RU2786348C1 - Broadband vibrator antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antenna technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to antenna technology, in particular, to antenna-feeder devices, namely, to broadband symmetrical dipole antennas fed by a coaxial cable. The effect is achieved by the fact that a broadband vibrator antenna containing the first and second vibrators with the first and second arms, the first and second jumpers, a balancing device with the first and second conductors and a short circuit, a matching device with the first and second poles, a feeder, a radio frequency connector, the first and second dielectric end spacers, dielectric spacer, dielectric substrate, dipole with first and second poles, protective cover, characterized in that it contains the first bushing made in the form of a bushing with slotted shoulder, the second bushing made in the form of a different-walled bushing with slotted shoulder , a third sleeve made in the form of a sliding sleeve, a feeder fastening device in the form of a heat-shrinkable tube, while one part of the tube is seated on the second sleeve, and the second part of the tube is seated on the feeder, a protective heat-shrinkable cap.

EFFECT: improving the reliability of the device.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention belongs

A broadband vibrator antenna refers to antenna-feeder devices, namely, to symmetrical vibrator antennas fed by a coaxial cable.

This new dipole antenna provides a wide antenna-to-feeder bandwidth. At the same time, it has a high degree of protection against the antenna effect of the feeder, is convenient for placement on masts or on tower chords, and allows the emission of high-power signals. Provides high reliability of fastening of the feeder with elements of the antenna design. Eliminates the problem of the difference in the elongation of the metal elements of the construction of the antenna and feeder with dielectric filling when the ambient temperature changes. Protects from dust and penetration of insects to the place of excitation of the antenna. Keeps parameters in a wide range of ambient temperatures.

State of the art

Known broadband vibrator antenna (RF patent for the invention
No. 2 618 776, IPC: H01Q9/16, publ. 05/11/2017, Bull. No. 14), containing the first vibrator with the first and second arms, the second vibrator with the first and second arms, the first and second jumpers, a balancing device with the first and second conductors and a short circuit, a device for compensating the imaginary component of the antenna input resistance with first and second poles, feeder, RF connector, first and second dielectric end struts, dielectric strut, first and second washers, dielectric substrate, excitation conductor with first and second poles (hereinafter referred to as dipole), protective cover, with arms of the first vibrator located coaxially with the formation of a gap between them, the first dielectric end spacer is installed at the end of the first arm of the first vibrator and at the end of the first arm of the second vibrator, and the second dielectric end spacer is installed at the end of the second arm of the first vibrator and at the end of the second arm of the second vibrator, the first washer is located at the end first conductor balancing of its device with the formation of a galvanic contact, the second washer is located at the end of the second conductor of the balancing device with the formation of a galvanic contact, the dielectric substrate is located in the mentioned gap based on the first and second washers, and the dipole is located on the dielectric substrate, while the first arm of the first vibrator is galvanically connected with the first arm of the second vibrator by the first jumper, the second arm of the first vibrator is galvanically connected to the second arm of the second vibrator by the second jumper, the arms of the first vibrator are connected to the corresponding conductors of the balancing device, the first washer is located at the end of the first conductor of the balancing device to form a galvanic contact, the second washer is located at the end of the second conductor of the balancing device with the formation of a galvanic contact, the dielectric substrate is located in the said gap based on the first and second washers, and the dipole is located n on a dielectric substrate, while the outer conductor of the feeder is galvanically connected to the second washer, the central conductor of the feeder is connected to the second pole of the dipole, the first pole of which is connected to the first pole of the matching device, the second pole of the matching device is connected to the first washer, dipole, dielectric substrate and washers closed with a lid. Here and below, we use the definition of a pole as one of the two opposite ends of the electrical circuit of the device.

Broadband vibrator antenna, known from the RF patent for the invention No. 2 618 776, adopted in this application as a prototype.

According to the above patent No. 2,618,776, localizer antennas were manufactured as part of the project “Creation of high-tech production of antennas and hardware modules for a dual-frequency radio beacon complex of a meter-range landing system of the ILS format III of the ICAO category for civil aviation airfields, including airfields with a high level of snow cover and difficult terrain terrain” (Scientific developments of SUSU-2015. Almanakh. Chelyabinsk. SUSU Publishing Center. - 2016, p. 81, photo “Localizer antenna of the SP-2010 Complex at the Shagol airfield (December 2015)”.

