RU2707956C1 - Omnidirectional annular antenna with active counterweight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antenna equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to antenna engineering, particularly to annular omnidirectional antennas. Omnidirectional annular antenna comprises wire loops uniformly distributed in a circle and in-phase supplied from one coaxial line. Plane of each of the wire loops of the circular antenna is turned by an angle relative the plane passing through the vertical longitudinal axis of the antenna. Turning angle of the loop depends on the required ratio of electromagnetic field components on horizontal and vertical polarizations. Below the hinges there is an active skeleton wire conic counterweight made of double-wire quarter-wave loops. Lower ends of the loops are galvanically connected to the top of the cone and the antenna feed line passes inside the cone. Loops with open ends are connected to terminals of wire loops supply, and their closed ends are connected to each other by conductors forming external annular perimeter of cone counterweight.

EFFECT: technical result consists in possibility of operation at vertical and horizontal polarization of electromagnetic field.

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Description

The invention relates to antenna technology, in particular, to circular omnidirectional antennas with universal polarization.

Ring antennas are widely known, used both on decameter and meter waves and which are horizontally polarized antennas with isotropic (omnidirectional) radiation. One of the known horizontal polarized antennas is the Big Wheel or The Big Wheel (Mellen R., Milner C. The Big Wheelon Two // ARRLQST 1961. Vol. XLV. No. 9. P. 42-47), in the form of three loop frames, with a perimeter length comparable with the wavelength, close in shape to triangles, evenly distributed in a circle. The signal source is connected in the center of the antenna with a parallel connection of three loops. Sectorial placement of loops in the horizontal plane provides circular radiation with horizontal polarization. Known omnidirectional ring antenna, which is a modernization of the "Big Wheel", "Wheel in inclined planes" or The Skew-Planar Wheel (Mellen R., Milner C. The Skew-Planar Wheel Antenna // ARRLQST 1963. Vol. XLVII. No. 11. P. 11-13), which has four loops, but the plane of each of them is rotated by an angle of 45 degrees, relative to the horizontal plane. As a result of this, the radiation pattern remains isotropic, but the polarization in this case is elliptical rather than horizontal.

A disadvantage of the known antenna is its low reliability due to the fragility of the skeletal structure with insufficiently stable mounting of the openwork antenna device.

The closest in technical essence to the antenna claimed as an invention, the prototype, is an omnidirectional ring antenna (patent RU No. 2482579 dated 05/20/2013, bull. No. 14) containing wire loops evenly distributed in a circle and in-phase powered from one coaxial line. The plane of each of the loops is rotated relative to the plane passing through the vertical longitudinal axis of the antenna, while the angle of rotation of the loops depends on the required ratio of the components of the electromagnetic field on the horizontal and vertical polarization. Below the loops, a truncated solid conductive cone is installed, which is a counterbalance to the loop combination, to the top of which the lower ends of the loops are galvanically connected, and the antenna feed line passes inside it.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the complex antenna openwork design of the loops in combination with a continuous conical counterweight, increased wind load and reduced mechanical reliability with the inability to configure finished products.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype and the development of an omnidirectional ring antenna capable of working with horizontal and vertical polarization of the electromagnetic field.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by a technical solution with the introduction of an active counterweight.

The technical solution of an omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight is provided by the fact that it contains wire loop emitters uniformly distributed in a circle and in-phase powered from one coaxial line. The plane of each of the loops is rotated relative to the plane passing through the vertical longitudinal axis of the antenna with the angle of rotation of the loops depending on the required ratio of the components of the electromagnetic field on the horizontal and vertical polarization. Below is a conical counterweight with galvanically connected lower ends of the loops to its upper part, inside which the antenna feed line passes. The conical counterweight is skeletal, and contains wire two-wire quarter-wave loops uniformly distributed in a circle, according to the number of wire loops that are connected by open ends to the power terminals of the wire loops. The closed ends of the inclined loops of the sides of the conical counterweight are interconnected by a conductor forming an outer annular perimeter of the cone.

Equipotential points of the inner sides of each wire loop can be further connected by conductors to a common point on the longitudinal axis.

The equipotential points of the inner sides of each wire loop connected by conductors to a common point on the longitudinal axis can be connected along the longitudinal axis by a conductor to the power terminal.

The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the conical skeletal counterweight is made active in the form of a set of wire two-wire quarter-wave loops. The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the loops are evenly distributed in a circle, according to the number of wire loops, on the sides forming a cone.

The novelty in the part of the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the cables are connected by open ends to the power terminals of the wire loops.

The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the closed ends of the loops are interconnected by conductors forming the outer annular perimeter of the conical counterweight.

The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the equipotential points of the inner sides of each wire loop are connected by conductors to a common point on the longitudinal axis.

The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the equipotential points of the inner sides of each wire loop are connected by conductors with a common point on the longitudinal axis, connected along the longitudinal axis by a conductor with a power terminal.

The novelty in the part of the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that for a greater influence on the stabilization of electrical characteristics from external re-emitters, the counterweight is made active.

The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the conical skeletal counterweight in the form of a set of wire two-wire quarter-wave loops increases the wind resistance of the entire antenna system.

The novelty in the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the conical skeletal counterweight in the form of a set of wire two-wire quarter-wave loops due to the introduction of additional conductors provides increased mechanical reliability of the antenna.

The combination of distinguishing features and properties as in the inventive device omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight from the technical, scientific literature and patent documentation has not been identified, therefore, it meets the criteria of novelty and inventive step.

