RU2771413C1 - Method for obtaining a sorbent in the field and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the chemical industry and environmental protection and can be used in the manufacture of sorbents for the elimination of accidental spills of liquids, selective sorption of emulsified organic substances, as well as the basis for biodestructive sorbents. A sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite (TEG) is obtained in the field in a device consisting of two communicating containers 1 and 2, sealed with respect to the environment. The container 1 contains intercalated graphite 4 and a heating mixture 3 in a mass ratio from 9.5:0.5 to 1:2. In the container 2, there is at least one element 5 that initiates a highly exothermic reaction between the components of the heating mixture, which is an electric and/or thermal fuse installed with the possibility of contact with the components of the heating mixture. As a result of the heat effect of this reaction, the intercalated graphite is converted into TEG. The initiation of this reaction can be carried out under water, in the air in a closed container for wind protection or in a closed container, which is pre-filled with a fire extinguishing aerosol or gas that prevents the ignition of petroleum products and their vapors. Intercalated graphite and the heating mixture can be placed in layers inside the container containing them, and the initiating element is installed with the possibility of contact of the fuse with the layer of the heating mixture, while the number of initiating elements corresponds to the number of layers of the heating mixture. The layers can be separated from each other by a material inert to them. The layers of intercalated graphite and the heating mixture can be arranged according to the “pipe in a pipe” design type, while the pipes must be made of a material inert with respect to the components filling the container. The fuse can be connected to an autonomous and/or mobile current source. Modified intercalated graphite can be used to increase the sorption capacity. The particles of the heating mixture can be encapsulated with a material inert to them, decomposing during the course of the specified reaction. The resulting sorbent has a low bulk density and a high sorption capacity.EFFECT: device is compact and simple, which saves the space of the vehicle, and can be used in the field without restrictions.15 cl, 3 dwg, 5 ex

Description

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of obtaining sorbents, namely to technologies for obtaining a sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite TRG-S (thermal expanded graphite - sorbent) obtained from such intercalation compounds (interlayer compounds) as graphite intercalation compounds (ICG) or graphite intercalation (IG) , a product of ICG solvolysis), also called oxidized graphite (OG).

The invention can be used:

• to eliminate emergency spills of liquids (crude oil, oil products, including petroleum fuels, mineral and synthetic oils, inorganic liquids) from the surface of soils and water bodies (including when introducing water under the mirror), from solid surfaces ( asphalt, concrete, etc.) in the conditions of industrial enterprises, gas stations, etc.;

• for selective sorption of emulsified organic substances (oils, oil products, oils, etc.);

• to extract dissolved and suspended in water toxic inorganic and organic substances;

• as a basis (carrier of bacteria) for the creation of a biodestructive sorbent.

The great demand of the national economy for oil products makes it necessary to transport significant volumes of oil and its derivatives. This increases the risk of large-scale pollution as a result of depressurization of pipelines, tanks transported by road, rail and water transport, storage tanks and other technological equipment, causing significant environmental damage. To clean the water surface from oil products and other hydrocarbon products, a sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite is currently widely used, which perfectly adsorbs oil and oil products in contact with them. The high specific surface of the material provides a high sorption capacity - 1 gram of the sorbent is able to absorb up to 50-100 grams of oil, and the low density guarantees the buoyancy of the sorbent, including after its contact with polluting products, which makes it possible to effectively remove the sorbent from the water surface together with adsorbed polluting products.

The use of graphite sorbent TRG-S is regulated by the industry standard OST-153-39.0-026-2002 "Instructions for the use of thermally split graphite sorbent for oil spill response", approved by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation by order N 279 of 06/30/2003.

However, the low specific gravity of the sorbent, which is 2–12 kg/m ³ , makes it difficult to transport any significant amount of it, and its production at the oil spill site requires the use of special and rather bulky equipment.

Known methods for producing TRG are based on the effect of thermal shock at a temperature of 200°C - 1500°C (depending on the method of oxidation (intercalation)), on powder of oxidized (intercalated) graphite (OG-IG-ISG). At the same time, almost all thermal expansion methods are carried out in heating installations, where heating occurs with the help of an external energy source - electric heaters, direct current transmission, gas-flame method, inductive method, plasma, microwave or laser.

