RU2702635C1 - Building air heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering, namely to heating systems, and can be used in buildings without central heating system. Heating system comprises pipelines, a pump, a boiler, a radiator, a boiler control unit, gates, signal feed channels, a heat carrier supply to the radiator control unit, a building heating control unit, additionally comprises flow meters, air ducts, air-releasing pipes, combustion products discharge channel, building temperature control units, air supply units into rooms, signal feeding channels, monitoring sensors, connected to the building heating control unit and allowing to determine the visitors location in any part of the building at a certain moment in time, wherein the building heating control unit is connected to the flow meters, the air supply units, the monitoring sensors, the temperature control units, the heat carrier supply to the radiator control unit, boiler control unit to maintain optimum air temperature and achieve economical operation of heating system due to current change of boiler power, reduction or increase of flow rate of air heat carrier supplied to certain part of building, as well as change of heating temperature of air heat carrier, which directly contacts and receives heat from walls of combustion products discharge channel and from walls of radiator.

EFFECT: creation of energy-efficient, economical heating system due to rational heat distribution in building by means of heat carrier supply regulation, as well as regulation of fuel or electric power supply to boiler based on data from corresponding sensors of control over number and location of house visitors.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, and in particular to the field of heating systems, and can be used in buildings in the absence of a central heating system.

Known heating system for small groups of houses (Brosenius K.N., GB 1425508 (A), Heating system for single dwelling houses, F24D 11/00; F24D 3/08; 1976-02-18), which includes a central heating source 1 heated by burners 4a, 4b or electric thermal elements 5, storage containers 11 located within houses for receiving hot water from source 1, the piping system includes pipelines 9, 10, 12, 13 for circulating water through the system and a constantly running pump 8. The containers 11 are formed by metal shields 14 and are coated with thermal insulation 16, include elec water-heating-geometric elements 27-29, circuitous local thermal element unit 15 and pipes 21, 22 for connecting the hot water in the container to house the central heating system. Each home heating system includes a pump 18, radiators 17, a by-pass pipe 20, a by-pass valve 19 for mixing hot water coming from the radiators with cold water. Valve 19 can operate thermostatically. Each container is also provided with bypass pipe 45, so that in the absence of power, hot water from a central source could be pumped through radiators. The heating system is also provided with an expansion tank 63 having a spillway 64, the tank 63 can be installed in one of the houses 2. The pressure release device, which works in case of overheating of the heat source 1, is made in the form of either an expansion pipe 67 connected to the flame tube 44, or in the form of an outlet 69 having a safety valve 70.

The disadvantage of the invention is the complexity of the design, as well as increased energy costs due to the fact that you have to heat the house despite the absence of visitors there.

A known invention that can be effectively used as a heating system, hot water supply for residential buildings (Kapishnikov A.P. RF patent for invention No. 2320929. A method of autonomous air heating, hot water supply for a residential building and an air heating system for implementing the method of air heating. F24D 9 / 02, F24D 17/00. 2008). EFFECT: elimination of heat loss to the external environment from an air heater to a heated room due to the location of all devices and communication inside the house, cost reduction. The method of autonomous heating and hot water supply of a residential building includes the use of the heat of the combustion products of a heat generator for heating air and water coolants. In the summer and heating periods in a water heater consisting of a convective, condensation stage and a contact chamber, the combustion products are cooled to a temperature at which vapors condense on the heating surface of the condensation stage, and in summer these pairs are removed through the contact chamber and only water going to hot water supply by heating it countercurrently in series in the condensation and convective steps of a water heater with the heat of combustion products. During the heating period, the contact chamber is turned off, the water supplied to the hot water supply is heated in the same way as in the summer period, and through the air heater in the form of a pipe-in-tube heat exchanger-heat exchanger, consisting of a set of sections of the heat-exchange elements of the convection and condensation stages and placed between contact chamber, sequentially countercurrent combustion products heat the air coolant. Moreover, the amount of heat received by each heat carrier is regulated by a bypass gas pipeline connecting the convective and condensation stages of the water heater. There is also an air heating system for performing air heating in the manner described above.

The disadvantage of the invention is the unjustified energy costs of heating the premises of the building in the absence of visitors there.

