RU2781723C1 - Coupling for automatic extraction of excess power from the wind turbine shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind power and can be used to automatically connect additional working mechanisms to the shaft of a wind turbine when its power increases with the increasing wind speed. The coupling for automatic extraction of excess power from the wind turbine shaft contains a driving and driven shafts connected by a cylindrical spring, while a disk with holes located on it around the circumference is fixed on the drive shaft, one of which includes the bent end of the connecting cylindrical spring. Two pins are fixed diametrically on the disk, each of which is fitted with a plate having a groove at one of its ends, and at the other end a hole with which the plates are mounted on the axis, fixed diametrically on the mounting disk, which is fixed on the driven shaft. On the mounting disk there are two friction pads with protrusions, between which plates in contact with these protrusions are placed, at the ends, the friction pads are pulled together by clamping springs until the protrusions fit the plates, in addition, the mounting disk has a cup for placing a connecting cylindrical spring in it, and the bottom of the cup is rigidly fixed on the driven shaft and has holes along the circumference, one of which includes the other bent end of the connecting cylindrical spring. The mounting disk is placed in the brake drum mounted on the drive shaft with the possibility of free rotation, the inner surface of the brake drum covers the friction pads with the necessary clearance, on the outer surface, the brake drum is equipped with a seat for belt drive.

EFFECT: expansion of the range of solutions for extracting excess power.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of wind energy and can be used to automatically take off excess power from a wind turbine with a vertical rotating and drive an electric generator or other working mechanism that directly uses the mechanical energy of the shaft.

State of the art

Known friction clutch designed to transmit torque from one shaft to another with a large transmitted power, which can be used in controlled and safety mechanisms. Its action is based on the well-known interaction of two conical friction surfaces when they come into contact. The mechanism for making such a contact is not shown, but it is easy to read in the figure, since there is an annular groove for the push lever on the hub of the freely moving gear, called the taper. When the force on the tapping is stopped from the side of the pressure lever, the conical friction surfaces are separated under the influence of a spring (see patent for invention RU No. 2151928 C1. Friction clutch. Publication 26.06.2000 Bull. No. 18).

The disadvantages of the friction clutch are as follows: it does not control the transmitted power from one shaft to another; with its help, it is impossible to automatically connect an additional mechanism for taking off excess power from the drive shaft when it appears. This is a permanent clutch and its main function is to prevent damage to the connected mechanisms during overloads.

Known spring clutch containing the leading and driven coupling halves installed coaxially. A spring is installed on the coupling halves, which in the free state has an inner diameter less than the diameters of the shafts of the coupling halves on which it is located. One end of the spring is fixed on the shaft of the leading coupling half, and on the other end of the spring there are weights. In the coupled state, the spring itself is tightened around the coupling halves and all parts are in continuous rotation. If the frequency of rotation of the leading coupling half increases above a certain critical value, then under the action of centrifugal force, the loads are displaced in the radial direction, unwinding the coils of the spring. The clutch halves are disengaged. According to the second option, the divergence of the loads, untwisting the spring, brings its coils into contact with the driven half-coupling, and the clutch transmits torque (see USSR inventor's certificate No. 861786 F16D 43/22. Spring clutch. Publication 07.09.81. Bull. No. 33).

The disadvantage of this clutch, working on the untwisting or twisting of the spring, is: the impossibility of extracting excess power from the input shaft; an increased frequency of rotation of the drive shaft is required, which is problematic for a wind turbine.

Known safety friction clutch designed to prevent breakdowns in various machines, for example, mechanisms in cabs caused by overloading their working bodies, containing the driving and driven coupling halves with fractional linings, between which is placed the driven gear, pressed through the friction linings by the pressure disk. The preload is carried out by pressure bolts with springs installed on them. The degree of preload is regulated by nuts on the bolts so that when overloaded, the driven gear, sandwiched between the friction linings, could slip, protecting the mechanism from breakage.

The disadvantage of this clutch is that it does not allow power to be taken from the drive shaft in addition to that which is transmitted to the driven gear. This clutch performs a reverse, safety function, turning off the working mechanism (see Patent RU No. 2049940 C1 Safety friction clutch. Publication 12/10/1989).

