RU2794562C1 - Method for firing from a ballistic installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ballistic installation.

SUBSTANCE: method of firing from a ballistic installation, in which the energy of the oxidizer under high pressure is used to move the piston of the ballistic installation, in which the pressure in the expansion chamber is increased and the pressure in the low-pressure chamber with fuel is reduced. With the subsequent mixing of the oxidizer and fuel vapours, the mixture spontaneously ignites. The propelling gas is accelerated in the conical channel of the shot-producing installation.

EFFECT: increase in the speed of the projectile at the exit from the bore of the ballistic installation, a decrease in the peak pressures of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ballistic installations of high-speed throwing.

A known method of throwing from a barreled powder ballistic installation, including placing a powder charge in its charging chamber, introducing a missile object into the installation, initiating the charge and a missile object installed in the barrel at a distance of 2400 mm from the exit from the charging chamber (see, for example, the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2613639, IPC F41F 1/00 dated 10/16/2015).

The main disadvantage of this throwing method is that the mechanism for reducing the peak pressures of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation is not implemented.

A known method of producing a shot from a caseless weapon where gas (s) is supplied under pressure to an area of low pressure, followed by detonation of the gas-vapor mixture. (see, for example, RF patent No. 2766614, IPC F41B 11/00 of 06/07/2021). The main disadvantage of this method of producing a shot is that the gases are not heated before they are fed into the area of low pressure.

There is also a known method for the design synthesis of ballistic installations with a hydrodynamic effect based on a genetic algorithm (see, DOI: 10.18698/0236-3941-2016-4-128-143, ISSN 0236-3941. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman. Ser Mashinostroenie, 2016, No. 4), this work was chosen as a prototype.

The main disadvantage of this throwing method is that the mechanism for reducing the peak pressures of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation is not implemented.

The technical result consists in increasing the speed of the projectile at the exit from the bore of the ballistic installation, reducing the peak pressure of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation.

The technical result is achieved by using the method of firing from a ballistic installation, in which the energy of the oxidizer under high pressure is used to move the piston of the ballistic installation, in which the pressure in the chamber with expansion is increased and the pressure in the low-pressure chamber with fuel is reduced. With the subsequent mixing of the oxidizer and fuel vapors, the mixture spontaneously ignites. The propelling gas is accelerated in the conical channel of the shot-producing apparatus.

Technical solutions with features that distinguish the claimed solutions from prototypes are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the proposed technical solution has a "novelty" and "inventive step".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of supply of the oxidizer;

figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of lowering the pressure of saturated vapors;

figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of throttling the oxidizer into the piston volume;

figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of supply of heated gases and oxidizer in the area of low pressure;

figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of supply of the oxidizer in the low pressure chamber;

figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of the beginning of the reduction of the peak pressure of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation;

figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of reducing the peak pressure of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation.

The device of the method of firing from a ballistic installation consists of the following elements:

- building 1 ballistic installation,

- high pressure tank 2,

- crane 3,

- check valve 4,

- channel 5 for supplying the oxidizer,

- high pressure chamber 6,

- piston 7,

- broadening 8,

- stem 9,

- projectile 10,

- fuel 11,

- low pressure chamber 12,

- conical channel 13,

- ribs 14 of piston 7,

- channel 15 of piston 7,

- ribs 16 of stem 9,

- bore 17.

The method of firing from a ballistic installation is implemented as follows.