The design of the antenna and the resulting characteristics of the antenna are published in the article: Voytovich N.I., Ershov A.V. Ice influence on wideband dipole antenna characteristics. IET, The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Conference Publications: 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)/DOI: 10.1049/cp/2018.1228).

The implementation of the technical solutions proposed in this patent, as practice has shown, has made it possible to create a useful vibrator antenna that provides performance over a wide frequency range.

However, the known antenna proposed in Patent No. 2,618,776 has disadvantages that appear in some applications of the antenna. These shortcomings are explained below with reference to FIG. 1a, b. The first disadvantage is the following. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is a braid consisting of a mesh of copper round wire with a diameter of 0.08 ... 0.30 mm (D. Ya. 1990) depending on the cable dielectric diameter. In the manufacture of the antenna, thin wires are combed, distributed between the slots on the sleeve and soldered. Thus, the mechanical connection of the cable with the washer is made with thin copper wires, each of which is a fraction of a millimeter in diameter. During operation of the antenna, loading of the junction of the braid with the washer by axial force (acting along the axis of the coaxial cable) and loading by torque (torque relative to the axis of the coaxial cable) can be observed. The connection may not withstand the specified mechanical loads and collapse.

The second drawback is the following. The end of the pipe 27 (fig.1a) , into which the feeder 7 is inserted, is essentially open. The gap between the inner surface of the pipe 27 and the outer surface of the feeder remains sufficient for insects to penetrate the pipe and organize their dwelling in the cavity of the pipe. Dust, precipitation and harmful substances of the industrial city can get into the open cavity of the pipe.

The third disadvantage is expressed in the following. With a change in ambient temperature, the length of the pipe 27 changes, and the length of the feeder 7 located in it also changes. rigid fastening of the cable in the pipe from its two ends or fastening one end in the pipe, and the other outside the pipe, there is a problem of cable deformation within unacceptable limits.

These shortcomings are eliminated by the present invention.

Disclosure of invention

The technical objective of the present invention is to increase the reliability of the antenna by increasing the mechanical strength of the feeder connection with the antenna structure, protecting the antenna exciter from dust and insects, ensuring equal length of the pipe and coaxial cable in the pipe cavity when the ambient temperature changes to avoid unacceptable cable deformation

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that a broadband vibrator antenna containing the first vibrator with the first and second arms, the second vibrator with the first and second arms, the first and second jumpers, the balancing device with the first and second conductors and the short circuit, the device for compensating the imaginary component of the input impedance of the antenna with the first and second poles (hereinafter referred to as the matching device), feeder, RF connector, first and second dielectric end struts, dielectric strut, dielectric substrate, dipole, protective cover, vibrator fairing and balancing device fairing, according to the invention, additionally contains (indicated on Fig.2 a, b) the first 32, the second 33 and the third sleeve 34, the device for attaching the feeder to the second sleeve 35, the protective cap 36, and together have the following arrangement and connections. The first and second arms of the first vibrator are located coaxially with the formation of a gap between them. The first and second arms of the second vibrator are galvanically connected to each other. The first arm of the first vibrator is galvanically connected to the first arm of the second vibrator by the first jumper. The second arm of the first vibrator is galvanically connected to the second arm of the second vibrator by a second jumper. The arms of the first vibrator are connected to the matching conductors of the balancing device. The first bushing 32 is located at the end of the first conductor of the balancing device from the side of the first vibrator to form a galvanic contact. The second sleeve 33 is located at the end of the second conductor of the balancing device from the side of the first vibrator to form a galvanic contact. The third sleeve 34 is located at the end of the second conductor of the balancing device, on the side opposite to the first vibrator. The dielectric substrate is located in said gap between the arms of the first vibrator supported by the first and second bushings, and the dipole is located on the dielectric substrate. The outer conductor of the feeder is galvanically connected to the second bushing. The central conductor of the feeder is connected to the second pole of the dipole, the first pole of which is connected to the first pole of the matching device. The second pole of the matching device is galvanically connected by the first bushing. Dipole with poles, the first and second bushings are covered with a lid. The first dielectric end spacer is installed on the end of the first arm of the first vibrator and on the end of the first arm of the second vibrator, and the second dielectric end spacer is installed on the end of the second arm of the first vibrator and on the end of the second arm of the second vibrator.