The closest in technical essence and the effect achieved and adopted by the authors as a prototype is a spring clutch, which has a number of significant distinguishing features that the claimed clutch has for taking excess power from the wind turbine shaft, which are: the presence of a driving and driven shafts connected to each other by a helical spring; the presence of the leading and driven coupling halves, made in the form of flanges, and located on the driving and driven shafts; in the flanges of the coupling halves there are annular slots, which include the bent ends of the drive shaft to the driven one with the ability to have the drive shaft initial rotation without load, followed by its increase as the helical spring is twisted (see Patent RU No. 2639930 C1. Spring coupling. Publication 12/25/2017 , Bull. No. 36).

The disadvantage of the spring clutch adopted for the prototype is: it does not control the transmitted power from the drive shaft to the driven; with its help, it is impossible to automatically connect an additional mechanism to the wind turbine drive shaft to take off excess power, if it appears with an increase in wind speed.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a clutch for automatic selection of excess power from the shaft of a wind turbine, providing at low wind speed and, accordingly, low power on the shaft, the operation of the mechanism corresponding to this power, and with an increase in wind speed and, accordingly, an increase in power on the shaft, automatic the selection of part of this power for the operation of another working mechanism.

The technical result of this invention is a clutch that allows, at low wind speed and low power on the wind turbine shaft, to operate a mechanism corresponding to the generated power, and with an increase in wind speed and an increase in shaft power to a certain set limit, without turning off the working mechanism, automatically connect an additional working mechanism, while turning on and off the additional working mechanism does not require control by the operator.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the clutch for automatic selection of excess power from the wind turbine shaft, containing the drive and driven shafts connected to each other by a cylindrical spring, while the drive shaft has a disc with holes located on it around the circumference, one of which includes a bent end of the connecting cylindrical spring, two pins are also diametrically fixed on the disk, each of which is fitted with a plate having a groove for this at one of its ends, and a hole at the other end, with which the plates are put on the axis, fixed diametrically on the mounting disk, which is fixed on the driven shaft, also on the mounting disk, there are two friction pads with protrusions, between which there are plates in contact with these protrusions, at the ends the friction pads are pulled together by coupling springs until the protrusions fit the plates, in addition, the mounting disk has a glass for placement in it connecting cylindrical wire zhina, and the bottom of the glass is rigidly mounted on the driven shaft and has holes around the circumference, one of which includes the other bent end of the connecting cylindrical spring, the mounting disk is placed in the brake drum, put on the drive shaft with the possibility of free rotation, the inner surface of the brake drum covers with friction pads with the necessary clearance, on the outer surface of the brake drum is equipped with a seat for a belt drive.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of the coupling, which shows the geometric shape of the drive and driven shafts connected to each other by a cylindrical spring with bent ends, a disk diametrically mounted on the drive shaft with pins diametrically fixed on it and holes around the circumference, as well as the driven shaft, with a fixed on it with a mounting disk and mounted friction linings with their mutual arrangement in relation to other parts of the coupling.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the coupling with the relative placement of parts on the mounting disk and in the brake drum.

Implementation of the invention

Clutch for automatic selection of excess power from the shaft of the wind turbine consists (see figure 1): of the driving 1 and driven 2 shafts connected to each other by a coil spring 3. On the drive shaft 1 is fixed disk 4 with located on it around the circumference of the holes 5, in one of which includes a bent end 6 of the connecting cylindrical spring 3, as well as with diametrically located pins 7 fixed on it with plates 8 put on them, having a groove 9 at one end, and a hole 10 at the other, with which the plates 8 are put on the axis 11 , fixed diametrically on the mounting disk 12, which is fixed on the driven shaft 2. Also on the mounting disk 12 are two friction pads 13 (see Fig. 2) with protrusions 14, between which there are plates 8 in contact with the protrusions 14. At the ends of the friction pads 13 are pulled together by coupling springs 15 until the protrusions 14 fit to the plates 8. The mounting disk has a glass 16 (see Fig. 1) for placing a connecting center in it cylindrical spring 3, the bottom 17 of the cup 16 is rigidly mounted on the driven shaft 2 and has holes 18 around the circumference, one of which includes the other bent end 19 of the connecting cylindrical spring 3. The mounting disk 12 is placed in the brake drum 20, put on the drive shaft 1 with possibility of free rotation. The inner surface 21 of the brake drum 20 covers the friction pads 13 with the necessary clearance. On the outer surface, the brake drum 20 is provided with a seat for a belt drive 22 (see Fig. 2).