The closest technical solution of the known analogues is a one-pipe heating system (Altunin K.V. One-pipe heating system. RF patent for the invention No. 26088804. IPC F24D 12/00, F24D 19/00. Publ. 24.01.2017. Bull. No. 3. ), which contains a pump, boiler, chimney, boiler control unit, valves, signal supply channels, control units for supplying coolant to radiators, radiators, piping, building heating control unit, expansion tank. Using the building's heating control unit, rational and economical heat distribution is carried out inside the building. Upon receipt of signals from the heating control unit of the building to the control units for supplying coolant to the radiators using appropriate valves, a change is made, i.e., a decrease or increase in the flow of coolant to the radiators, and when a signal is received from the building heating control unit to the boiler control unit or increased fuel consumption. The one-pipe heating system is a simple, reliable, more environmentally friendly and economical heating system due to design features that allow rationally producing heat distribution inside the building.

The disadvantages of the invention (Altunin K.V. One-pipe heating system. RF patent for the invention No. 26088804. IPC F24D 12/00, F24D 19/00. Publ. 24.01.2017. Bull. No. 3.), the low efficiency of the system due to lack of sensors for monitoring the presence and number of people in the house, i.e. This heating system is not entirely economical.

The solved problem of the developed invention is the creation of a simple, reliable, economical, efficient heating system as a whole due to design features that allow rationally producing heat distribution inside the building, taking into account the number of people in the building, as well as their location.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to create an energy-efficient, economical heating system by rationally distributing heat throughout the building by regulating the flow of heat carrier, as well as regulating the flow of fuel or electricity into the boiler based on data from the respective sensors for monitoring the quantity and location visitors at home.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the heating system comprising pipelines, a pump, a boiler, a radiator, a boiler control unit, valves, signal supply channels, a control unit for supplying a heat carrier to a radiator, a building heating control unit, further comprises flow meters, air ducts, air distribution pipes, a channel the output of combustion products, temperature control units in the premises of the building, air supply units in the premises, signal supply channels, control sensors associated with the building heating control unit and willing to determine the location of visitors in a particular part of the building at a certain point in time, moreover, the heating control unit of the building is connected to flow meters, air supply units, control sensors, temperature control units, a control unit for supplying coolant to the radiator, a boiler control unit to maintain the most optimal air temperature and achieving economical operation of the heating system due to the current change in boiler power, lowering or increasing the flow of air coolant, under A certain part of the building, as well as changes in the heating temperature of the air coolant, which directly contacts and receives heat from the walls of the outlet channel of the combustion products and from the walls of the radiator. In this heating system, control sensors determining the visitor’s presence in the building’s premises are installed in connection with the corresponding door lock to accurately determine the presence or absence of the visitor in the building’s building.

To clarify the technical nature of the invention, consider FIG. 1, FIG. 2, where: 1 - pump, 2 - fan, 3 - inlet duct, 4 - boiler, 5 - radiator, 6 - valve, 7 - pipeline, 8 - boiler control unit, 9 - valve, 10 - water supply control unit radiator, 11 - signal supply channel, 12 - signal supply channel, 13 - signal supply channel, 14 - air duct, 15 - temperature control unit, 16 - signal supply channel, 17 - flow meter, 18 - room air supply unit, 19 - air-distributing pipes, 20 - signal supply channel, 21 - control sensor, 22 - temperature control unit, 23 - signal supply channel, 24 - room door, 25 - air-distributing e nozzles, 26 - air supply unit into the room, 27 - flow meter, 28 - signal supply channel, 29 - signal supply channel, 30 - wall, 31 - control sensor, 32 - front door, 33 - turntable, 34 - signal supply channel , 35 - signal supply channel, 36 - temperature control unit, 37 - signal supply channel, 38 - building heating control unit, 39 - signal supply channel, 40 - air-distributing pipes, 41 - room door, 42 - signal supply channel, 43 - air supply unit to the room, 44 - flow meter, 45 - control sensor, 46 - signal supply channel, 47 - air duct, 48 - smoke exhaust, 49 - channel the output of combustion products, 50 - an electric current source, 51 - a spring, 52 - a key, 53 - a valve, 54 - a handle, 55 - an ammeter, 56 - a rheostat, 57 - a current consumer, 58 - a voltmeter, 59 - an electric circuit.

The control unit of the boiler 8 may contain the following components and elements: metal housing mounted design, one-way service; module microprocessor programmable logic controller; discrete input-output modules; power supply module; indicator and switching elements, detachable connectors, temperature, flow and pressure sensors (not shown in the description and in Fig. 1, 2).