Industrial applicability of the claimed technical solution is seen in the comparative simplicity of manufacture, duplication and operation, in increased electrical performance, the possibility of industrial use and a competitive level.

The proposed omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight is illustrated in the drawings.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a sketch of the starting version of an omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a sketch of the full version of an omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight.

In FIG. Figures 3 and 4 show the main electrical parameters of an omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight according to the results of computer simulation in the MMANA program.

The proposed omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight (Fig. 1), contains wire loops 1, uniformly distributed in a circle and in-phase powered from one coaxial line with power terminals “a” and “b”. The plane 2 of each of the loops 1 is rotated relative to the plane 3 passing through the vertical longitudinal axis 4 of the antenna by an angle α of rotation of the loops depending on the required ratio of the components of the electromagnetic field on the horizontal and vertical polarization. Below the loops 1, a conical counterweight 5 is installed with the lower ends of the loops 1 galvanically connected to its upper part, the power terminal “a”. Inside the conical counterweight 5 passes the antenna power line, to the central wire of which the upper ends of the loops 1 are connected, forming terminal “b”. The conical counterweight 5 is skeletal and contains two-wire quarter-wave cables 6, evenly distributed in a circle, according to the number of wire loops 1, which are connected by open ends to the power terminals “a” and “b”, wire loops 1. The closed ends of the loops “c” are connected between themselves by conductors 7, forming an outer annular 8 perimeter of the conical counterweight 5.

In the proposed omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight (Fig. 2), the equipotential points “c” of the inner sides of each wire loop 1 can be connected by conductors 8 to form a common point 9 on the vertical longitudinal axis 4.

Moreover, the common point 9 on the vertical longitudinal axis 4, formed by connecting equipotential points "c" of the inner sides of each wire loop 1 with conductors 8, can be connected along the vertical longitudinal axis 4 by conductor 10 to the power terminal "b".

Omni-directional ring antenna with an active counterweight works as follows.

The uniform distribution of the antenna loops 1 and the counterbalance 6 loops in a circle provide in the horizontal plane the omnidirectional radiation of the signal in the 360 ° angle zone. Due to the fact that the loops 1 are mounted with rotation relative to the vertical longitudinal axis 4 of the antenna, the currents in the radiating parts of the antenna form a radiation field having vertical and horizontal components. The conical active counterweight 5 participates as an additional screen in the formation of circular radiation patterns and improves the matching of the antenna with the coaxial power line. As a result of this, the antenna has fairly uniform omnidirectional diagrams in the horizontal plane and is able to work with horizontal and vertical polarization of the electromagnetic field. Changing the angle α of rotation of the loops 1, you can get the desired ratio of the components of the electromagnetic field on the horizontal and vertical polarizations. Thus, the use in an annular antenna of inclined wire loops 1 together with a conical active counterbalance 5, made skeletal, containing two-wire wire quarter-wave loops 6, solves the problem and ensures the achievement of the required technical result - the ability of an omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight to work with vertical and horizontal polarization of the electromagnetic field. The connection of equipotential points “c” of the inner sides of each wire loop 1 with conductors 8 with a common point 9 on the vertical longitudinal axis 4 does not violate the in-phase operation of loops 1, but, like switching on classical shunts, changing the distance of their connection points from the power terminal “b” can be changed antenna input resistance and adjust. The connection of the common point 9 on the longitudinal axis 4 by the conductor 10 along the longitudinal axis with the power terminal “b” increases the quality factor of the antenna due to additional electrical balancing relative to the point of zero potential and increases electrical reliability. Thus, the task is solved to configure the finished products.

The use of only wire elements in the design technologically and structurally simplifies the antenna device and reduces wind loads on the antenna, and the introduction of new conductors 8 and 10 with the additional mechanical connection of loops with a bearing longitudinal axis in the form of a conductor 10 provides guarantees of reliability. Thus, the task is solved to simplify and improve reliability.

The arguments are fully confirmed by the analysis of the technical solution of the invention based on the results of computer simulation of the main parameters in the MMANA program at a frequency of 300 MHz, shown in FIG. 3 and 4. In FIG. Figure 3 shows the radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical plane, where the inner contour belongs to the horizontal polarization, and the outer contour belongs to the vertical polarization. In FIG. 4 shows the variation of the matching coefficient in the 100 MHz band.

Claims (3)

1. An omnidirectional ring antenna with an active counterweight, containing wire loops uniformly distributed in a circle and in phase fed from one coaxial line, the plane of each of which is rotated relative to the plane passing through the vertical longitudinal axis of the antenna, with an angle of rotation of the loops depending on the required ratio of components electromagnetic field on horizontal and vertical polarization with a lower conical counterweight with galvanically connected lower ends of the loops to e about the upper part, inside of which the antenna feed line passes, characterized in that the conical counterweight is skeletal and contains two-wire quarter-wave cables, evenly distributed in a circle, according to the number of wire loops that are connected by open ends to the power terminals of the wire loops and which have closed ends interconnected by conductors forming the outer annular perimeter of the conical counterweight. 2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the equipotential points of the inner sides of each wire loop are connected by conductors to a common point on the vertical longitudinal axis. 3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the equipotential points of the inner sides of each wire loop connected by conductors to a common point on the longitudinal axis, from a common point on the longitudinal axis, are connected by a conductor to the power terminal.

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