In the vast majority of heating installations for the production of TRG are made in a stationary design. At the same time, some variants of heating installations can be made in a mobile version, for example, on the chassis of a car or on board a watercraft.

A device for producing thermally expanded graphite is known from the prior art (RF patent No. 2118290, IPC: C01B 31/04, published on August 27, 1998), which contains a vertical cylindrical lined chamber with two gas burners, a pipe for supplying a graphite product, a hearth with the possibility of vertical movement . The burners are installed at an angle L from 15 to 100° to each other, the branch pipe is in the range of the burners. The temperature in the zone of confluence of torches is not less than 1000°C. The ash content of the obtained thermally expanded graphite is less than 2 wt.%, the bulk density is 2-4 kg/m ³ , the pH of the water extract is 6.7-6.9, the fuel gas consumption is not more than 0.2 m ³ /kg of graphite.

The installation described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2134657 (IPC: C01B 31/04, published: 08/20/1999) is a vertical tubular heater, which receives a two-phase flow consisting of oxidized graphite and air, which, when mixed, is supplied to the thermal shock zone. The temperature in the thermal shock zone is 950-1400°C. The feed rate of the two-phase flow to the heater provides an annular flow regime. The minimum residence time of particles in the heater is 0.1-0.4 s. The expanded graphite is cooled during removal from the heater through an inclined or horizontal pipeline due to the destruction of the annular and the formation of a dispersed flow regime, which ensures mixing. The degree of expansion of graphite 25-150, bulk density 1.7-1.9 kg/m ³ .

A known method for producing thermally expanded graphite (RF patent No. 2648315, IPC: C01B 32/225, published: 03/23/2018) in which the heat treatment of GO is carried out using a continuous-wave fiber laser with a power density of 2⋅10 ³ -4⋅10 ³ W/cm ² , at a pressure of 1-1.001 atmospheres, a wavelength of 1-1.064 microns in a protective environment, which is used as gaseous argon.

A known method for producing thermally expanded graphite (Patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. KZ20316, IPC: C01B 31/04), where graphite is oxidized with a mixture of acid and an organic "reducing agent - coolant". Heat treatment and cooling are carried out in the gas products of the oxidation process, in order to simplify the method and increase the degree of expansion of graphite, the process of oxidation, drying and heat treatment is combined in one closed reactor. The resulting thermally expanded graphite has a low bulk density of 1.8 kg/m ³ and a special structure, due to which it has a high adsorption capacity.

A known method for producing expanded graphite using the method of microwave (MW) swelling (China patent No. CN101891186, IPC: C01B 31/04, published 01/18/2012) in which potassium dichromate is dissolved in a mixture solution for nitration, where the mass ratio of potassium dichromate to concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:23.3:46; under continuous stirring conditions, 95 mesh flake graphite containing 99% carbon is added to the solution, where it is processed for 31 minutes at room temperature with uniform stirring, while the mass ratio of potassium dichromate to flake graphite is from 1 to 8.3; the resulting product is washed with distilled water until the pH of the product is 7, then the product is pumped and filtered, after which it is placed in a drying oven at 60°C, and then the intercalated graphite is heated in a microwave oven and the expanded graphite is recovered. The expanded graphite production method is convenient, energy-saving and efficient, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions and easy chemical production, and can easily adjust and control the entire production process and results by adjusting and controlling the microwave power and heating time.

A known method for producing a graphite sorbent (RF patent No. 2134155, IPC: B01J 20/06, B01J 20/20, B01J 20/30, published: 08/10/1999) based on a modified TRG, with an increased sorption capacity, compared with a simple TRG, by thermal expansion of oxidized graphite (OG) powder, which involves preliminary mixing of GO with a powder of iron, cobalt, or nickel compounds in an organic liquid to impart magnetoactive properties to the sorbent. After uniform distribution of the metal compound in the volume of the mixture, the organic liquid is separated, the solid phase is dried to a free flowing state, and then its thermal expansion is carried out at a temperature of 900-1300°C. The sorbent thus obtained acquires ferromagnetic properties, high sorption capacity, and low bulk density.

