RU2700445C1 - Method of cleaning oil-containing bottom sediments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: microbiology; technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for microbiological cleaning of bottom sediments from oil and oil products and can be used for cleaning in flooded areas and zones with low resistance of processed raw materials, for example, at hydraulic structures. Method of cleaning oil-containing bottom deposits is characterized by the fact that a section with oil-containing bottom sediments is evaluated to determine a suitable method of cleaning: with withdrawal of oil-containing bottom sediments and / or without removal of oil-containing bottom sediments. At that, when selecting a method with withdrawal, a site adjoining said section is formed, oil-containing bottom deposits are withdrawn from section and placed on site, constructor is introduced in form of sand and / or sawdust and / or straw and process beads are formed with simultaneous application of biopreparation and reagent as substances capable to stimulate activity of microorganisms and intensify biological purification. When selecting a method without removing oil-containing bottom sediments at the site, wells are arranged by their installation with deepening of the casing pipe and settling tank into a layer having higher stability in comparison with oil-containing bottom sediments, and pumping an aqueous solution of the biopreparation and said reagent followed by regular aeration of the solution through said wells.

EFFECT: method increases efficiency of cleaning bottom sediments from oil products by reducing the need for additional areas, wider field of use of the method, reduction of negative load on environment from dusting, reduction of time and resources spent for cleaning, production of effective product for use as a structure, production of a product for use in construction and for reclamation of lands.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for microbiological cleaning of bottom sediments from oil and oil products and can be used for cleaning in irrigated areas and areas with low stability of processed raw materials, for example, in hydraulic structures.

The technological platform is known from the prior art, on which soil or oil sludge is cleaned by unloading oil-contaminated soil or oil sludge onto the site, after which a structurator in the form of sand or sawdust is added, then a solution of a biological product and mineral fertilizers is added, followed by mixing of the suspension to ensure aeration ( RF patent No. 101658, B09C 1/10, published on January 27, 2011).

For the closest analogue to the patented solution according to the first embodiment, a method for cleaning bottom sediments is adopted (see RF patent No. 2246451, C02F 11/02, published 02.20.2005), which includes dewatering a suspension of bottom sediments, anaerobic biological treatment, aerobic stabilization, and unloading of sediment to the site, mixing the sediment with soil and sawdust, aerobic tertiary treatment.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the insufficient cleaning efficiency of oily bottom sediments, the dependence of the efficiency of the cleaning process on temperature conditions, the low efficiency of degradation of petroleum products due to the uneven treatment of bioremediation by NDO.

For the closest analogue to the patented solution according to the second embodiment, a method for cleaning contaminated soils without removing them has been adopted, including pumping gas that contains microorganisms to accelerate biodegradation through an injection well with a perforated wall passing through contaminated soil and water (US Patent Application No. 2003207440 , B09C 1/00, B09C 1/06, B09C 1/10, C02F 3/04, C12S 5/00, C12S 9/00, published 01/15/1994).

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the lack of efficiency in cleaning oily bottom sediments, the inapplicability of the method for cleaning bottom oily sediments, the low efficiency of degradation of petroleum products due to the uneven treatment of bioremediation by NDO.

The technical problem of the claimed invention is the creation of an effective method for cleaning oily bottom sediments with high productivity and in large volumes.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning bottom sediments from oil products, by reducing the need for additional areas, expanding the scope of the method, reducing the negative environmental load from dusting, reducing the time and resources spent on cleaning, obtaining an effective product for use as a structurer, obtaining a product for use in construction and for land reclamation.

The specified technical result is achieved in the method for cleaning oily bottom sediments according to the first embodiment, characterized in that it includes forming a site adjacent to the site with oily bottom sediments, the oily bottom sediments are removed from the site and placed on the site, a structurer is introduced in the form of sand and / or sawdust and / or straw and form technological collars with the simultaneous introduction of a biological product and a reagent in the form of substances that can stimulate the activity of microorganisms and intensifiers Rowan biological treatment.

