RU2799532C1 - Sod seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sod seeder comprises support-driven and rear wheels located on the frame, fertilizer and seed boxes with sowing devices and their drive, fertilizer lines and seed lines, press rollers, a drive gearbox for fertilizer and seed sowing devices, a milling section having operating elements in the form of disks with soil-cultivating knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, fertilizer guides and seed guides, a casing that has additional trough-shaped seed guides located on it, copying its outer surface and ending in the lower part with a soil deformer. Whereas the soil deformer has the form of repeating grooves, the height of which is not less than the depth of seed placement. Each additional trough-shaped seed guide is made in sections of its upper surface parallel to the movement direction of the seeder by longitudinal vertical planes along identical cycloids. Each cycloid lies in its vertical plane and, among other things, passes through point A of seed supply to an additional trough-shaped seed guide and point B of contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer. Whereas the cycloid is described by a point rolling from below along a horizontal straight circle, convexly facing downwards and has a horizontal tangent at point B of contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the uniformity of seeding of grass seeds by preventing their unloading in the grooves of the soil deformers.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to tools for sowing seeds of grass in the turf.

Known sod seeder combined (see A.S. RU No. 2204890, IPC 7 A01B 49/06, 49/04, A01C 7/20, 27.05.2003, Bull. No. 15), containing on the frame a milling section with working elements in in the form of L-shaped knives with a mechanism for regulating the depth of sod processing, closed by a casing, in the rear part of which seed and fertilizer guides are installed, containers of mineral fertilizers with fertilizer sowing devices, grass seed containers with sowing devices, support-drive wheels, seeding device drive gearbox and rolling rollers.

The disadvantage of this seeder is that the seeds of grasses and fertilizers are sown in an ordinary way at the same level in the depth of tillage, as a result of which grass seeds do not fully use the nutritional capabilities of fertilizers during the development period. In addition, grass seeds are sown unevenly in depth, which is why they do not have sufficient field germination.

Known planter for strip sowing grass seeds in the turf with local application of mineral fertilizers (see A.S. No. 2237987, IPC 7 A01C 7/00, A01B 79/02, 49/06, 20.10.2004, Bull. No. 29), containing on the frame support-drive and rear wheels, fertilizer and seed boxes with sowing devices and their drive, fertilizer and seed ducts, press rollers, a drive gearbox for fertilizer and seed sowing devices, a milling section having working elements in the form of disks with tillage knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, a casing, a fertilizer and seed guide, while the fertilizer and seed guide is made in the form of a cylindrical tube with a bevel at the outlet end, forming an ellipse with a horizontal minor axis, and along the entire length of the cylindrical tube along the minor axis of the ellipse is divided into two channel with a flat partition. The first channel, formed by a flat partition and the lower part of the pipe, communicates with the fertilizer duct, and the second, formed by the partition and the upper part of the pipe, communicates with the seed duct.

The disadvantage of this seeder is that at the time of sowing seeds and fertilizers, there is no complete separation of the row of fertilizers and the strip of seeds from the soil. In addition, due to the small diameter of the fertilizer and seed guides, as well as the effect of the soil on the seeds, they do not completely sow the entire width of the strip.

Known, taken as a prototype, sod seeder, containing located on the frame support-drive and rear wheels, fertilizer and seed boxes with sowing machines and their drive, fertilizer and seed ducts, press rollers, gear drive fertilizer and seed sowing machines, milling section, having working elements in the form of disks with soil-cultivating knives, a mechanism for regulating the depth of processing, fertilizer and seed guides, a casing that has additional trough-shaped seed guides located on it, copying its outer surface and ending in the lower part with a soil deformer, moreover, the soil deformer has the shape of repeating grooves with a height not less than the depth of seeding (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2283564, IPC A01C 7/00; A01B 49/06, 09/20/2006, Bull. No. 26).

The disadvantage of the known device is that the grass seeds come from the seed guides to the upper convex parts of the additional trough-shaped seed guides, where the vertical component of their speed is largely extinguished, then they, moving down along the additional trough-shaped seed guides, only slightly increase their speed. the shape of the upper surfaces of the additional trough-shaped seed guides is not optimal for their rapid passage by seeds, and at the moment of contact of the seeds with the upper surfaces of the soil deformers, their speed has a small horizontal component, which prevents the seeds from passing over this surface and leads to their unloading on it in grooves, violating seed sowing process.

Known brachistochrone, curve of the fastest descent (https://azbukametalla.ru/entsiklopediya/b/brakhistokhrona.html), related to the question of mechanics about the movement of a material point along a given line under the influence of gravity. Between two points A and B, located at different heights above the horizon, one can imagine an innumerable number of different lines along which a material point, forced to remain on such a line, can make its transition from an upper position to a lower one under the influence of gravity. The time of this movement depends on the height difference, the initial speed and the type of the given line. A brachistochrone is that of the lines connecting points A and B along which movement is made at the same initial speed in the shortest period of time. Such a line turns out to be a cycloid, which lies in a vertical plane passing through points A and B, is described by a point rolling along a horizontal straight circle, convex downwards and has a horizontal tangent at point B.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the uniformity of sowing grass seeds by preventing their unloading in the grooves of the soil deformers.

