RU2793126C1 - Method for manufacturing fuel briquettes and fuel briquette - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of fuel briquettes.

SUBSTANCE: method for manufacturing a fuel briquette is proposed, which includes pyrolysis of raw materials, cooling and stabilization of the carbon filler, mixing with a binder and water, molding and drying, characterized by the fact that in the process of obtaining a carbon filler there is a continuous movement and mixing of the material. Sunflower husk is used as a raw material. A fuel briquette is also proposed.

EFFECT: obtaining fuel briquettes enabling smokeless combustion, easy flammability and uniform autonomous combustion of an individual briquette, reducing the labor and material intensity of the manufacturing process.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of fuel briquettes from vegetable raw materials intended for use in domestic conditions, in particular, in barbecues, grills and barbecues, mainly for smoking hookah.

“It is known that hookah charcoal should be of high density, easily ignited and burn for a long time at a constant temperature ... should not be interrupted by the smell of tobacco.” [Equipnet.ru - "Equipment for business" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://www.equipnet.ru]. According to experts, the highest quality charcoal for smoking hookah is made from coconut shells with the addition of water and starch from cassava root. Also, as a raw material for the production of hookah coals, walnut shells, hazelnuts, vines, bamboo, wood of fruit trees (apple, olive, cherry, lemon, etc.) can be used [Production of coal for hookah / Anton Unknown - My business [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://moybiznes.org]. The choice of raw materials is determined by the location of the coal producer, as well as the technologies and equipment used. In fact, the raw material for the production of hookah coal can be almost any non-resinous organic raw material of plant origin, including agricultural waste, for example, husks. In the Russian Federation, crops such as sunflower, buckwheat and others are cultivated, while deep processing of the crop is not widespread enough. Husk (seed husk) is a valuable renewable organic raw material for the production of a wide range of products.

“The fruit coat (pericarp, husk) consists of the epidermis, hypodermis (cork tissue), phytomelan layer, sclerenchyma and parenchyma. The shell layer consists of the carbonaceous substance phytomelan. … The cell wall of the sunflower shell is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. … Sunflower husk is characterized by relatively high carbon content and low ash content.” [Kovehova A.V. Features of the chemical composition of sunflower fruit shells and products of their processing: dis. ... cand. chem. Sciences / Kovekhova Anna Vasilievna. - Vladivostok: Dalnevost. fed. un-t, 2015]. These features of the sunflower husk structure indicate the possibility of its deep processing to obtain a carbon-containing product, which is a raw material for the production of a wide range of materials, including coal briquettes.

The traditional technology for the production of hookah coal, which is a fuel briquette, is implemented as follows. Raw materials are carefully sorted, cleaning the shell from the remnants of the pulp and impurities [Production of coal for hookah / Anton Neizvestnykh - My business [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://moybiznes.org]. Then it is crushed to a fraction of 5 mm and transported to a pyrolysis reactor, where at a temperature of 450-550°C and without air access, the reaction of raw material transformation into pure carbon takes place. The pyrolysis gases formed as a result of a chemical reaction are burned in the reactor, the heat released during this process maintains the process. As a result, pure carbon is obtained at a temperature of 70-80°C, it is packaged in iron barrels for cooling and stabilization. The barrels are hermetically sealed to prevent oxygen ingress and spontaneous combustion. After a few days, starch and water are added to the cooled carbon, which can be subjected to preliminary crushing, the mixture is thoroughly mixed for about 20 minutes. The resulting mixture at a temperature to activate the binder is loaded into a press, at the exit of which coal is obtained in the form of cubes or another shape (depending on the equipment and equipment used). Then the resulting product is dried for 5-6 hours by air currents, infrared radiation or other available method. The disadvantages of this technology include the dependence of the quality of the obtained coals on the quality of the feedstock (degree of maturity, humidity, thoroughness of shell cleaning from pulp residues, degree and uniformity of grinding, etc.), the need for grinding and sorting (sifting) of the coal-containing product after pyrolysis, high labor intensity and material consumption of the process. If a large amount of the pulverized fraction of the carbon product gets into the finished briquettes during the combustion process, they will smoke, and the duration of their combustion will decrease due to their increased density. The specified method for the manufacture of fuel briquettes is essentially close to the declared one, therefore, it was chosen as a prototype.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for manufacturing fuel briquettes that provide smokeless combustion, easy flammability and uniform autonomous combustion of an individual briquette, reducing the labor and material intensity of the manufacturing process.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved through the use of available renewable vegetable raw materials, initially characterized by homogeneity of properties (geometrical dimensions, weight, humidity, etc.), exclusion from the technological process of sorting and grinding raw materials, reducing the density of briquettes by providing microporosity.

The claimed invention is implemented as follows.