The specified technical result is achieved in the method for cleaning oily bottom sediments according to the second embodiment, characterized by equipping the wells with holes by installing casing and sump in them with a deeper hole in the layer having greater stability compared to oily bottom sediments, and an aqueous solution of the biological product and reagent is pumped in the form of substances that can stimulate the activity of microorganisms and intensify biological treatment with subsequent regular airing vaniem solution through the wellbore.

Placement of oily bottom sediments (NDO) on the site, introduction of a structurator in the form of sand and / or sawdust and / or straw (hereinafter referred to as the structurator) with the subsequent formation of technological collars simultaneously with the introduction of a reagent in the form of substances that can stimulate the activity of microorganisms and intensify biological cleaning (hereinafter referred to as reagent) and biological product, allows you to get a product-soil modifier, which is effective in future use as a structurer, since flushes the use of viable microorganisms in the initial stage of cleaning without having to purchase and delivery to the site of additional materials, thereby increasing the speed, efficiency and effectiveness of cleaning sediment.

The formation of technological collars simultaneously with the introduction of a biological product and a reagent allows to ensure the most uniform treatment, reduce the negative environmental load from dusting, reduce the time and resources spent on processing, significantly increase the processing volume, reduce the need for additional areas, increase the efficiency of bottom sediment cleaning .

The arrangement of wells by installing them with a deeper casing and sump in a layer with a higher load-bearing capacity than oil-containing bottom sediments provides structural rigidity from below, which allows to expand the scope of the method and use the method in waterlogged areas and areas with low stability of the processed raw materials , which is typical for bottom sediments. Also, the method without removal allows you to carry out work without decommissioning the facility, without violating the integrity of the structure, without first clearing or preparing the territory and dismantling the structural stability equipment, which further reduces the cleaning time. The use of a method with fixing wells in a layer with a greater bearing capacity, compared with oil-containing bottom sediments, increases the efficiency of the method of cleaning oil-containing bottom sediments by increasing the reliability of well fixation, which ensures stable fixation of the well and, as a result, uniform distribution of biological product and reagent throughout the depth bottom sediments.

By pumping an aqueous solution of a biological product and a reagent through the aforementioned wells, followed by aerating the thickness of the oil-bearing bottom sediments with air, the vital activity of microorganisms-destructors is maintained and the aqueous solution of a biological product and a reagent is migrated to the most remote areas during the cleaning process, which affects the efficiency of the method by improving the quality and cleaning speed.

In particular, a preliminary assessment of the site is carried out taking into account the topography, accessibility of the site of the location of oily bottom sediments, the thickness and aggregate state of the oily bottom sediments, the topography of the bed of hydraulic structures for the rational use of treatment sites and an increase in the speed of treatment.

In particular, the wells are deepened to a depth of 15-20% of the power of oil-containing bottom sediments, which further increases the rigidity of the structure and allows the method to be used in areas with low stability of the processed raw materials, which expands the scope of the method, increases the reliability of well fixation and uniform distribution of biological product and reagent throughout the depth of bottom sediments, increasing the efficiency of cleaning bottom oily sediments.

In particular, the humic-mineral complex and fertilizers are used as reagents.

The proposed method is as follows.

FIG. 1 - presents a schematic diagram of the cleaning of bottom sediments without removing them.

FIG. 2 - presents a schematic diagram of the cleaning of bottom sediments without removing them, top view.

At the initial stage of the method, an assessment of the contaminated object is carried out to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their purification from oil products on the territory of the object or without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment is carried out according to several parameters: water cut, relief conditions, degree of accessibility, availability of free areas for the implementation of the method with withdrawal, the presence of limiting factors of hydraulic structures, it is also necessary to take into account the characteristics of the NDO (oil content, texture and others).

Thanks to a preliminary assessment of the site to determine the appropriate method for cleaning bottom sediments from oil products, rational use of sites for cleaning oil-containing bottom sediments, an increase in the cleaning rate, and maintaining the operability of the technique used in the method are achieved.