The problem is solved with the help of a sod seeder, containing support-drive and rear wheels located on the frame, fertilizer and seed boxes with sowing machines and their drive, fertilizer and seed ducts, press rollers, a drive gearbox for fertilizer and seed sowing machines, a milling section having working elements in the form of discs with soil-cultivating knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, fertilizer and seed guides, a casing that has additional trough-shaped seed guides located on it, copying its outer surface and ending in the lower part with a soil deformer, moreover, the soil deformer has the form of repeating grooves with a height not less than the seed placement depth, where each additional trough-shaped seed guide is made in sections of its upper surface parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder by longitudinal vertical planes along the same cycloids, each of which lies in its vertical plane, and also passes through the point A of the seed supply to the additional trough-shaped seed guide and point B of contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer, while the cycloid is described by a point rolling from below along a horizontal straight circle, convex downwards and has a horizontal tangent at point B of contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer.

The drawings show diagrams illustrating the essence of the invention, Fig.1 - diagram of the seeder; figure 2 is a diagram of the casing with an additional seed guide.

Combined turf seeder contains a frame 1 with front support-drive 23 and rear 26 wheels. On the frame there is a gearbox 4 with a chain drive 3 seed 9 and fertilizer 6 devices, fertilizer 7 and seed 8 boxes, fertilizer 5 and seed ducts 10, rollers 14, milling sections 20 with tillage knives 18 and closed casings 19, fertilizer 13 and seed guides 17. The casing 19 has additional trough-shaped seed guides 16, ending in the lower part with a soil deformer 15. To prevent the seeds from coming off the additional trough-shaped 8 seed guide 16, it is equipped with sides 25. The soil deformer has the form of repeating grooves 24 with a height h not less than the seeding depth and in order to more accurately copy the field, it is made spring-loaded. The width of the soil deformer b is equal to the width of the cultivated strip. The drive of the milling section is carried out from the PTO of the tractor through the cardan shaft 2, the clutch 22 and the reducer 21.

To transfer the seeder from the transport position to the working position, a hydraulic cylinder 11 is used, which is pivotally connected to a two-arm leash 12 with a support wheel 26 at the end, the two-arm leash 12, in turn, with its middle part, is pivotally rotatably attached to the frame 1.

Each additional trough-shaped seed guide 16 is made in sections of its upper surface parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder by longitudinal vertical planes along the same cycloids, each of which lies in its vertical plane, and also passes through the point A of seed supply to the additional trough-shaped seed guide 16 and the point B of contact cycloids with the upper surface of the soil deformer 15 (shown in Fig. 2 by a dashed line), while the cycloid is described by a point rolling from below along a horizontal straight circle, convex downwards and has a horizontal tangent at the point B of contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer 15.

Sod seeder works as follows.

When the sod seeder is operating, the tillage knives 18 of the milling section 20, driven from the tractor PTO through the cardan shaft 2, the clutch 22 and the gearbox 21, mechanically destroy the sod strips. The movement from the support-drive wheels 23 is transmitted through the chain transmission to the gearbox 4 and through the chain drive 3 to the seed metering 9 and fertilizer metering 6 devices. Seeds of grasses and fertilizers from boxes 8 and 7 are sent by seeding 9 and fertilizer 6 devices to fertilizer 5 and seed ducts 10, which are connected to fertilizer 13 and 17 seed guides. seeds and covered with crumbling soil. Grass seeds from seed guides 17 are fed to additional trough-shaped seed guides 16 at point A, where they are distributed under the action of gravity over its entire width and enter the grooves 24 of the soil deformer 15 with a maximum horizontal speed, which prevents them from being loaded in the grooves 24, and are evenly stacked into grooves cut by these grooves 24 to a predetermined depth (1.0 ... 1.5 cm).

Since the width of the soil deformer 15 is equal to the width of the cultivated strip, the grass seeds are distributed evenly over the strip. Under the action of the rollers 14, the soil in the strips is compacted, the ridges of the grooves are destroyed, and the seeds are covered with crumbling soil and embedded to a depth h . In this scheme, fertilizers are sown in a row way lower in depth than grass seed strips, which will ensure the localization of fertilizers.

The use of a combined sod seeder will ensure uniform distribution of grass seeds over the depth and width of the strip by preventing them from being unloaded in the grooves of soil deformers, which means it will increase their field germination, which will effectively affect the yield of grasses.

Claims (1)

Sod seeder, containing support-drive and rear wheels located on the frame, fertilizer and seed boxes with sowing devices and their drive, fertilizer lines and seed lines, press rollers, a drive gearbox for fertilizer and seed sowing devices, a milling section having working elements in the form of disks with soil-cultivating knives, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, fertilizer guides and seed guides, a casing that has additional trough-shaped seed guides located on it, copying its outer surface and ending in the lower part with a soil deformer, moreover, the soil deformer has the form of repeating grooves, the height of which is not less than the seed placement depth, characterized in that each additional trough-shaped seed guide is made in sections of its upper surface parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder by longitudinal vertical planes along the same cycloids, each of which lies in its vertical plane and, among other things, passes through the point A of seed supply to the additional trough-shaped seed guide and point B contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer, while the cycloid is described by a point rolling from below along a horizontal straight circle, convex downwards and has a horizontal tangent at point B of contact of the cycloid with the upper surface of the soil deformer.

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