In the present invention, as in the prototype, the balancing device is made in the form of the first and second tubular conductors and a short circuit, forming together a short-circuited segment of a two-wire line. The matching device is made in the form of a segment of a coaxial line, and the segment of the coaxial line is mounted inside the pipe, which is the first conductor of the balancing device. The central conductor of the feeder is connected to the second pole of the dipole, the first pole of which is connected to the central conductor of the coaxial line segment. The outer conductor of the coaxial line segment, unlike the prototype, is galvanically connected to the first conductor of the balancing device through the first sleeve. The first and second arms of the first and second vibrators, as well as the first and second conductors of the two-wire line section, are made in the form of a tubular structure with a diameter of 20 mm and 30 mm, respectively. The feeder is mounted inside the second tubular conductor of the two-wire line. The outer conductor of the feeder is galvanically connected to the second conductor of the balancing device through the second bushing.

The dielectric spacer is installed between the first and second conductors of the two-wire line of the balancing device. The first dielectric end spacer is installed on the end of the first arm of the first vibrator and on the end of the first arm of the second vibrator, and the second dielectric end spacer is installed on the end of the second arm of the first vibrator and on the end of the second arm of the second vibrator.

The introduction of significant distinguishing features into the antenna : the first 32, the second 33 and the third 34 bushings, the device for attaching the feeder to the second bushing 35, the protective cap 36 and the above mutual placement and connection made it possible to achieve the main technical effect - to increase the mechanical strength of the feeder connection with the antenna structure , protect the antenna exciter from dust and insects, ensure the equality of the length of the pipe and the coaxial cable in the pipe cavity when the ambient temperature changes, and thereby avoid unacceptable deformation of the coaxial cable , which generally increased the reliability of the device.

The solution of these problems is explained further by the text and figures.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1a,b shows in plan a prototype of the present invention of a broadband vibrator antenna (RF patent for the invention No. 2 618 776 C1, IPC: H01Q9 / 16 (2006.01), Published: 05/11/2017. Bull. No. 14 ).

In FIG. 1-a shows a general view of the prototype of a broadband vibrator antenna, the gap area between the arms of the first vibrator is marked;

In FIG. 1-b shows a view of the area of the gap 23 between the arms of the first vibrator.

In FIG. 1-a, b shows the designations of the elements of the prototype, which, in addition to positions 12 and 13, are common to the prototype and the present invention in Fig. 2 a, b:

1 - the first vibrator,

2 - the second vibrator,

3 - the first conductor (the first jumper),

4 - second conductor (second jumper),

5 - balancing device,

6 - device for compensating the imaginary component of the input impedance of the antenna (hereinafter referred to as the matching device; shown in Fig. 1-b),

7 - feeder,

8 — RF connector,

9 - first dielectric end strut,

10 - second dielectric end strut,

11 - dielectric spacer,

14 - dielectric substrate,

15 - dipole with the first 16 and second 17 pole,

18 - protective cover,

21 - the first arm of the first vibrator (fig.1a),

22 - the second arm of the first vibrator (fig.1a),

23 — gap area between the first 21 and second 22 shoulders of the first vibrator (Fig.1a,b),

24 - the first arm of the second vibrator,

25 - the second arm of the second vibrator,

26 - the first conductor of the balancing device,

27 - the second conductor of the balancing device,

28 - short circuiter,

29 - reactive loop (coaxial line segment),

30 - the first pole of the reactive loop,

31 - the second pole of the reactive loop.

In FIG. 1-b shows the area of the gap 23 between the first and second shoulders of the first vibrator; in the gap in Fig. 1-b shows the connection of the central conductor of the coaxial cable, which acts as a feeder, with the dipole 15, as well as the dipole with the central conductor of the coaxial cable segment, which is a device for matching the input impedance of the antenna.

In FIG. 2a,b is a plan view of a broadband dipole antenna according to the present invention.

In FIG. 2-a, an additional designation has been introduced:

34 - third bushing,

In FIG. 2-b, an additional designation is introduced:

32 - the first sleeve,

33 - the second sleeve,

35 - device for fastening the feeder cable to the second sleeve,

36 - protective cap.