The method with the extraction of NDO is carried out in cases where the angle of inclination of the relief, determined using topographic surveys, correspond to a value of up to 4%. Such conditions are optimal because they provide gravity flow of drainage water and surface runoff and do not impede the formation and processing of technological collars and the movement of equipment. Simultaneously with this condition, the water content of the territory is determined. If the water cut of the territory is up to 30%, the method is carried out without exemption. Water cut is determined visually and refined using laboratory analysis. Sampling for laboratory analysis is carried out anywhere in the buffer pond. Additionally, to carry out the method with exemption, the availability of free sites and the availability of the site for the operation of the equipment are determined.

In other cases, when either the slope of the relief is more than 4%, or the water content of the territory is more than 30% of the water, or there are no free sites, or accessibility conditions for the operation of the equipment, the method is carried out without removing the NDO.

A preliminary assessment leads to the rational use of areas for the treatment of NDO, and, as a result, to an increase in the volume of cleaning bottom sediments from pollutants. Also, a preliminary assessment allows you to take into account the operating mode of the equipment, control its load and operating conditions to maintain the operability of the equipment used in the method and efficient use.

The method of purification of oily bottom sediments with their removal from the natural environment is carried out by forming a site on the territory of the facility for purification of oily bottom sediments. The site is formed adjacent to the site with the NDO. Next, the NDO is moved to sites covered with a waterproofing layer. After excavation, an oil builder is added to the oily sediment, which is used to reduce the bulk density of oily sediment, increase the porosity and diffusion of oxygen, which increases the activity of microorganisms and intensifies the cleaning of sediment from oil products. As a structurator, sand and / or sawdust and / or straw and / or soil modifier formed after completion of the treatment cycle with removal can be used. Further, specialized technics carry out the formation of collars with the simultaneous introduction of biological products and reagents with their subsequent aeration (tedding).

The use of a soil modifier, a product obtained as a result of an already completed bioremediation cycle and enriched with oil-degrading microorganisms, as a structurer increases the intensification of the process of cleaning bottom sediments, since the addition of a soil modifier at the initial stage of cleaning allows the additional use of viable microorganisms, eliminating the need to purchase and deliver additional sites to the site materials used as a structurer, thereby increasing tsya speed and efficiency of purification.

The formation of technological collars is carried out using specialized equipment simultaneously with the introduction of a freshly prepared solution of a biological product and a reagent. Bringing the working solution of the biological product to the object of work is carried out by pumping it from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution using a mobile diesel pump station. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. The simultaneous formation of technological shoulders, the introduction of a biological product and a reagent allows to ensure the most uniform processing, reduce the negative environmental load from dusting, reduce the time and resources spent on processing, significantly increase the processing volume, and reduce the need for additional areas.

A biological product is a group of microorganism-oil degrader strains, each of which operates in its own range of environmental conditions and is designed for a specific hydrocarbon contamination composition. The consumption of the biological product and its application rate are controlled by means of an installed flow meter. As a biological product, any environmentally friendly drug can be used, during the application of which, as a result of biodegradation of hydrocarbons, neutral products should be formed that do not have a negative effect on ecosystems. As reagents, substances are used that can stimulate the activity of microorganisms and intensify biological treatment, for example, the humic-mineral complex, fertilizers and others.

At the final stage of cleaning, work is carried out on the tedding of technological shoulders, involving plowing, harrowing, and loosening the substrate, aimed at maintaining an optimal level of aeration in the raw material, increasing its uniformity and uniform distribution of biological products, the humic-mineral complex and fertilizers in it. Aeration allows you to support the process of destruction of oil products, because delivers air to the cleaned layer to stimulate the growth and metabolism of microorganisms that carry out bioremediation.

