with cutouts for access to the embedded floors. 7. The building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall of the block located on the outside of the wall being constructed is made with a through window for access to embedded wall panels. 8. The building structure for structures, which is a vertically oriented connecting element made in the form of a parallelepiped shape of the block with side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels and with a side wall located outside the wall being erected, characterized in that the parallelepiped shape of the block is reinforced made of concrete and in the form of a hollow box, open at the top and bottom, while in the side walls designed to adjoin them vertically placed wall s panels provided with through windows for access to mortgage these panels, and the side wall unit, disposed outside of the wall being built, is formed wider than the opposite wall situated in the same block. 9. The building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the width of the side walls for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them is made not less than the thickness of the adjacent wall panels. 10. The building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that in the side walls intended for adjoining vertically arranged wall panels to them, cutouts are made from the side of the open openings of the box for access to the embedded floors. 11. The building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the side wall of the block located outside the wall being constructed is solid. 12. The building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the side wall of the block located on the outside of the wall being constructed is made from the side of the open apertures of the box with cutouts for access to the embedded floors. 13. The building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the side wall of the block located outside the wall being constructed is made with a through window for access to embedded wall panels.

Images