In FIG. 3a,b shows the inventive broadband dipole antenna in isometric disassembled form.

In FIG. 3 introduced additional designations:

37 - the area of the gap between the first 21 and second 22 shoulders of the first vibrator.

38-outer cable conductor.

In FIG. 4 a, b shows the second sleeve 33.

Implementation of the invention

Let us turn to Fig. 2a,b, which shows a broadband vibrator antenna in accordance with this technical solution (hereinafter referred to as the antenna). The antenna contains the first vibrator 1, the second vibrator 2, the first jumper 3 with adjustable length, the second jumper 4 with adjustable length, a balancing device 5 (CS), a device 6 for compensating the imaginary component of the antenna input impedance (hereinafter referred to as the matching device; shown in Fig. 2 -b, feeder 7, RF connector 8, first dielectric end brace 9, second dielectric end brace 10, dielectric brace 11, first bushing 32, second bushing 33, third bushing 34, dielectric substrate 14, dipole 15 with first 16 and second 17 pole, a protective cover 18 (not shown in Fig. 2), a fairing of vibrators 19, a fairing of a balancing device 20 (fairings 19 and 20 in Fig. 2 are not shown), fastening elements.

The first vibrator 1 consists of the first arm 21 and the second arm 22. The first 21 and second 22 arms of the first vibrator 1 are located coaxially, along the axis AA, with the formation of a gap 23 between the arms. The first 21 and second 22 arms of the first vibrator 1 are made of a conductive material, such as a metal rod or a metal pipe.

The second vibrator 2 consists of a first arm 24 and a second arm 25. The arms 24 and 25 of the second vibrator 2 are located on an axis parallel to the axis AA. Shoulders, 24 and 25 of the second vibrator 2 are galvanically connected to each other. The arms of the second vibrator 2 are made of a conductive material, such as a metal rod or a metal pipe.

. При этом проводники 26 и 27 СУ 5 перпендикулярны оси АА первого вибратора 1. Ось

на фиг. 2 является осью симметрии конструкции, состоящей из первого 1 и второго 2 вибраторов, первого 26 и второго 27 проводников СУ 5, короткозамыкателя 28, первой 3 и второй 4 перемычек с регулируемой длиной, первой 9 и второй 10 диэлектрической концевой распорки.Balancing device 5 (SU) is a quarter-wave short-circuited segment of the transmission line at the end. SU 5 consists of the first conductor 26, the second conductor 27, arranged parallel to each other, and a short circuit (jumper) 28. The short circuit 28 connects the conductors 26 and 27 of the SU 5 with the formation of a galvanic contact. The short circuit 28 is located at a distance equal to a quarter of a wavelength (at the middle frequency of the operating range) from the axis of the first vibrator 1. The conductors 26 and 27 of the CS 5 can be continued behind the short circuit 28, forming the end sections intended for mounting the antenna on a support. The short circuit 28 is, for example, a piece of pipe or a metal flange for mounting the antenna on some bracket. The conductors 26 and 27 are made, for example, of a rod or tube of aluminum alloy, brass, steel or other material with good conductivity. The short circuit 28 is made of aluminum pipe, steel sheet, aluminum sheet, or other material with good conductivity. The first 1 and second 2 vibrators, the first 3 and second 4 jumpers with adjustable length, conductors 26 and 27 SU 5 lie in the plane

. When this conductors 26 and 27 SU 5 perpendicular to the axis AA of the first vibrator 1. Axis

in fig. 2 is the axis of symmetry of the structure, consisting of the first 1 and second 2 vibrators, the first 26 and second 27 conductors SU 5, the short circuit 28, the first 3 and second 4 jumpers with adjustable length, the first 9 and second 10 dielectric end spacers.

Matching device 6 (Fig. 2-b) is a reactive loop (piece of coaxial line) 29 with the first 30 and second 31 poles, with idle mode at the end [Pimenov Yu.V. et al. Technical electrodynamics / Pimenov Yu.V., Volman V.I., Muravtsev A.D. Ed. Yu.V. Pimenova: Proc. allowance for universities. - M .: Radio and communication, 2000. - 536 p.] Fig. 2-b, the compensation device 6 is shown as a short segment 29 of a coaxial line open at the end. The segment 29 of the coaxial line passes through the first sleeve 32. The central conductor of the segment 29 of the coaxial line exits the sleeve 32 and continues up to the first pole 16 of the dipole 15. The end of the extended central conductor of the segment of the coaxial line is the first pole 30 of the matching device 6. The outer conductor of the segment 29 is brought out of the pipe and here forms the second pole 31 of the matching device 6. In FIG. 2-b the second pole is connected to the first sleeve 32, based on the end of the pipe 26 (the first conductor of the balancing device 5) with the formation of a galvanic contact.