Tedding - a technological operation consisting in plowing, harrowing, loosening the substrate and aimed at maintaining an optimal level of its aeration, increasing the uniformity and uniformity of the distribution of biological products and reagents in the substrate. Tedding is carried out once a month by specialized equipment. The absence of tedding leads to the creation of unfavorable conditions for microorganisms-oil destructors, which leads to a gradual decrease in their activity, tedding more than 1 time per month is impractical, because does not increase the efficiency of NDO purification.

The method of cleaning oily bottom sediments without removing them is carried out in cases where excavation is difficult or impractical, for example, when the water content of the territory, difficult terrain, instability of the substrate, lack of free space, violation of the operating conditions of hydraulic structures, etc.

Buffer ponds, which are artificial ponds where treatment is carried out, are structures for averaging the composition and sedimentation of industrial wastewater during their treatment. The buffer ponds are equipped with a filtration barrier 1, which is equipped with a waterproofing layer of the bed and the side of the buffer pond, with a capacity of 2 for preparing (activating) working solutions of biological products and reagents, a distributor 3 for switching the supply of the biological product and compressed air, pipeline 4, and wells 5.

Wells 5 equip by installing them with a deepening of the casing and sump in a layer with a higher bearing capacity, compared with oil-containing bottom sediments. Drilling a well with a motor drill is carried out until the motor auger auger enters the layer with a greater bearing capacity, which is sufficient for stable fixing of the well casing

Wells are casing pipes on thread 6, each of which is made with a plug 7 at the end of the pipe and with holes for the release of biological product and reagent, and on the outside of the perforated part of the casing pipe 8 is fixed to the thread in the form of a synthetic mesh. The perforated part with the filter of each well is located so that the holes are at different depths and cover the entire power of the NDO. This condition is necessary for the effective distribution of an aqueous solution of a biological product and a reagent throughout the entire thickness of the NDO. In turn, the effective distribution of the biological product and reagent over the entire capacity of the NDO increases the efficiency of the NDO purification

The working solution of the biological product and reagent is supplied from the tank 2 to the pipeline 4, which then goes to the well 5. The distribution device 3, located between the tank 1 with the working solution of the biological product and the reagent and the well 5, controls the switching of the feed of the biological product, reagent and compressed air. Wells 5 are fixed with a deepening of the casing 6 with a synthetic mesh 8 in the thickness of the oil-containing bottom sediments and the deepening of the sump 7 in the waterproofing layer 1 of the hydraulic structure, which has a greater bearing capacity. The sump 7 performs the function of a plug and blocks the possibility of moving the biopreparation flow through the axis of the well, thereby ensuring the introduction of the biopreparation solution into the thickness of the NDO through the perforated pipes of the well. Well 5 is fixed in the waterproofing layer due to the installation of the well in this layer to a depth sufficient for a stable state, which ensures rigidity of the structure from below and allows the method to be applied in flooded areas and areas with low stability of the processed raw materials, typical of bottom sediments.

In a particular case, the deepening of the base of the well is carried out to a depth of 15-20% of the power of oil-containing bottom sediments, thereby achieving maximum stability of the well design, which remains for the entire period of its operation.

Wells are made with holes along the entire height of the well, allowing you to simultaneously process all the power of bottom sediments at several horizons and not leave areas inaccessible to microorganisms-oil destructors.

The active solution of the biological product and reagents are fed through the holes of the well, followed by the supply of compressed air for gravitational and diffusive distribution in the deep layers of bottom sediments by means of a pump and compressor. The primary distribution of 9 working solution of a biological product in the thickness of oily bottom sediments is carried out at full depth. Thanks to aeration of the thickness of oil-bearing bottom sediments by air 10, the vital activity of the microorganisms-destructors is maintained and the biological product 11 is additionally migrated to the most remote areas during the cleaning process, which leads to an increase in the quality and speed of cleaning. Aeration is carried out 1 time in 10 days. The absence of aeration leads to the creation of unfavorable conditions for microorganisms-oil destructors, which leads to a gradual decrease in their activity, aeration more than 1 time in 10 days is impractical, because does not increase the efficiency of NDO purification.