All of the above methods involve the production of expanded graphite in stationary conditions and for the delivery of an ultralight sorbent to the place of bottling of oil products and other toxic substances, they require capacious transport, often with increased cross-country ability. Thus, the delivery of a sorbent can many times exceed the cost of its production.

Some of the known plants for the continuous production of TRG, complete with the required fuel supply, can theoretically be installed on the chassis of a vehicle or on board a watercraft and used for the production of a sorbent at the site of a man-made disaster. This method of solving the problem of sorbent delivery to the bottling site is more promising, however, taking into account the geography and climatic conditions of Russia, it is also not always feasible.

There is a known method for producing a sorbent, realizing which a carbon mixture of high reactivity (HRCM) is obtained (RF patent No. 2163883, IPC: C01B 31/04, B01J 20/20, published: 10.03. graphite-containing raw materials with at least one halogen-oxygen compound having the formula MXO _n , where: M is one of the chemicals of the series: H, NH ₄ , Na, K; X - one of the chemical substances of the series: Cl, Br, J; and n=1-4; followed by exothermic explosive decomposition of compounds initiated by either photochemical, or electrochemical, or mechanical, or thermochemical, or sonochemical, or direct chemical action, followed by initiation of the autocatalytic process of decomposition of the compound. Explosive substances, called initiating complexes, are introduced into the interlayer spaces of graphite, their explosive decomposition is initiated, and under the influence of microexplosions, not only van der Waals, but also covalent bonds are broken with the formation of the so-called high-reactivity carbon mixture (HRCM), in fact which is thermally expanded graphite.

This patent protects a device for carrying out the process of converting chemically treated graphite, which contains a sealed detachable housing, a loading tank, a receiving hopper, an explosive decomposition initiation unit and an outlet pipe. The loading capacity and the receiving bunker are located inside the body. As an initiation unit, a light source, electrodes, a driven striker, a heater, a source of ultrasonic vibrations, a vessel containing a chemical initiating substance can be used.

At the same time, the patent notes that “the conversion process can be carried out in any container (vessel, etc.)…”, which is confirmed by the video of the process of obtaining HRMS, which can be viewed at the link https://youtu.be/Xk5BKaN4vK4.

Thus, according to the known method, the process of obtaining HRCM can be carried out without the use of special heating installations, other devices and additional energy sources, which makes it possible to carry out the process in the field.

Significant disadvantages of the described method and device are the instability of the compositions proposed for their implementation, expressed in the multivariate initiation of the decomposition-expansion process, as well as explosion and fire hazard, toxicity, corrosiveness of both the initial compositions and the resulting decomposition products. This leads to a significant complication of the device, makes it more cumbersome due to the need to neutralize the above harmful factors. At the same time, there are restrictions on its use in stationary and field conditions.

Closest to the claimed method is a method for obtaining a carbon mixture of high reactivity (RF patent No. 2412899, IPC: C01B 31/04, B01J 20/20, published on February 27, 2011), adopted as a prototype, which consists in obtaining chemically sorbents for collecting emergency spilled liquid hydrocarbons, including from the water surface. Solid explosives, consisting of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, are melted, the melt is mixed with oxidized graphite, and solid granules or briquettes are formed from the resulting mixture during its cooling. Solid granules or briquettes with fuses are sealed after their manufacture. Before initiating an exothermic chemical reaction, the sealing shell-packaging is removed, the start of the exothermic chemical reaction is initiated by igniting the fuses placed in the holes-channels of the granules or briquettes. The invention does not provide for the use of special generating installations-reactors directly at the place of application of sorbents. The method has the following disadvantages:

- briquetted or granulated compositions consist of an oxidizing agent (preferably saltpeter), a reducing agent and TRG, therefore they are explosive under normal conditions under mechanical (impact, friction) and electrical effects (electrostatic discharge);

- when melted due to the application of high temperatures, explosive decomposition becomes even more likely;

- TRG obtained from IG intercalated with sulfuric acid will interact with nitrate, destroying the original composition of the composition and changing its properties. That is, the proposed device limits the use of the most known types of intercalated graphite;

- nitrates absorb moisture well, the probability of getting it during melting and cooling of briquettes and granules is very likely. Moisture will hydrolyze the saltpeter, and the resulting impurities can cause uncontrolled decomposition during storage. However, the isolation of the oxidizer from the TRG and the reducing agent is not provided.