As a feeder 7, a serial coaxial cable can be used, the outer diameter of the sheath of which is less than the inner diameter of the pipe of the second conductor 27 SU 5.

As connector 8, a standard RF connector can be used.

As the dielectric substrate 14, a dielectric plate can be used. The plate has, for example, a rectangular or oval shape, is made of polyethylene, fluoroplast, ceramics or other high-frequency dielectric. Two holes are made in the plate for the passage in one of them of the dielectric of the matching segment of the coaxial line, and in the other of the dielectric of the feeder.

As a dipole 15, a piece of wire, a metal rod or another conductor with a round, rectangular, oval or other type of cross section can be used.

Jumpers 3 and 4 are made of aluminum alloy, brass, steel or other material with high electrical conductivity.

The first 9 and second 10 dielectric end struts are designed to increase the structural strength of the broadband vibrator antenna, ensure the parallelism of the vibrators, and give the antenna an aesthetic appearance. Spacers 9 and 10 are made of a dielectric material, such as, for example, polyethylene or caprolon.

The dielectric spacer 11 consists of two semicircular plates with cutouts with a radius equal to the radius of the pipes of the first 26 and second 27 conductors SU 5. The spacer 11 is made of a dielectric material, such as, for example, polyethylene or caprolon.

The second bushing 33 (Fig. 4a,b) is a different-walled bushing with a shoulder 331. We follow the generally accepted definition of a bushing, according to which the bushings include parts formed by external and internal surfaces of rotation having a common straight axis (axis OO in Fig. 4) . We borrow the term "varied wall sleeve" from sources related to the manufacture of casting molds. A multi-walled sleeve in our case means that it can be conditionally divided into several parts, in which the wall thickness has a different value. The second sleeve 33 has a collar 331 and two cylindrical parts with different outer diameters: 332 and 333. The outer diameter of the collar 331 is equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the pipe of the balun 5. The collar assumes axial loads acting on the sleeve. The outer diameter of the first cylindrical portion 332 is equal to the inner diameter of the GC pipe. The outer diameter of the second part 333 of the second sleeve is such that after the deposition of the heat-shrinkable tube 35 on it, the outer diameter of the deposited tube is less than the inner diameter of the pipe of the second conductor 27 of the balancing device 5. The inner diameters of the holes of the shoulder 331, the first 332 and the second 333 part of the sleeve 33 are equal to each other. Slots 334 are made on the bead 331 for laying the conductors of the combed braid of the coaxial cable in them. The outer surface 332 of the first cylindrical portion of the sleeve 33 may be threaded to provide a threaded connection of the first sleeve to the pipe of the balancing device.

The first sleeve 32 differs from the second sleeve 33 in that it does not include a second hollow cylindrical portion 333. The first sleeve 32 may also be threaded on the outer surface of the cylindrical portion.

The third sleeve 34 (fig.3a) is a tubular ring installed between the inner surface of the pipe 27 of the balancing device 5 and the outer surface of the feeder 7. It must, when the ambient temperature changes, ensure the movement of the feeder 7 relative to the pipe 27 of the balancing device 5 with the formation of the minimum possible gap between the surface of the feeder and the inner surface of the sleeve 34. The entire sleeve or only its sliding surface is made of anti-friction material with a low coefficient of friction. Thus, the sliding sleeve allows, due to a significant reduction in friction, to reduce the resistance to mutual movement of the pipe of the balancing device and the feeder when the ambient temperature changes. A mechanically manufactured sliding sleeve is machined from a workpiece. The sliding sleeve has the shape of a cylinder, at one end it has an extension in the form of a washer, which is called a shoulder (shoulder). In a polymer sleeve, either ordinary plastic or fluoroplastic is used.