When cleaning oil-containing bottom sediments according to the described method, there is a gradual decrease in the content of products in the NDO, which allows you to get two types of products - soil modifier, enriched with microorganisms, oil destructors and technogrunt.

The soil modifier obtained as a result of the method for cleaning oil-containing bottom sediments can be used as a structurator for subsequent use in the described cleaning method as a multicomponent material that intensifies the processes of destruction of oil products at treatment sites. The technogrunt obtained as a result of the method for cleaning oily bottom sediments is pure inert soil and can be used for arranging dams, as an inert filler in the reclamation of buffer ponds, barns and quarries, for reconstruction, reclamation of temporary production, auxiliary sites, for dumping and planning of embankments for the arrangement of drainage systems, use as backfill during construction work, contouring oil spillage with a bulk dam and earthen trenches, backfilling of excavations formed during mechanical removal of contaminated soil, use as material for refilling waste and arranging an insulating layer at industrial waste landfills and municipal solid waste.

The ability to use the products resulting from the method - soil modifier, enriched with microorganisms, oil destructors, and technogrunt, further increases the efficiency of cleaning bottom sediments from oil products and reduces the cost of resources used for cleaning.

Pilot tests of the application of technology for producing products by bioremediation.

Pilot tests were carried out at the buffer pond of the Omsk oil refinery.

As part of the tests, a test site was equipped to test the method with withdrawal and a trial section to study the effectiveness of the method without withdrawal.

Example 1

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed acceptable terrain conditions (4% slope) to determine the water cut, which corresponded to 28%, to determine the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 25% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a filler in the form of sawdust was unloaded on top of the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Devoroil biological product and a reagent gumik. The working solution of the biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 34 liters of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO by means of a mobile diesel pump station for introducing the solution. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months amounted to 15% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 40%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 2

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a suitable slope angle (4%), determining the water cut, which corresponded to 20%, and determining the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 22.7% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a structurator in the form of straw was unloaded on top of the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Arcoil biological product and the Sakhalin humate reagent. Summing the working solution of biological product and reagents is carried out by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution, calculated on the basis of the flow rate of 4.4 l of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO,. through a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products, laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products at the completion of the treatment for a period of two months was 14.5%. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 36%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 3

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a suitable slope angle (1%), the determination of water cut, which corresponded to 25% of the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 16.8% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a sand builder was unloaded on top of the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Devoroil biological product and the Sakhalin humate reagent. The working solution of a biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 34 liters of a solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO., By means of a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products at the completion of the two-month treatment period was 10.4% by mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 38%, while the process dynamics increased over time.

Example 4

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a suitable slope angle (2%), determining the water cut, which corresponded to 21%, and determining the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 25.8% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a structurator in the form of a mixture of sawdust and straw was discharged over the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of Biome biological product and Azofosk reagent. The working solution of a biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 20.3 liters of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO, using a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months amounted to 15.5% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 40%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 5

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a suitable slope angle (3%), determining the water cut, which corresponded to 24%, and determining the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 21% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a structurator in the form of a mixture of sawdust and sand was discharged over the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Arcoil biological product and the Sakhalin humate reagent. The working solution of the biological product and the reagents are supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 4.4 liters of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO using a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products at the completion of the two-month treatment period was 13.7% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 35%, while the process dynamics increased over time.