The task to be solved by the claimed group of inventions is:

1. creation of a safe and efficient method for the production of TRG sorbent in the field, directly at the site of the elimination of an accidental spill of chemical pollutants, such as oil, oil products, synthetic and inorganic liquids, without the use of heating installations and additional energy sources;

2. development of a device for implementing this method, having a small size and weight, easily carried by a person and capable of producing a large volume of TRG-sorbent without the use of heating installations and any significant energy sources, with long-term storage, safe transportation and use at bottling sites oil, oil products and other toxic substances.

The technical result achieved by the claimed group of inventions is to obtain a powdered sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite (TRG-C), which has a low bulk density and high sorption capacity.

An additional technical result achieved by the group of inventions is the elimination of toxicity and corrosion, ensuring the ease and safety of loading, unloading, storage and delivery. This generally saves vehicle space due to the compactness and simplicity of the device, and also removes all restrictions for its use in the field.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of obtaining a sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite (TRG-S) in the field, a sorbent block is used as a device for converting graphite, consisting of two communicating containers that are airtight with respect to the environment, one of the containers filled with graphite and heating mixture. This container is equipped with a lid that can be easily thrown off during the formation of the TRG due to the effect on the cover of the pressure of the gases formed during the formation of the TRG. In another container there is at least one element that initiates the interaction of graphite and the heating mixture, which is an electric or thermal fuse connected to an autonomous current source (for example, finger batteries, a compact electric battery, etc.) located in a checker, or a mobile current source (for example, a car battery, etc.) connected to a checker. Current sources are needed to trigger the fuse. The containers are made of a material that is inert with respect to the substances filling them. The heating mixture (HC) contains components, the highly exothermic reaction between which ensures the rapid release of heat necessary for the expansion of the IG in order to obtain a TRG. The initiation of the reaction between the components of the NS is carried out by an electric or thermal fuse. Graphite and the heating mixture are placed inside the sealed container in layers, and the initiating element is installed with the possibility of contact with the heating mixture. Intercalated graphite was used as graphite, and a composition providing a highly exothermic reaction between its components was used as a heating mixture, while the ratio of intercalated graphite and heating mixture is from 9.5:0.5 to 1:2. Filling the device with reactive components is carried out at the place of production and/or basic storage of reactive components: intercalated graphite and heating mixture. After that, the prepared devices are transported to the place of use.

The preparation of TRG-sorbent is carried out directly at the place of application, in the field, for which a highly exothermic reaction is initiated between the components of the heating mixture using an electric and/or thermal fuse. The reaction proceeding in the device leads to the production of a powdered sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite (TRG-S), which has a low bulk density and a high sorption capacity.

To prevent the resulting TRG-S sorbent from being blown up by the wind, the process of initiating an exothermic reaction in the device can be carried out under water, in air in any container - a barrel, in a tent, in a suspended bag made of heat-resistant fabric, etc.

To prevent the ignition of oil products and their evaporation, the process of initiating an exothermic reaction in the device can be carried out both under water and in air in a closed container with its preliminary filling with a fire extinguishing aerosol or gas.

This method of generating the TRG-S sorbent provides the process of rapid thermal expansion of intercalated graphite due to the occurrence of a highly exothermic reaction between the components of the heating mixture that are part of the device. As a result of thermal expansion, a composition with a highly developed surface is formed, which ensures its increased sorption capacity.

The device for obtaining a sorbent in the field is made in the form of a sorbent block, consisting of two interconnected containers, airtight with respect to the environment, one of the containers is filled with intercalated graphite (OG, IG, ISG) and a heating mixture (HC). An initiating element is mounted in the container or attached to the wall of the container from the inside, which can be an electric or thermal igniter connected to an autonomous or mobile source of electric current.

