RU2745552C1 - Dry construction method for energy-efficient building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction and namely to the structures of building elements. Disclosed is a method of dry construction of an energy-efficient building according to which a foundation is erected. A base and multilayer load-bearing external walls consisting of load-bearing frame elements are mounted on the foundation. The multilayer load-bearing external walls include stands and crossbars and contain facing facade and finishing inner layers. Window and door openings are made in the bearing outer walls. The building covering is mounted in which the power flooring is used. The difference lies in the fact that each outer wall is made of at least two frames of a light steel structure which are placed at a calculated distance from each other and fastened together with connecting elements. In this case, the inner supporting frame is placed in the “warm” zone, and the outer enclosing frame is placed in the “cold” zone. A thermal liner is installed between each outer wall frame and each connecting element. The axes of the posts and crossbars of the inner supporting frame and the axes of the posts and crossbars of the outer enclosing frame are displaced relative to each other.

EFFECT: invention increases the thermal efficiency of the building structure.

7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of architecture and construction, namely, to the structures of building elements, and can be used in the development of projects and subsequent development of the territories of suburban and rural settlement systems of permanent residence, as well as recreational areas for year-round recreation.

The known method of construction of an energy efficient and environmentally friendly building according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 80486, class. Е04Н 1/00, 2009, according to which an energy efficient and ecological building is being erected as follows.

A foundation is erected on the selected and marked area, for which screw piles are installed in the indicated places, exposing them at the same level. Then, in order to create a single foundation, all screw piles are connected to each other by a strapping beam, either metal or concrete.

The base is mounted on the erected foundation, collecting it from three layers, while the base panel is fixed directly to the foundation. After that, walls are erected, the panels of which are connected to the base panels. Beams are installed inside the walls, connecting them together with a connecting element and fasteners. The voids between the ordinary beams are filled with insulation. And the corner of the wall, where the beam and wall panels are also located, is connected by an end connecting element. To impart a certain rigidity to the building, the lower and upper ends of the assembled walls are connected with a strapping beam.

Then the ceiling is mounted, also made of unified panels, laying them on the assembled walls and connecting them to the strapping beam. After that, the elements of the roof and the roof are erected. The building is assembled. They proceed to interior decoration, including mounting a ventilation and heating system, which includes a warm baseboard. It is installed around the perimeter of the room. The heat emanating from it quickly heats up the floor and walls of the room and maintains a constant temperature along its entire height.

The technology used in the construction of the described building: frame-panel, is an expedient and effective solution that gives significant savings. One of the components of which is the use of a wooden and metal frame based on light steel thin-walled structures. And also the use of a foundation with the use of screw piles: it is economical, it allows you to completely abandon earthworks. Work can be carried out at any time of the year, even in winter. Foundations with the use of screw piles can significantly save construction time, significantly reduce costs by 30-50%, and solve environmental protection issues much more efficiently.

In addition, the construction of the walls meets the basic requirements - warm, economical, reliable and quick to erect. High energy-saving characteristics of a house made of thermal insulation panels are achieved through the use of modern materials and warm skirting boards. It creates a climate that has a positive effect on human health:

- evenly distributes heat in the room;

- heats the floor and walls;

- saves up to 40% energy;

- easy to install;

- allows you to quickly change the temperature, including with the use of modern automation.

The disadvantage of this building is that the construction technologies used require improvements in terms of their insulation system using new materials and construction technologies.

The known method of construction of an energy efficient building according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 131752, class. Е04В 1/02, Е04Н 1/00, 2013, accepted by the applicant as a prototype, according to which the high energy efficiency of the building is ensured, for example, by performing the construction of the floor slab and the construction of load-bearing enclosing multilayer walls.

When manufacturing a floor slab either at the factory, or directly at a construction site when manufacturing a monolithic floor slab, reinforcement cages with embedded parts are placed in the body of the slab so that some embedded parts are placed flush with the outer plane of the end of the floor slab. Others are flush with the upper and lower planes of the floor slab.