The heating control unit of a building 38 may contain: a computer with a software package, a graphic operator panel in the form of a panel, control buttons, an electric current source, a power supply module, input-output modules, a housing, an indicator indicating the number of the channel being monitored, a digital indicator time for seven segments; buttons, communication activity indicator, programming mode operation indicator; an indicator that signals a device failure; an indicator signaling on / off of the load relay (not shown in the description and in Fig. 1, 2).

The heating control unit of the building 38 is connected with the air supply units to the room 18, 26, 43, with the radiator water supply control unit 10, with the boiler control unit 8, with the corresponding control sensors 21, 31, 45, with the temperature control units 15, 22, 36 inside the respective rooms of the building, with flow meters 17, 27, 44 installed inside the building, using the signal supply channels 11, 12, 13, 16, 23, 28, 29, 36, 37, 39, 42, 46,

The signal supply channels 11, 12, 13, 16, 23, 28, 29, 36, 37, 39, 42, 46 can be represented in the form of electrical wires connected to the heating control unit of the building 38.

The boiler control unit 8 can be presented in the form of an electric drive system that regulates fuel consumption (for example, natural gas and air supplied to combustion for heating the boiler 4); temperature control sensors in the boiler, outside the boiler 4, in the ducts, of the receiving and transmitting device for receiving and transmitting a signal (not shown in the description and in FIG. 1, 2).

The control unit 10 for supplying water to the radiator can be presented in the form of a system with sensors for monitoring the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the radiator 5, a receiving and transmitting device for receiving and transmitting a signal (not shown in the description and in Figs. 1, 2).

Power is supplied to the heating control unit of the building 38, the air supply units to the room 18, 26, 43, the radiator water supply control unit 10, the boiler control unit 8, the control sensors 21, 31, 45.

The temperature control units 15, 22, 36 may contain thermometers, thermocouples (not shown in the description and in Fig. 1, 2) for direct measurement of air temperature.

The control sensors 21, 45 are located in the respective doorways. The control sensor 31 is located in the turntable 33 at the entrance to the building. The pinwheel 33 is arranged in such a way that visitors can pass into the building and exit from the building. All these sensors serve to control the number and presence of visitors in a particular part of the building: the control sensor 31 records the total number of visitors or absence of visitors for a specific period of time, and the control sensors 18, 45 - the presence or absence of guests in a particular room of the building.

However, when executing a heating system with control sensors and with the main coolant in the form of hot water circulating throughout the building, such as in the description of the invention (K. Altunin, One-pipe heating system. RF patent for the invention No. 260 08804. IPC F24D 12/00 , F24D 19/00. Publish. January 24, 2017. Bull. No. 3.), some difficulties are possible, namely, when visitors appear in the house, radiators will not be able to immediately warm up the necessary room, so-called thermal inertia takes place. In this regard, an embodiment of the heating system is proposed, as shown in FIG. 1, where the main coolant is air.

In this form, the heating system operates as follows.

Pump 1 delivers water to boiler 4. The furnace (in the description and Fig. 1, 2 is not shown) of boiler 4 is supplied with fuel (for example, air and natural gas), which burns there, heat is transferred to water in boiler 4, when open the valve 9, the heated water begins to circulate through the pipe 7, passing through the radiator 5. Then it is possible to return the water back to the boiler 4. The channels for supplying fuel and oxidizer are not shown in the description.

The air is sucked in by the fan 2 into the inlet duct 3, passing through which the air is heated from the surface of the outlet channel of the combustion products 49, through which the hot combustion products from the boiler 4 (or gas generator, not shown) are moving. In this case, the supplied air and combustion products do not mix with each other. Next, the air stream contacts the surface of the radiator 5 and heats up even more, enters the air ducts 14, 47, which are distributing.

When a command is received from the heating control unit of the building 38 to the control unit 10 for supplying water to the radiator, there is a decrease or increase in the flow of coolant (water) through the radiator 5.

When one or several people enter the building, a control sensor 31 is activated, which transmits a signal about the number of visitors to the heating control unit of the building 38, which immediately calculates the required volume of heated air in the entrance room (not indicated in the description and in Fig. 1), and in the temperature control unit 36, the required temperature inside this entrance room, heated air is immediately supplied through the air-distributing nozzles 40. The flow meter 44 fixes the volume of air delivered from the duct 47.