The initiating element must be mounted on a sealed container filled with reaction components in such a way that contact between the ignition and the heating mixture is ensured in order to initiate a highly exothermic reaction in the container filled with reaction components.

To obtain a sorbent in accordance with the claimed group of inventions, intercalated graphite can be used, obtained by a known method by the mechanism of introducing ions and molecules into the crystal lattice of graphite, including modifying it with various compounds, such as compounds of iron, cobalt, nickel, etc., filling with this interlayer space of graphite. As a result of the heat treatment of intercalated graphite due to the formation of gaseous products between the graphite layers, intralayer pressure arises and the gas-vapor phase leaves the graphite matrix both along the graphite layer and perpendicular to it. As a result, the graphite layers break and move, the distance between the monolayers increases several times compared to the original matrix, and a new structure is formed - thermally expanded graphite.

As a heating mixture, substances or compositions are used that ensure the occurrence of a highly exothermic reaction. Such a combination of components provides ultrafast heating of intercalated graphite with the formation of TRG due to a sharp release of heat during the interaction of the components of the heating mixture, initiated by electric and/or thermal fuse. The ratio of intercalated graphite and the heating mixture in the device (sorbent block) can be in the proportion from 9.5:0.5 to 1:2. The specific choice of the ratio depends on the type of IG, methods of filling the sorbent cartridge, the magnitude of the voltage supplied by the initiating element, since some types of IG require higher energy costs for the thermal expansion process, while other types of IG require less energy. The use of IG more than 9.5 parts per 0.5 parts of HC leads to a decrease in the reaction temperature and the production of TRG-C with a high bulk density. The use of IG less than 1 part to 2 parts of NS leads to excessive intensification of the process, the simultaneous release of a large volume of the vapor-gas phase and, as a result, the removal of unreacted, unexpanded IG particles from the reaction zone, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the sorbent.

To ensure long-term storage of the device for obtaining a sorbent in various climatic conditions, particles of graphite and / or heating mixture can be "encapsulated", i.e. coated with a chemically resistant inert material, for example, paraffin, stearic acid, etc., or isolated from each other, for example, in layers, with a material inert with respect to each of the components of the checker. Polyethylene, polypropylene, cardboard, and the like can be used as the inert material. The materials used to separate the components must decompose under the conditions for obtaining TRG (during the implementation of an exothermic reaction). The use of inert separating or insulating materials with a low melting point retains the characteristics of bulk density and sorption capacity of the resulting sorbent within the same limits as in the case of non-encapsulated or non-isolated particles of graphite and/or heating mixture, but at the same time, the storage time of the sorbent increases several times. checkers.

The sorbent cartridge can be formed from horizontal layers of graphite and a heating mixture, as well as in the form of a “pipe in a pipe” structure (vertical arrangement of IG and NS layers), while the pipes are made of a material inert with respect to the cartridge components.

Layers of graphite and heating mixture can be placed in the container of the device in any sequence, while maintaining the specified proportion of their ratio from 9.5:0.5 to 1:2.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

In FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the device, in which NS and IG are arranged in layers (one layer of each reaction component).

In FIG. 2 shows a particular case of the device according to the variant of FIG. 1 with the location of the NS and IG in several alternating layers. Different alternation of layers is allowed. For example, NS-IG-NS-IG, etc.; IG-NS-IG-NS, etc.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the device, in which the NS and IG are arranged according to the “pipe in pipe” design type. It is allowed to place the IG in a tube of a larger diameter, and the NS - of a smaller diameter.

The device contains a sealed container 1 filled with reaction components: a heating mixture 3 and powder 4 of intercalated graphite, connected to a small sealed container 2 containing at least one initiating element, consisting of an electric or thermal fuse 5 and an energy supply source (not shown in the drawing), in this case, tanks 1 and 2 are connected by fuse 5.

