RU2785448C1 - Universal soil tillage device of the combined implement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The universal tillage device of the combined unit contains a cultivator share (1), the wings of which are made of an arcuate shape. On the basis of the paw (1) of the cultivator, three slots (2) are evenly located with a height at least less than the depth of tillage by the paw (1) of the cultivator. The slitter (2) is made with the possibility of turning in the horizontal plane by 180°. Behind the share (1) there is a mini-harrow (3), rigidly fixed on two rods (8), interconnected by a bar (9) with holes, which is rigidly fixed with countersunk bolts on a common stand with a cultivator share (1). The mini-harrow (3) is made in the form of a welded frame structure (4), the distance between the longitudinal sides of which is at least not less than the width of the paw (1) of the cultivator, and between the transverse sides - 15 ... 20 cm. On the front transverse side of the frame (5) five teeth (6) are fixed: two at its ends and three between them, and on the rear transverse side of the frame (7) - four teeth (6) in a checkerboard pattern with respect to the front transverse side of the frame (5). The ratio of the width of the share (1) to the distance between the teeth (6) of the mini-harrow (3) is 4:1, and the ratio of the thickness and length of the tooth (6) is 1:5. The section of the tooth (6) is made in the form of a rhombus with an acute angle of 30°.

EFFECT: improved quality of tillage.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to tillage machines.

Known cultivator cultivator, including the lower, hinged to the frame, which has support wheels with depth adjustment mechanisms, rippers located in one row between two rows of lancet paws installed with overlap, with each stand ripper placed in the same longitudinal plane with the corresponding lancet paw of the first row. (Pat. RU No. 2365074, IPC А01В 49/02, 2009).

The disadvantage of the known design is that the paws of the cultivator are not equipped with slots that improve the water-air balance in the soil.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the device for tillage chosen as a prototype, containing three slots on the basis of the cultivator paw, one of which is located in the bow and two on the wings, while the slots are made with the possibility of turning in a horizontal plane on 180°. (pat. RU No. 207901, IPC A01B 49/02, 2021).

The disadvantage of the known device is that after the operation of cultivation and slotting, it is necessary to level the surface of the treated area, which requires additional material and operating costs.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is to improve the quality of tillage by improving the working process of tillage, combining several operations and increasing economic efficiency.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that the universal soil-cultivating device of the combined unit, containing the cultivator's paw, on the basis of which three slots are evenly located with a height at least less than the depth of soil cultivation by the cultivator's paw, while the slot is made with the possibility of turning in a horizontal plane by 180°, characterized in that it is equipped with a mini harrow mounted behind the paw and made in the form of a welded frame structure, the distance between the longitudinal sides of which is at least not less than the width of the cultivator paw, and between the transverse 15 ... 20 cm, on the front transverse side of the frame five teeth are fixed - two at its ends and three between them, and on the rear transverse side of the frame - four in a checkerboard pattern with respect to the front, the ratio of the width of the paw to the distance between the teeth of the harrow is 4:1, the ratio of the thickness and length of the tooth is 1: 5, the section of the tooth is made in the form of a rhombus with an acute angle of 30 °, the mini harrow is rigid o is fixed on two rods interconnected by a bar with holes, which is rigidly fixed with countersunk bolts on a common stand with a cultivator share, the wings of the cultivator share are made of an arcuate shape.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the universal tillage device of the combined unit, in 3D execution; in fig. 2 - the same, paw; in fig. 3 - the same, harrow.

The universal tillage device of the combined unit contains a cultivator share 1, on the basis of which three slots 2 are evenly spaced. The slitter 2 is made with the possibility of turning in the horizontal plane by 180°.

The universal tillage device of the combined unit is equipped with a mini harrow 3 installed behind the paw 1 and is made in the form of a welded frame structure 4, the distance between the longitudinal sides of which is at least not less than the width of the cultivator paw 1, and between the transverse sides -15...20 cm. On the front transverse side of the frame 5, five teeth 6 are fixed - two at its end and three between them. On the rear transverse side of the frame 7 there are four teeth 6 in a checkerboard pattern with respect to the front.