Between the reinforcing cages in the floor slab, nests are made, into which then, during the installation of the floor slab, heat-insulating liners are placed.

After installing the floor slab, a self-supporting multi-layer wall is mounted.

To do this, a heat-sound-insulating substrate is laid on the surface of the floor slab along the outer perimeter of the building, on which a U-shaped strapping is also installed along the entire perimeter and fixed to the floor slab. Then, in the U-shaped strapping with a certain step, C-shaped posts are installed with pre-crimped ends, made as such not only for convenience, but also for the reliability and accuracy of the installation.

Along the outer end of the floor slab, the supporting structure of the facade is attached to the embedded parts.

Between the C-shaped pillars, the first heat and sound insulation layer is laid over their entire height, then the first facing inner layer, the vapor barrier layer and the second facing inner layer.

After that, a second heat-sound-insulating layer, a windproof layer are installed from the outer side of the self-supporting multilayer enclosing wall, and a facing facade layer is mounted on the supporting structure of the facade.

Depending on climatic conditions, a self-supporting multi-layer wall is made of different thicknesses by using one or two metal profiles for the Conforming post and due to their different connection.

The construction of the walls meets the basic requirements of future home owners - warm, economical, reliable and fast-erected.

In general, the proposed frame-panel construction technology has the following advantages: high rates of construction; the possibility of construction at any time of the year without loss of quality and increase in the cost of work; manufacturing of building constituent elements with high factory preparation and accuracy; during the construction process, no special equipment is required, since the parts of the frame are small in size and weight, the house is assembled by the efforts of a team of 4-5 people; the ability to keep the landscape of the area and the vegetation available on the site intact; high heat-insulating and sound-insulating properties of the structure; environmental friendliness of the materials used; a wide variety of architectural and planning solutions and interior decoration, the ability to use any materials for finishing the facade of the house.

In the construction of the building, sufficient energy saving is given to the walls. However, the main disadvantages are that during construction, wet processes are used and attempts are made to retain heat in the house in an artificial way, using either underfloor heating or other heating devices.

The technical problem of creating an energy efficient building is the use of proven materials and new promising ones, the use of already known methods of construction and / or to offer their own new methods based on scientific developments and experimental research.

The technical problem posed is solved by the fact that in the proposed solution a foundation is erected, a base is mounted on the erected foundation, then multilayer load-bearing external walls are erected, consisting of load-bearing frame elements and containing facing facade and finishing inner layers, window openings and door openings are made in the load-bearing external walls. openings, the covering of the building is mounted, where the power flooring is used, each outer wall is made of at least two frames of a light steel structure, which are placed at a calculated distance from each other and fastened together with connecting elements, and the inner supporting frame is placed in a "warm "Zone, and the outer enclosing frame is placed in the" cold "zone, a thermal insert is installed between each frame of the outer wall and each connecting element.

In addition, a vapor barrier and sheet finishing materials are installed on the inner surface of the supporting frame, and windproof insulation is installed on the outer surface of the outer enclosing frame and the elements of the curtain facade are fixed, and the space between the vapor barrier and windproof insulation is filled with "dry" insulation.

In addition, window openings in the outer wall are made in each frame, the inner bearing and the outer fencing, and each window opening is filled with a window structure, which is made at least in the form of a glass unit.

In addition, doorways in the outer wall are made in each frame with an internal load-bearing and an external fencing, and a door structure is installed in each doorway.

In addition, window and door openings are framed around the perimeter with a thermal insert.

In addition, the power flooring is placed in the “warm” coverage area, the “dry” insulation is placed on the power flooring, and the ventilated part of the coating is placed on the dry insulation, already in the “cold” zone.

In addition, the ventilated part of the covering is made of profiled sheets, on which the underlying material is then spread, after which a waterproofing carpet is arranged on the surface of the underlying material, which completes the installation of the building covering, and the profiled sheets are laid over each other with an overlap of at least two waves.