The device shown in Fig. 1 consists of two communicating tanks 1 and 2, sealed against the environment. Tank 1 contains a layer of heating mixture (HC) 3 and intercalated graphite (IG) 4. Tank 2 contains an initiating element consisting of an electric or thermal fuse 5 connected to an autonomous or mobile power source.

The heating mixture (HC) is a powder that, after an initiating action, allows the IG to be heated to the required temperature within seconds. The fuse(s) 5 is in contact with the heating mixture, which is in the tank 1. This system allows you to initiate a highly exothermic reaction between the components of the HC. As a result of the reaction, heat is released, which is necessary for the rapid heating of IG to a temperature that ensures the rapid formation of TRG from IG.

The device shown in Fig. 2, consists of two communicating containers 1 and 2, sealed against the environment. Container 1 contains alternating layers of NS 3 and IG 4. Container 2 contains several initiating elements, representing an electric or thermal fuse 5 connected to an autonomous energy source (not shown in the drawing), while each fuse 5 is in contact with the corresponding layer of NS 3 A different variation of the IG and NS layers is possible.

The device shown in Fig. 3, of the pipe-in-pipe type, consists of two communicating tanks 1 and 2, sealed against the environment. Tank 1 is made according to the "pipe in pipe" type. HC 3 is placed in the annular space (the space between the pipe of larger diameter and the pipe of smaller diameter), and IG 4 is placed in the pipe of smaller diameter. The initiating element, which is a fuse 5, connected to an autonomous or mobile power source (not shown in the drawing), is located in the container 2. The pipes are made of an inert material with respect to the components placed in them.

A device for implementing a method for obtaining a sorbent in the field works as follows. An autonomous or mobile power source (not shown in the drawings) is brought into contact with the fuse 5, which, when ignited, initiates a highly exothermic reaction between the components of the heating mixture 3. The heat released in this case is transferred at high speed to the intercalated graphite 4, which, as a result of thermal shock, rapidly expands with the formation of thermally expanded graphite, which is a powdered sorbent with a low bulk density and high sorption capacity.

Elements of the device: containers 1 and 2 decompose (burn out) during the exothermic reaction. At the same time, the degree of expansion of IG during the formation of TRG is at least 200 times.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1 A heating mixture (HC) was prepared from powders of potassium nitrate and metallic magnesium in a ratio of 60/40 (by weight). It was poured into a cardboard tube 20 mm in diameter and 70 mm high and lightly compacted by hand with a pestle. Then, intercalated graphite (IG), obtained by sulfur technology, was poured into the tube and compacted manually in the same way. Weight ratio in the IG/NS tube = (1.5:1). The initiation of an exothermic reaction between potassium nitrate and magnesium was carried out by heating a nichrome wire made of Kh20N80 alloy (diameter 1 mm), having a length of 65 mm, and connected to an autonomous current source with a voltage of 5 V. The heat released during the reaction between the NS components ensured rapid heating of the IG to temperatures above 900°C and the formation of TRG-S powder with a low bulk density of 3.8 g/liter and a high oil sorption capacity of 98 g/g (determined according to GOST 33627 2015) in 12 seconds. In the range of IG/NS ratios from 9.5:0.5 to 1:2, the test results were similar.

Example 2. The preparation of a device for obtaining a sorbent was carried out according to the conditions of example 1. The difference between the examples from each other was only that the ratio of IG/NS was 1:2.5, that is, it was outside the claimed range. To ensure the selected ratio of IG and NS, the necessary diameters of the tubes were selected. The time to complete the formation of TRG-S was 3 seconds. The resulting TRG-S powder had a fairly high bulk density of 21.2 g/l, and TRG-S included IG inclusions that had not undergone thermal expansion, and the oil sorption capacity was only 48.2 g/g.

Example 3. The preparation of the device was carried out according to the conditions of example 1. The only difference between the examples from each other was that the ratio of IG/NS was 9.75:0.25, which indicates an increased content of IG compared to the stated ratio. The time to complete the formation of TRG-S was 8 minutes. The resulting TRG-S powder had a bulk density of 61.6 g/l (in TRG-S, a very significant presence of IG, which was not subjected to thermal expansion, was observed), and a sorption capacity for oil of 15.4 g/g.