The building can also be equipped with exhaust ventilation (not shown in the description and in Figs. 1, 2).

When visitors (visitor) enter, for example, a room with a door 41, a control sensor 45 is activated, which immediately sends a signal also to block 38. If before that the temperature was lower than comfortable (by temperature control block 15), then block 38 gives a signal to the air supply unit to the room 18, and the supply of warm air to the room by means of the air-distributing nozzles 19 increases accordingly. Thus, the room quickly warms up to an acceptable temperature. When a visitor (visitors) leaves this room, the control sensor 45 is likewise triggered and the consumption of warm air through the air-distributing nozzles 19 decreases.

The control sensor 31 serves to count the number of all people in the building in order to properly configure the operation of the boiler 4 and the heating of the air passing through the ducts 14, 47.

The blocks of air supply to the room 18, 26 contain valves, an electric actuator for valves, electronic devices for communicating with the block 38, an electric current source (not shown in the description and in Figs. 1, 2).

It should be noted that the control sensors 21, 45 should work in such a way as to ensure rational heating of the room. That is, if two people entered this room, and then one of them left, the system should work accordingly, maintaining a comfortable temperature inside, regardless of the number of visitors. It is proposed to place the monitoring sensors 21, 45 in the area of the door handles of the respective doors or in the wall as in FIG. one.

In FIG. 2 shows a possible operation scheme of control sensors 21, 45. For example, in a room with a door 41, a control sensor 45 is installed in the wall, which includes an electric current source 50, spring 51, key 52, valve 53, handle 54, ammeter 55, rheostat 56, current consumer 57, voltmeter 58, electric circuit 59. In this form, the system works as follows: when a visitor (or several visitors) enters the room, the door 41 closes, the handle 54 is turned, which causes the valve 53 to extend. The valve 53 acts on the key 52, overcomes efforts e of the spring 51, and as a result, the key 52 closes the electric circuit 59, the current consumer 57 receives electric current (for example, the consumer of current 57 may be a lamp that lights up), the signal goes through the signal supply channel 34 to the heating control unit of the building 38. Control unit by heating the building 38, it quickly calculates the required amount of air, checks the data with temperature measurements inside this room using signals from the temperature control unit 15 and sends a signal to the unit 18, through the air-supplying nozzles 19 of the hearth heated air into the room. When leaving the room, the visitor (visitors) turns the handle 54 in the opposite direction, the valve 53 enters the door 41, the spring 51 straightens and presses on the key 52, which opens the electric circuit 59. The absence of electric current in the electric circuit 59 serves as a kind of signal to the termination of the air supply with an acceptable volume and temperature in this room, the air supply unit in the room 18 suspends the supply of heated air.

It should be noted that the entire air heating system can operate autonomously, it is proposed to install several programs in the heating control unit of the building 38 for the best and most comfortable temperature control inside the building, the heating control unit of the building 38 controls the air supply, its amount through flow meters 17, 27, 44 , air supply units 18, 26, 43, it also regulates the temperature of the supplied air through the boiler control unit 8, the control unit for supplying water 10 to the radiator 5, control units I am at a temperature of 15, 22, 36 inside the building.

Thus, the developed technical solution is a simple, reliable, more environmentally friendly and economical heating system compared to the prototype due to design features that allow more efficient heat distribution within the building.

Claims (2)

1. The building’s air heating system, comprising a pipeline, a pump, a boiler, a radiator, a boiler control unit, valves, signal supply channels, a coolant supply control unit to a radiator, a building heating control unit, characterized in that flow meters, air ducts are introduced into the heating system, air-distributing nozzles, a channel for the output of combustion products, temperature control units in the premises of the building, air supply units in the premises, signal supply channels, control sensors associated with the building heating control unit and allowing you to determine the location of visitors in a particular part of the building at a certain point in time, and the building heating control unit is connected to flow meters, air supply units, control sensors, temperature control units, a control unit for supplying coolant to the radiator, a boiler control unit to maintain the most optimal air temperature and achieving economical operation of the heating system due to the current change in boiler power, lowering or increasing the flow of air coolant, p given by a certain part of the building, and change the heating temperature of coolant air which directly contacts and receives heat from the walls of the channel output and the combustion products from the radiator walls. 2. The heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring sensors determining the presence of the visitor in the building’s premises are installed in connection with the lock of the corresponding door to accurately determine the presence or absence of the visitor in the building’s premises.

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