The clutch for automatic selection of excess power from the wind turbine shaft works as follows:

With sufficient wind speed, the rotation of the drive shaft 1 is transmitted to the driven shaft 2 by means of a connecting cylindrical spring 3, which, with one bent end 6, enters one of the holes 5 located around the circumference, which are on the disk 4, mounted on the drive shaft 1. The second bent end 19 of the connecting coil spring 3 enters one of the holes 18 located around the circumference, available in the bottom 17 of the cup 16, rigidly mounted on the driven shaft 2. Cup 16 serves to accommodate the connecting coil spring 3 and is rigidly connected to the mounting disk 12, on which are fixed diametrically axis 11. At sufficient wind speed, the rotation of the drive shaft 1 is transmitted to the disk 4, which acts on the connecting cylindrical spring 3 through its bent end 6 and twists it, transmitting torque through the second bent end 19 to the bottom 17 of the cup 16, the driven shaft 2 connected with a working mechanism of low power consumption (figs. 1 and 2 are not cauldron). With sufficient wind speed, the drive shaft 2 together with the disk 4, the connecting coil spring 3, the bottom 17 of the cup 16 and the driven shaft 2 are in rotation. Since the cup 16 is connected to the mounting disk 12, the friction pads 13 and plates 8 put on 7 and axes 11 are also in rotational motion. If there is a gap between the friction pads 13 and the inner surface 21 of the brake drum 20, it remains free, and rotational motion is not transmitted to it. With an increase in wind speed, the torque on the drive shaft 1 also increases, which is transmitted to the driven shaft 2 and to the working mechanism, on which the load increases, and it resists rotation. As a result, the connecting coil spring 3 is twisted by the drive shaft 1 at a larger angle. As a result of an increase in the angle of twisting of the connecting spring 3, the disk 4 will also turn to a larger angle from the original one and the pins 7 will turn the plates 8 around the axes 11. adjoining them to the inner surface 21 of the brake drum 20, which comes into rotation, and through the belt drive 22 drives an additional working mechanism. The torque of the beginning of the power take-off from the drive shaft is set when assembling the clutch by pre-twisting the connecting coil spring 3 and installing its bent end 6 in the required hole 5 on the disk 4. In this case, the reverse initial braking of the brake drum 20 will not occur, because when the plates 8 tend to turn in the opposite direction, there are no protrusions on the friction shoes 13 in this direction, and the length of the groove 9 in the plates 8 will prevent the pre-twisted connecting spring 3 from unwinding, which allows you to set the required torque at which the clutch will automatically turn on and off the additional working mechanism. When setting the desired torque, it is necessary to move the brake drum 20 along the drive shaft 1 and, having gained access to the connecting coil spring 3, twist it to the required torque to turn on the brake drum 20. Install the brake drum 20 in its workplace.

The present invention in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages:

- more complete use of wind energy with an increase in its speed by automatically connecting additional working mechanisms, which is very important for individual agricultural producers remote from power grids, who use rotary wind turbines with a vertical shaft of rotation in their separate farms, as they are easier to maintain and repair, since all their working mechanisms are located below the ground and are available for maintenance; when increasing the power on the shaft, the connection of additional working mechanisms occurs automatically without the participation of the operator; there is no need to control the operation of the wind power plant when the wind speed and power on the wind turbine shaft change, for example, at low wind speed only a piston water pump works to lift water from the well, when the wind speed increases, the installation for crushing grain, chopping hay and etc. When the wind speed decreases, the additional working mechanism is turned off, and only the permanently connected mechanism works.

Claims (1)

Clutch for automatic selection of excess power from the wind turbine shaft, containing the driving and driven shafts connected to each other by a cylindrical spring, characterized in that a disk is fixed on the driving shaft with holes located on it around the circumference, one of which includes a bent end of the connecting cylindrical spring, also, two pins are fixed diametrically on the disk, each of which is equipped with a plate, which has a groove at one of its ends, and a hole at the other end, with which the plates are put on the axles, fixed diametrically on the mounting disk, which is fixed on the driven shaft, also on the mounting disk there are two friction pads with protrusions, between which there are plates that are in contact with these protrusions, at the ends the friction pads are pulled together by coupling springs until the protrusions fit the plates, in addition, the mounting disk has a glass for placing a connecting cylindrical spring in it, and the bottom of the glass is hard mounted on the driven shaft and has holes around the circumference, one of which enters the other bent end of the connecting coil spring, the mounting disk is placed in the brake drum, put on the drive shaft with the possibility of free rotation, the inner surface of the brake drum covers the friction pads with the necessary clearance, on The outer surface of the brake drum is provided with a seat for a belt drive.

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