The above devices and parts are interconnected as follows. The first arm 21 of the first vibrator 1 is galvanically connected to the first arm 24 of the second vibrator 2 by the first jumper 3. The second arm 22 of the first vibrator 1 is galvanically connected to the second arm 25 of the second vibrator 2 by the second jumper 4. The first arm 21 of the first vibrator 1 in the gap 23 is galvanically connected to to the first conductor 26 of the balancing device 5. The second arm 22 of the first vibrator in the gap 23 is galvanically connected to the second conductor 27 of the balancing device 5. The third sleeve 34 is installed in the pipe 27 at its end section opposite to the vibrator 1. The feeder 7 is inserted through the third sleeve 34 into the second conductor 27 of the balancing device 5. At the same time, the cable was cut at the final section of the coaxial cable: the cable insulation was removed, the outer conductor made in the form of a braid was combed and straightened. A second 33 bushing is put on the cable. The outer conductor of the cable 38 (Fig.3b) is evenly distributed along the slots 334 of the sleeve 33 and soldered. The sleeve 33 is galvanically connected to the pipe 27. The central conductor of the feeder 7 is galvanically connected to the second pole 17 of the dipole 15, the first pole 16 of which is connected to the first pole 30 of the matching device 6. The second pole 31 of the matching device 6 is the end of the outer conductor of the segment 29 of the coaxial line. The outer conductor of the segment 29 of the coaxial line (fig.2b) similarly to the above method is galvanically connected to the second sleeve 32, which is galvanically connected to the first conductor 26 of the balancing device 5. The second end of the feeder 7 (fig.2a) is embedded in the RF connector 8. In this case as a segment 29 of the coaxial line, either a segment of a standard coaxial cable or a segment of a special transmission line (not shown in Fig.) is used, consisting of an external conductor in the form of a pipe, a central conductor in the form of a rod or pipe, and a hollow dielectric cylinder located between them.

As a device for fastening 35 of the feeder 7 (fig. 2a,b), a heat-shrinkable tube is used to the antenna (GOST 17675-87 flexible electrical insulating tubes), ([Electronic resource] Makarov D. What is a heat-shrink tube, its types, purpose, technical characteristics. URL: https://www.asutpp.ru/chto-takoe-termousadochnaja-trubka.html Date of access: 04/19/2022). The heat-shrinkable tube is partially deposited on the second (lower) cylindrical part 333 of the sleeve 33, and the rest is on the feeder 7. A heat-shrinkable cap 36 (Fig. 2b) is used as a cable protection device (a heat-shrinkable tube, plugged at one end). Heat-shrinkable cap 36 is deposited on segment 29 of the coaxial line.

The first dielectric end spacer 9 is installed on the ends of the first arms 21 and 24 of the first 1 and second 2 vibrators (Fig. 2-a). The second dielectric end spacer 10 is installed on opposite ends of the first 1 and second 2 vibrators.

The dielectric spacer 11 is installed between the conductors 26 and 27 of the balancing device 5 and is fixed by means of screws or bolts in such a way that it fits snugly against the conductors 26 and 27 with semicircular cutouts. The dielectric spacer 11 is located at some distance from the gap 23.

The antenna works as follows.

The antenna (Fig. 2) is excited by the dipole 15 in the region of the gap 23 between the first 21 and the second 22 arms of the first vibrator 1. The length of the dipole 15 does not exceed one fiftieth of the wavelength, so the unevenness in the current distribution along the dipole 15 can be practically neglected. Therefore, the dipole 15 is introduced into the feed region of the antenna in such a way that it does not disturb either the physical or electrical symmetry of the antenna. The displacement currents arising between the first vibrator 1 and the conductors 26 and 27 of the balancing device 5, between the second vibrator 2 and the conductors 26 and 27 of the balancing device are continued by conduction currents on the conductors 26 and 27 of the balancing device 5. In this case, the amplitudes of the conduction currents in the mentioned first 26 and the second 27 conductors of the balancing device 5 are equal to each other, and the phases of the currents differ from each other by 180º. As a result, outside the short circuit 28, the total current on the outer side of the outer conductor of the feeder 7 is equal to zero. Since the current is zero on the outer side of the outer conductor of the feeder 7, the shell of the feeder 7 does not emit (does not receive) electromagnetic waves. Thus, the antenna effect of the feeder 7 and the unpredictable distortions of the antenna radiation pattern associated with it are excluded, changes in the input impedance of the antenna, radiation of a cross-polarized field are excluded.