Sunflower husk in its natural state (without pre-sorting, grinding, etc.) is fed by a screw spiral conveyor to the pyrolysis zone, while intensive mixing of the flow particles and its homogenization occurs. Further, the husk stream is subjected to continuous high-temperature pyrolysis without oxygen access. The resulting pyrolysis gases are burned in the pyrolysis zone, ensuring the maintenance of the pyrolysis process and the release of the required amount of heat. At the exit from the pyrolysis zone, a hot (temperature 50-80°C) powdered carbon product is formed with a high carbon content (up to 95%) and a grain (particle) size of 0.5-5.0 mm. The resulting product is cooled and stabilized during its movement by a screw spiral conveyor in a closed space, washed by atmospheric air flows, without oxygen access. A distinctive feature of the claimed method is the constant movement and mixing of the flow of particles in the course of the technological process by means of screw spiral conveyors. In the process of stabilization, hot particles of a carbon product constantly interact with each other (hit) and with the turns of the conveyor, as a result of which their structure is destroyed and the flow is homogenized according to the geometric dimensions of its constituent particles. The flow of the cooled carbon product is mixed with a natural binder (starch, wheat flour, etc.) and water, the resulting mixture is intensively mixed, molded and dried by any available method. The proportions of the components of the mixture coal filler: natural binder: water are selected rationally, taking into account the area of use of the resulting fuel briquettes: hookah coal, coal for barbecues, etc. The mixture is molded by any of the possible methods and devices, as a result of which fuel briquettes can be obtained in the form of regular parallelepipeds , cylinders, tablets, spherical and any irregular geometric bodies. As a result of constant mixing of the flow of particles, they are uniformly processed at all stages of the technological process, and their natural structure (including porosity) is partially preserved. The difference in the grain size of the coal product and the binder ensures the formation of natural pores and microvoids in the resulting briquettes, which, during their further combustion, ensures uniform and autonomous combustion and the absence of smoke.

Known fuel briquette containing crushed charcoal, starch or wheat flour, water [US Pat. No. 2187542. Russian Federation. Fuel briquette (options) / Tumarkin V.V.; patentee: Tumarkin V.V. Published 08/20/2002. - Access mode: http://wwwl.fips.ru]. The invention expands the range of solid fuels and contributes to the creation of environmentally friendly briquetted fuels with high energy and strength characteristics, applicable both for heating premises, including residential ones, and for cooking in barbecues, grills and barbecues without deteriorating its organoleptic properties. The disadvantage of this fuel briquette is the use of coal obtained from wood as a filler. This invention, in its essence, is the closest to the claimed one, therefore, it was chosen as a prototype.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to expand the range of fuel briquettes.

The technical result is achieved through the use of pre-pyrolyzed sunflower husk as a coal filler.

The invention is implemented as follows.

Sunflower meadows are previously subjected to continuous high-temperature pyrolysis without oxygen, cooling and stabilization. As a result of the implementation of these operations, a powdered carbon product is formed with a high carbon content (up to 95%) and a grain (particle) size of 0.5-5.0 mm. Depending on the field of use of fuel briquettes, the proportions of the mixture coal filler: binder: water are rationally selected. As a binder, natural components of plant origin are used, for example, starch, flour and the like. This ensures the environmental friendliness of the resulting briquettes, their safety and the possibility of using them, including for hookahs, cooking, etc.

The components of the mixture in the required proportions are combined in a container and intensively mixed. After mixing and maturation, the resulting mixture is molded - depending on the methods and devices used, the briquettes are given a certain shape, then they are dried by any available method. The proportions of the components of the mixture coal filler: natural binder: water are selected rationally, taking into account the area of use of the resulting fuel briquettes: hookah coal, coal for barbecues, etc. The mixture is molded by any of the possible methods and devices, as a result of which fuel briquettes can be obtained in the form of regular parallelepipeds , cylinders, tablets, spherical and any irregular geometric bodies. The difference in the grain size of the coal product and the binder ensures the formation of natural pores and microvoids in the resulting briquettes, which, during their further combustion, ensures uniform and autonomous combustion and the absence of smoke.

The claimed invention provides for the expansion of the range of fuel briquettes, and also improves the efficiency and environmental friendliness of sunflower processing through waste disposal and obtaining additional marketable products.

Claims (2)

1. A method for manufacturing a fuel briquette, containing pyrolysis of raw materials, cooling and stabilization of the carbon filler, mixing with a binder and water, molding, drying, characterized in that in the process of obtaining a carbon filler, the material is continuously moved and mixed, sunflower husk is used as a raw material. 2. A fuel briquette obtained by carrying out the method according to claim 1, containing a carbon filler, a binder and water, characterized in that pre-pyrolyzed and stabilized sunflower husk is used as a carbon filler.