Example 6

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a slope angle (4%), determining the water cut, which corresponded to 29%, and determining the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 18.9% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a structurator in the form of a mixture of straw and sand was discharged over the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Devoroil biological product and Gumik reagent. The working solution of a biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 34 liters of a solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO, using a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months amounted to 13.2% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 30%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 7

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a suitable slope angle (3%), determining the water cut, which corresponded to 27%, and determining the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 26% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, on top of the NDO, the structurer was unloaded in the form of a mixture of sawdust, straw and sand. The formation of collars is carried out by a mobile complex of remediation with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of biological product Biome and reagent Gumik. The working solution of a biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 20.3 liters of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO, using a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products, laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products at the completion of the treatment for a period of two months was 18% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 31%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 8

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. The assessment was carried out using a topographic survey, which showed a suitable slope angle (1%), determining the water cut, which corresponded to 24%, and determining the initial concentration of oil products, which amounted to 32.3% of the mass. The availability of free sites and the availability of equipment for operation have been established.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, on top of the NDO, the structurer was unloaded in the form of a soil modifier obtained after the completion of the cleaning cycle according to the removal method. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Biome biological product and the Sakhalin humate reagent. The working solution of a biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 20.3 liters of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO, using a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. Laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months amounted to 19.4% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 40%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 9

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. When choosing a method, a gas-geochemical survey of the site was preliminarily performed to assess the potential need for cleaning. The water cut over the entire site corresponded to 30% and the initial concentration of oil products amounted to 18.5% of the mass.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method without exemption.

The buffer ponds where the cleaning was carried out were pre-equipped with a filtration barrier, which is a bed and a side of the buffer pond equipped with a waterproofing layer, a container for preparing (activating) working solutions of biological products, a switchgear for switching the supply of the biological product and compressed air, and a pipeline.

To test the method without withdrawal, a site was selected in a place inaccessible to large-sized equipment with a sufficient power of NDO (about 3-3.5 m). Wells were drilled with a motor-drill for the full capacity of NDO with a hole in the underlying rocks. Further, the wells were fixed with a deepening of the casing and sump in the waterproofing layer of the hydraulic structure, which has a greater bearing capacity.

The supply of the working solution of the biological product and aeration was carried out using a pump system. The working solution of the biological product and the reagent was fed from the tank into the pipeline, through which the solution then entered the well. The distribution device controlled the switching of the feed of the biological product and compressed air through the perforated parts of the well. The active solution of the biological product Biome and the reagent gumik was fed through the perforated sections of the wells with the subsequent supply of compressed air through a pump and compressor based on the flow rate of 1420 l per 1 well. Aeration was carried out 1 time in 10 days.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. Laboratory studies showed that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months was 12% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 35%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 10

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. When choosing a method, a gas-geochemical survey of the site was preliminarily performed to assess the potential need for cleaning. The water cut over the entire plot corresponded to 50%. Using topographic surveys, the slope of the site relief was determined (5%), the initial concentration of oil products was 21% of the mass.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method without exemption.

The buffer ponds where the cleaning was carried out were pre-equipped with a filtration barrier, which is a bed and a side of the buffer pond equipped with a waterproofing layer, a container for preparing (activating) working solutions of biological products, a switchgear for switching the supply of the biological product and compressed air, and a pipeline.

To test the method without withdrawal, a site was selected in a place inaccessible to large-sized equipment with a sufficient power of NDO (about 3-3.5 m). Wells were drilled with a motor-drill for the full capacity of NDO with a hole in the underlying rocks. Further, the wells were fixed with a deepening of the casing and sump in the waterproofing layer of the hydraulic structure, which has a greater bearing capacity.

The supply of the working solution of the biological product and aeration was carried out using a pump system. The working solution of the biological product and the reagent was fed from the tank into the pipeline, through which the solution then entered the well. The distribution device controlled the switching of the feed of the biological product and compressed air through the perforated parts of the well. The active solution of the biological product Biome and the reagent gumik was fed through the perforated sections of the wells with the subsequent supply of compressed air through a pump and compressor based on the flow rate of 1420 l per 1 well. Aeration was carried out 1 time in 10 days.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. Laboratory studies have shown that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months amounted to 13.7% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 35%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Example 11

At the initial stage, an object was evaluated to determine the optimal implementation method - with the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments for their cleaning from oil products on the territory of the object, without the removal of oil-containing bottom sediments (NDO) from the natural environment or a combination of both cleaning approaches. When choosing a method, a gas-geochemical survey of the site was preliminarily performed to assess the potential need for cleaning. The assessment was also carried out using a topographic survey, which showed that part of the sites had a suitable slope angle (3%), the remaining sites had a slope angle of more than 4%. The water content of the territory corresponded to 29%, the initial concentration of oil products amounted to 30% of the mass.