As adjusting elements in the antenna, the first 3 and second 4 jumpers of variable length and the matching segment of the coaxial cable 29 are used. resistance would differ from unity by no more than, for example, ± 5% in a frequency band that is approximately 10% relative to the center frequency of the range. In this case, the value of the imaginary part of the normalized input impedance of the antenna is close to zero, the VSWR has a value of no more than 1.05. When the distance between the vibrators 1 and 2 changes, along with the change in the real component, in the general case, the imaginary component of the input impedance of the antenna also changes. Deviations of the imaginary component of the input resistance from a value equal to zero, when changing the distance between the vibrators 1 and 2, can be compensated by changing the input resistance of the matching segment of the coaxial cable 29 (Fig. 2-b) by changing its length.

The matching piece of coaxial cable 29 with idle at the end is a reactive element. When the length of the mentioned segment is less than a quarter of the wavelength in the transmission line, its input impedance, determined by the resistance between its first 30 and second 31 poles, has a capacitive character. The matching segment of the coaxial cable 29 is connected in series with the dipole 15. Therefore, when the matching segment of the cable 29 is lengthened, the imaginary component of the input impedance of the antenna increases. By selecting the length of the matching segment 29, compensation of the imaginary (reactive) component of the input impedance of the antenna is achieved. Thus, the above design of the antenna ensures the matching of the antenna with the feeder 7 in a wide frequency band.

The mechanical strength of the connection of the feeder 7 (Fig.2b)) with the antenna is provided by friction between the heat-shrinkable tube 35 and the second part 333 (Fig.4a) of the sleeve 33, friction between the heat-shrinkable tube (feeder fastening device) 35 and the shell of the feeder 7 and strength on rupture of heat shrink tubing. To increase the strength of the specified mechanical connection, a heat-shrinkable tube with an internal adhesive layer can be used.

With a change in ambient temperature, the length of the pipe 27 changes (Fig. 2-a), the length of the feeder 7 located in it also changes. from each other, then when the cable is rigidly fixed in the pipe at both ends, the problem of cable deformation within unacceptable limits arises. This problem is solved by installing a sliding sleeve 34 at the inlet of the pipe 27. When the ambient temperature changes, the feeder 7 slides freely over the surface of the sleeve 34. This equalizes the lengths of the pipe 27 and the section of the feeder 7 located in it.

The sliding sleeve 34 protects the interior of the pipe 27 from dust and insects.

Thus, the use of the first, second and third bushings, the feeder fastening device and the protective heat-shrinkable cap in the proposed broadband vibrator antenna together makes it possible to increase the reliability of the device as a whole.

Application of the invention

The broadband dipole antenna according to the present invention can be used as an independent antenna, as elements of more complex dipole antennas, as radiating elements of antenna arrays, feeds for mirror and lens antennas.

At the same time, all the advantages of the prototype antenna are preserved:

due to the symmetrical power system, it has a symmetrical radiation pattern in the plane of the vector E , without bifurcation of the pattern and without deviation of the maximum of the radiation pattern from the plane perpendicular to the antenna vibrators;

has a circular pattern in the plane of the vector H due to the in-phase power supply of two vibrators spaced from each other by a distance significantly less than half the wavelength;

provides stable radiation characteristics when using both thin vibrators with high wave resistance and thick vibrators with low wave resistance;

provides compensation for the imaginary component of the input impedance of the antenna in a wide frequency range;

the radiation resistance of the antenna in a wide frequency range varies within small limits;

has a low VSWR in the power line by matching the input impedance of the antenna with the wave impedance of the feeder in a wide frequency band;

the power level returning to the transmitter when the antenna is transmitting is reduced by matching the antenna with the feeder;

the level of distortion of the spectrum of the signal transmitted (received) by the antenna is reduced due to the uniform amplitude-phase characteristic of the antenna in the frequency range;

has an increased resistance to high-frequency breakdown due to a decrease in the field strength in the RF connector due to a decrease in VSWR in the power line when the antenna is in transmission mode;

provided with matching devices, firstly, by changing the length of the arms of the vibrators, secondly, by changing the distance between the first and second vibrators, between the jumpers connecting the first and second vibrators, and, thirdly, by changing the imaginary the resistance of the matching device and thereby expanded the bandwidth of the antenna;