The ratio of the width of the paw 1 to the distance between the teeth 6 of the harrow is 4:1. For example, with a share width distance of 1 equal to 20 cm, the distance between the teeth will be 5 cm, and with a share width distance of 1 equal to 30 cm, the distance between the teeth will be 7.5 cm.

The section of the tooth 6 is made in the form of a rhombus with an acute angle of 30°, the ratio of the thickness and length of the tooth 6 is 1:5. For example, if the length of the tooth 6 is 40 mm, the thickness of the tooth 6 will be 8 mm. With a length of tooth 6 equal to 60 mm, the thickness of tooth 6 will be 12 mm.

Mini harrow 3 is rigidly fixed on two rods 8, interconnected by a bar 9 with holes. The bar 9 is rigidly fixed with countersunk bolts on a common stand with the cultivator's paw 1. The wings 10 of the paw 1 of the cultivator are made in an arcuate shape.

The height of the slotter 2 is less than the depth of tillage with the cultivator's paw. For example, for sowing seeds of tilled crops, cultivation is carried out at a processing depth of 10-12 cm, and it is not advisable to carry out slotting within these limits, and even more so deeper, since the root system is not able to receive moisture from such a depth. If we take corn seeds, then it is sown to a depth of 6 cm, and the bulk of the root system develops at a depth of 20 cm, and when cultivated at a depth of 12 cm and plus slotting at the same depth or more, moisture will go to poorly developed roots, which does not contribute to the growth and development of the plant. As a result, the crop yield decreases. It is preferable to carry out the slotting at a 20% shallower depth than the cultivation. Since the slotter is structurally installed under the cultivator's paw, the total depth will be expressed - h1 + h2 = 10 + 8 = 18 cm.

Soil cultivation with a toothed harrow is carried out simultaneously with cultivation and slotting. At the same time, the top layer of the soil is crushed, it is leveled, fluffed and oxygenated. The teeth 6 of the harrow are made of steel that has undergone a hardening process. They can be attached to the working surface of the harrow using a rigid, hinged or spring connection. The teeth on frame 5 are staggered. Depending on the shape, knife, round or square teeth are distinguished.

The universal tillage device of the combined unit works as follows.

Before starting work, the mini harrow 3 and the paw 1 of the cultivator are rigidly fixed with countersunk bolts on a common stand (not shown).

When the unit is moving, the universal tillage device with the help of the paw 1 of the cultivator cuts the soil, destroying weeds and at the same time carries out slotting, fixed on the same drain with the paw, the mini harrow levels the soil and saturates it with oxygen.

In one pass of the unit, a number of operations are performed: cutting the soil with the destruction of weeds, slotting and harrowing, which makes it possible to increase the economic efficiency of the unit.

Cultivation is carried out so that during sowing, crop seeds are placed on a dense soil bed, and sprinkled on top with a loose soil layer.

Tooth harrows are an important agricultural equipment. Their use allows you to prepare the soil for sowing, saturate it with oxygen and stop moisture. In addition, the soil prepared with the help of tooth harrows is less susceptible to the process of wind and water erosion.

The use of the proposed device will improve the quality of tillage by simultaneously carrying out several operations of cultivation, slotting and harrowing, which increases economic efficiency.

Claims (1)

A universal tillage device of a combined unit, containing a cultivator's paw, on the basis of which three slots are evenly located, at least less than the depth of soil cultivation by the cultivator's paw, while the slot is made with the possibility of turning in a horizontal plane by 180°, characterized in that it is equipped with a mini-harrow installed behind the share and made in the form of a welded frame structure, the distance between the longitudinal sides of which is at least not less than the width of the cultivator's paw, and between the transverse sides - 15 ... 20 cm, five teeth are fixed on the front transverse side of the frame: two at its ends and three between them, and on the rear transverse side of the frame there are four teeth in a checkerboard pattern with respect to the front, the ratio of the width of the paw to the distance between the teeth of the mini-harrow is 4:1, the ratio of the thickness and length of the tooth is 1: 5, the tooth section is made in the form of a rhombus with an acute angle of 30°, the mini-harrow is rigidly fixed on two t yags, interconnected by a bar with holes, which is rigidly fixed with countersunk bolts on a common stand with a cultivator share, the wings of the cultivator share are made of an arched shape.

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