Example 4. NS was prepared from black powder, consisting of 75% potassium nitrate, 15% coal; 10% sulfur. NS (gunpowder) was poured into an outer cardboard tube with a height of 70 mm of the “pipe in pipe” design; and into the inner cardboard tube of the IG in the calculated amount, providing the ratio of IG / HC equal to 2.3: 1, slightly compacting by hand. The diameters of the outer and inner tubes are selected while maintaining their height in order to provide the required weight ratio of NS and IG. The initiation of the reaction was carried out as in example 1. The time of formation of TRG-C was 14 seconds. In this case, the bulk density was 4.5 g/liter and the sorption capacity for oil was 96 g/g.

Example 5 This example illustrates the production of a modified TRH. NS was prepared from black powder, consisting of 75% potassium nitrate, 15% coal; 10% sulfur. Gunpowder (NS) was poured into an outer cardboard tube with a height of 70 mm of the “pipe in pipe” design; and into the inner cardboard tube of the IG in the calculated amount, providing the ratio of IG / HC equal to 8: 1, slightly compacting by hand. The diameters of the outer and inner tubes are selected while maintaining their height in order to provide the required weight ratio of NS and IG. In the experiment, IG preliminarily mixed with nickel oxide powder in an organic liquid was used. The initiation of the reaction was carried out in the same way as in example 1. The time of formation of TRG was 11 seconds. In this case, the bulk density was 2.5 g/liter and the sorption capacity for oil was 100 g/g.

Thus, the claimed method and device make it possible to quickly and safely obtain in the field a large amount of sorbent based on TRG with a high sorption capacity and optimal bulk density without the use of heating installations and additional energy sources.

Claims (15)

1. A method for producing a sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite (TEG) in the field, which includes initiating a highly exothermic reaction between the components of the heating mixture using a fuse and exposing the heat of this reaction to intercalated graphite, characterized in that a device according to item 5, pre-filled with components of intercalated graphite and heating mixture, while the mass ratio of intercalated graphite and heating mixture is from 9.5:0.5 to 1:2. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the initiation of a highly exothermic reaction is carried out under water. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the initiation of a highly exothermic reaction is carried out in air in a closed container to protect from the wind. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the initiation of a highly exothermic reaction is carried out in a closed container, which is pre-filled with a fire extinguishing aerosol or gas that prevents the ignition of oil products and their fumes. 5. A device for obtaining a sorbent based on thermally expanded graphite in the field, consisting of two interconnected containers, sealed to the environment, one of the containers contains graphite and a heating mixture, the other container contains at least one element that initiates a highly exothermic reaction between components of the heating mixture, while intercalated graphite is used as graphite, and as a heating mixture - a composition that ensures the occurrence of a highly exothermic reaction between its components, while the mass ratio of intercalated graphite and heating mixture is from 9.5: 0.5 to 1: 2, the initiating element, which is an electric and/or thermal fuse, is installed with the possibility of contacting the fuse with the components of the heating mixture. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the intercalated graphite and the heating mixture are placed inside the container containing them in layers, and the initiating element is installed so that the fuse can contact the layer of the heating mixture. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains one layer of intercalated graphite and a heating mixture. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains several alternating layers of intercalated graphite and a heating mixture, while the number of initiating elements corresponds to the number of layers of the heating mixture. 9. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 6-8, characterized in that the layers of intercalated graphite and the heating mixture are separated from each other by a material inert to them. 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the layers of intercalated graphite and the heating mixture are arranged according to the "pipe in pipe" design. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the pipes are made of a material that is inert with respect to the components filling the container. 12. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the fuse is connected to an autonomous current source. 13. The device according to claim. 5, characterized in that the fuse is made with the possibility of connection with a mobile current source. 14. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that modified intercalated graphite is used to increase the sorption capacity of the resulting TRG sorbent. 15. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the particles of the heating mixture are encapsulated with an inert material with respect to them, which decomposes during the course of a highly exothermic reaction.

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