has a simple method of compensating the imaginary component of the input impedance of the antenna in the frequency range;

ensures maximum power transfer by matching with the wave impedance of the feeder;

increases the potential power level in a pre-selected feeder by reducing the VSWR in it;

minimizes losses in the feeder and, as a result, reduces the heating of the feeder during power transmission through it;

minimizes the radiation (reception) of electromagnetic waves by the feeder (the outer side of the outer conductor of the coaxial cable);

can be used as an independent antenna, as well as an element of an antenna array;

convenient for its installation on a pipe or on the belt of a lattice tower.

Compared with the prototype antenna, it has the following advantages:

has a high mechanical strength of the feeder connection with the antenna structure;

the matching device is protected from moisture penetration into it;

the antenna excitation device is protected from dust and insects;

the deformation of the section of the coaxial cable located in the pipe of the matching device is excluded (when the ambient temperature changes).

Thus, the invention solves the technical problem - increasing the reliability of the broadband vibrator antenna, maintains its performance in real operating conditions, when the ambient temperature changes.

The proposed broadband vibrator antenna is useful in all cases where either an independent vibrator antenna or a radiating (receiving) element of a more complex antenna device or antenna system is required, which require matching in a wide frequency band, low losses in the feeder, high efficiency antennas, low level of cross-polarized radiation, high level of radiated power, independence of characteristics in difficult meteorological conditions.

Claims (3)

1. Broadband vibrator antenna containing the first vibrator with the first and second arms, the second vibrator with the first and second arms, the first and second jumpers, a balancing device with the first and second conductors and a short circuit, a matching device with the first and second poles, a feeder, a radio frequency connector , first and second dielectric end struts, a dielectric strut, a dielectric substrate, a dipole with first and second poles, a protective cover, the arms of the first vibrator being arranged coaxially with a gap between them, the first dielectric end strut is mounted on the end of the first arm of the first vibrator and on the end of the first arm of the second vibrator, and the second dielectric end spacer is installed on the end of the second arm of the first vibrator and on the end of the second arm of the second vibrator, while the first arm of the first vibrator is galvanically connected to the first arm of the second vibrator by the first jumper, the second arm of the first vibrator is galvanized nically connected to the second arm of the second vibrator by a second jumper, the arms of the first vibrator are galvanically connected to the conductors of the balancing device corresponding in number, the first and second conductors of the balancing device are made of a metal pipe, the feeder is made in the form of a coaxial line, the matching device is made in the form of a segment of the coaxial line, moreover, the feeder is mounted inside the pipe, which is the second conductor of the balancing device, the segment of the coaxial line is mounted inside the pipe, which is the first conductor of the balancing device, the central conductor of the feeder is connected to the second pole of the dipole, the first pole of which is connected to the first pole of the matching device, the dielectric substrate is located in the mentioned gap , and the dipole is located on a dielectric substrate, the dipole with the first and second poles is closed with a protective cover, characterized in that which additionally contains the first bushing made in the form of a bushing with a slotted shoulder, the second bushing made in the form of a different-walled bushing with a slotted shoulder, consisting of two coaxial cylindrical pipe sections of different outer diameters, the third bushing made in the form of a sliding bushing, a fastening device feeder, which is used as a heat-shrinkable tube, while one part of the heat-shrinkable tube is seated on the second sleeve, and the second part of the heat-shrinkable tube is seated on the feeder, a protective heat-shrinkable cap, and the first and second sleeves are inserted into the first and second pipes of the balancing device, respectively, with sides of the first vibrator with the formation of a galvanic contact, the third bushing is inserted into the second pipe of the balancing device from the side opposite to the first vibrator, the feeder is laid through the third bushing into the second pipe of the balancing device, the protective cap is installed on a segment of the coaxial line, the outer conductor of the feeder is galvanically connected to the second bushing, the second pole of the matching device is galvanically connected to the first bushing. 2. Broadband vibrator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the first sleeve used is a sleeve with slots and threads on the outer cylindrical part. 3. Broadband vibrator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the second bushing is made in the form of a slotted bushing with a thread on the outer surface of the cylindrical part of the bushing with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the balancing device pipe.

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