The oxidizer from the high pressure tank 2 (see Fig. 1) through the open valve 3 and the check valve 4 through the oxidizer supply channel 5 enters the high pressure chamber 6. Under the influence of the energy of the oxidizer (high pressure) (see Fig. 2) the piston 7 moves in the high pressure chamber 6 and the low pressure chamber 12. At the same time, the volume of the low pressure chamber 12 increases and the pressure decreases in the volume formed by: the walls of the projectile 10, the walls of the conical channel 13, the walls of the low pressure chamber 12, the ribs 14 of the piston 7, the walls of the end face of the piston 7, the walls of the channel 15 of the piston 7 and the walls of the rod 9. When this fuel 11 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), as a result of lowering the pressure of saturated vapors, partially evaporates into the interior of the cavitation bubbles and forms a vapor-gas mixture. At the same time, the piston volume formed by: the walls of the high-pressure chamber 6 with broadening 8, the walls of the piston 7, the walls of the channel 15 of the piston 7, the walls of the rod 9 and the ribs 16 of the rod 9 decreases. In this case, the pressure of the gases in the piston volume increases and they are heated. In this case, the oxidizer is fed into the high-pressure chamber 6 (see Fig. 4) tangentially to the surface of this chamber, as a result of which vortex flows of the oxidizer are formed in the high-pressure chamber 6. With further movement of the piston 7 in the high pressure chamber 6 (see Fig. 3), the piston 7 enters the broadening 8. The oxidizer through the narrowing formed by the walls of the broadening 8 and the walls of the piston 7 is throttled into the piston volume. This increases the gas pressure in the piston volume. The subsequent movement of the piston 7 (see Fig. 4) leads to the opening of the channel 15 of the piston 7. In this case, the heated gases and the oxidizer are supplied through the gap formed by the channel 15 of the piston 7 and the ribs 16 of the rod 9 into the chamber 12 of low pressure (into the area of low pressure) . And through the gap (see Fig. 5) formed by the walls of the low-pressure chamber 12 and the walls of the ribs 14 of the piston 7, an oxidizer is additionally supplied from the high-pressure chamber 6 to the low-pressure chamber 12. This increases the pressure in the low-pressure chamber 12, mixture formation of heated gases, oxidizer and fuel, their heat exchange and self-ignition of the fuel. At the same time, the pressure in the low pressure chamber 12 increases significantly and, as a result of the entry of bubbles into a region with a pressure above the saturation pressure, the resulting cavitation bubbles implode. In this case, under the influence of pressure, in the fuel shells of bubbles begin to move towards the center with increasing acceleration. Due to thermodynamic gas processes in the cavitation bubbles, the pressure and temperature inside the bubbles increase, the cavitation bubbles store kinetic energy sufficient to overcome the growing pressure. At the same time, with increasing pressure, the content of bubbles begins to condense on the inside of the bubble shells, which lowers the pressure in the bubbles and therefore the bubble shells can decrease further. Subsequently, the bubbles collapse and, in this case, kinetic energy is released. The stored kinetic energy is converted into the energy of the explosion. When the fuel is burned, a propelling gas is formed which (see Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) when passing through the conical channel 13 receives an increase in speed, as a result of which the projectile 10 acquires additional acceleration in the bore 17. In this case, the pressure of the propelling gas (see Fig. 6) acts on the piston 7. In this case, the piston 7 takes the extreme position relative to the bore 17. This increases the pressure in the chamber 6 of the high pressure and in the channel 15 of the piston 7. In this case, the check valve 4 shuts off the supply of oxidizer. With further movement of the projectile 10 through the bore 17, the pressure equalizes in the high pressure chamber 6, in the bore 15 of the piston 7 and in the low pressure chamber 12. With further movement of the projectile 10 (see Fig. 7) along the bore 17, gases are displaced from the high pressure chamber 6, due to the pressure difference, through the ribs 14 of the piston 7 and the ribs 16 of the rod 9 into the low pressure chamber 12. As a result, there is a decrease in the peak pressures of the propellant gas acting on the ballistic installation 1. When the projectile 10 leaves the bore 17, the pressure decreases in: the bore 17, the conical bore 13, the low-pressure chamber 12, the ribs 14 of the piston 7, the bore 15 of the piston 7 and the chamber 6 high pressure with widening 8. In this case, the check valve 4 opens the supply of oxidizer. In this case, afterburning of the combustion products occurs, followed by cooling of the ballistic installation by an expanding oxidizer.

The advantages of the method of firing from a ballistic installation are:

- increasing the speed of the projectile 10 at the exit from the bore 17 of the ballistic installation,

- reducing the peak pressures of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation.

These advantages are realized by using the energy of the oxidizer to reduce the pressure in the low-pressure chamber, partial evaporation of the fuel into the cavitation bubbles and the formation of a vapor-gas mixture of fuel with a simultaneous increase in gas pressure in the piston volume and their heating, followed by throttling of the oxidizer into the piston volume, the supply of heated gases and oxidizer to the area of low pressure. In this case, the mixture formation of heated gases, oxidizer and fuel, their heat exchange and self-ignition of the fuel with the formation of a propellant gas take place. At the same time, the pressure in the low-pressure chamber increases significantly and the cavitation bubbles formed burst. This releases kinetic energy. The stored kinetic energy is converted into the energy of the explosion. In this case, the throwing gas, when passing through the conical channel, receives an increase in speed, as a result of which the projectile acquires additional acceleration. In this case, there is a decrease in the peak pressures of the propelling gas acting on the ballistic installation.

All of the above differences are the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of firing from a ballistic installation, which uses the pressure of a propelling gas, characterized in that due to the tangential supply of an oxidizer under high pressure into the high pressure chamber, the piston is moved towards the expansion in the installation housing, while simultaneously lowering the pressure in the low pressure chamber with fuel, thereby thereby increasing the pressure in the broadening of the housing, while when the piston reaches the beginning of the broadening, an oxidizer is supplied from the high-pressure chamber into the broadening for mixing with heated gas and feeding along the piston rod ribs and additionally along the piston ribs of the mixture into the low-pressure chamber to ensure self-ignition of the mixture of fuel, oxidizer and heated gas, the resulting propelling gas is accelerated in a conical channel to fire a projectile.

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