Based on the data received, it was decided to carry out the method with and without exemption.

The test site was chosen adjacent to the site with the NDO, with a gentle relief using topographic surveys, equipped with a waterproofing coating. The NDO was unloaded by an excavator from the edge of the site. Then, a structurator in the form of a mixture of straw and sand was discharged over the NDO. The collars are formed by a mobile remediation complex with the simultaneous introduction of a working solution of the Arcoil biological product and the Sakhalin humate reagent. The working solution of a biological product and reagents is supplied by pumping them from the daily capacity of the stock of working solution calculated on the basis of a flow rate of 20 liters of solution per 1 cubic meter of NDO using a mobile diesel pump station for irrigation. The introduction of the biological product solution is carried out using a deluge system or a sprinkler system integrated into the mobile remediation complex, which also includes equipment for the formation and tedding of heaps. Then, using the specialized equipment MKR (mobile remediation complex), tedding was carried out. Tedding was carried out with a frequency of 1 time per month.

At the same time, the method was carried out without exemption. The buffer ponds where the cleaning was carried out were pre-equipped with a filtration barrier, which is a bed and a side of the buffer pond equipped with a waterproofing layer, a container for preparing (activating) working solutions of biological products, a switchgear for switching the supply of the biological product and compressed air, and a pipeline.

The cleaning site was selected in a place inaccessible to large-sized equipment with a sufficient capacity of the NDO (about 3-3.5 m). Wells were drilled with a motor-drill for the full capacity of NDO with a hole in the underlying rocks. Further, the wells were fixed with a deepening of the casing and sump in the waterproofing layer of the hydraulic structure, which has a greater bearing capacity.

The supply of the working solution of the biological product and aeration was carried out using a pump system. The working solution of the biological product was fed from the tank into the pipeline, through which the solution then entered the well. The distribution device controlled the switching of the feed of the biological product and compressed air through the perforated parts of the well. The active solution of the biological product Biome and the reagent gumik was fed through the perforated sections of the wells with the subsequent supply of compressed air through a pump and compressor based on the flow rate of 1420 l per 1 well. Aeration was carried out 1 time in 10 days.

Pilot tests were carried out for two months. Throughout the entire period, the effectiveness of the process was monitored through laboratory analysis for the content of petroleum products. Laboratory studies have shown that the concentration of petroleum products upon completion of the treatment for a period of two months amounted to 18% of the mass. Thus, we can conclude that the bioremediation efficiency for this period was 30%, while the dynamics of the process increased over time.

Thus, the claimed invention increases the efficiency of cleaning bottom sediments from oil products by reducing the need for additional areas, expanding the scope of the method, reducing the negative environmental load from dusting, reducing the time and resources spent on cleaning, obtaining an effective product for use in as a structurer.

Claims (4)

1. The method of cleaning oily bottom sediments, characterized in that it includes the formation of a site adjacent to the site with oily bottom sediments, oily bottom sediments are removed from the site and placed on the site, make the structurer in the form of sand, and / or sawdust, and / or straw and form technological collars with the simultaneous introduction of a biological product and a reagent in the form of substances that can stimulate the activity of microorganisms and intensify biological treatment. 2. A method for cleaning oil-containing bottom sediments, characterized by arranging wells with holes by installing casing and a sump in them with a deeper hole in a layer that is more stable than oil-containing bottom sediments, and an aqueous solution of a biological product and a reagent are pumped in the form of substances that can stimulate activity of microorganisms and intensify biological treatment followed by regular aeration of the solution through the wells. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the well is deepened to a depth of 15-20% of the power of oily bottom sediments. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the reagents used are the humic-mineral complex and fertilizers.

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