The technical result from the use of the proposed invention is to increase the thermal efficiency of the structure of the external walls with energy-saving window and door openings placed in them, and the effectiveness of the coating that retains heat inside the building, and the building, built by the "dry" method, without the use of any wet processes and as a result of the application of the proposed solutions, it becomes energy efficient.

FIG. 1 shows a fragment of a section of the outer wall of a building, top view;

in fig. 2 - view A in FIG. one;

in fig. 3 - view B in Fig. 2;

in fig. 4 - window opening in the outer wall, filled with a window structure in the form of a glass unit;

in fig. 5 - doorway in the outer wall with the installed door structure;

in fig. 6 shows a fragment of a cross-section of a building covering, a cross-section, in which a load-bearing flooring made of the "Bizon" profile is used.

The creation of an energy efficient and environmentally friendly building begins with the development of a project, in which the parameters of all elements of the building, microclimate conditions, including ventilation and heating, are laid. Much attention is paid to maintaining a given temperature in the premises of a building and structure.

One of the main elements of the building is the load-bearing outer wall, mounted on the foundation 1. In the claimed solution, the outer wall is made of two frames 2 and 3 of a light steel structure. Frames 2 and 3 are placed at a calculated distance from each other and fastened together with connecting elements 4.

Frame 2 - the inner supporting frame (Fig. 3, ab) is placed in the "warm" zone, and the frame 3 - the outer enclosing frame (Fig. 3, an) is placed in the "cold" zone, where: a is the estimated width of the frame profile: AB - internal, an - external, at - the estimated distance between the internal and external frames. The structure of each frame 2 and 3 of the outer wall includes posts 5 and 6 and crossbars 7 and 8. Moreover, the axes of the posts and crossbars of the inner supporting frame and the axes of the posts and crossbars of the outer enclosing frame are displaced "e" relative to each other.

Thermal inserts 9 are installed between each frame 2 and 3 of the outer wall and each connecting element 4.

On the inner surface of the supporting frame 2, a vapor barrier 10 and sheet finishing materials 11 are installed. On the outer surface of the outer enclosing frame 3, a windproof insulation 12 is installed and elements 13 of the hinged facade are fixed. The space between the vapor barrier 10 and the windproof insulation 12 is filled with "dry" insulation 14.

Window openings 15 and 16 are made in the outer wall, namely, in each frame 2 and 3 in the inner bearing and outer fencing. Each window opening 15 and 16 is filled with a window structure 17 and 18 containing at least a glass unit 19 and 20.

And also doorways 21 and 22 are made in the outer wall, namely, in each frame 2 and 3 in the inner bearing and outer fencing. In each doorway 21 and 22, a door structure 23 and 24 is installed.

Moreover, along the perimeter, window openings 15 and 16 and door openings 21 and 22 are framed by a thermal insert 9.

An important element of the building, on which the thermal efficiency depends, is the coating that conserves heat inside the building.

The basis of the coating is a power deck 25, made of the "Bizon" profile and placed in the "warm" coverage area. A "dry" insulation 14 is laid on the flooring of the power 25, and on it, already in the "cold" zone, the ventilated part of the coating is placed.

The ventilated part of the coating is made of profiled sheets 26, on which the underlying material 27 is spread, for example: OSB, CBPB, etc. On the surface of the underlying material 27, the upper finishing layer of the coating is made - a waterproofing carpet 28. Moreover, the profiled sheets 26 are stacked on top of each other at least than two waves.

The method of "dry" construction of an energy efficient building is as follows.

In the technological sequence, the foundation 1 is erected, the base is mounted on the erected foundation 1, and then the load-bearing external walls are erected, the ceiling, roof elements and the roof are mounted.

The outer wall is made of at least two frames 2 and 3 of a light steel structure, which are placed at a calculated distance from each other and fastened together with connecting elements 4. Moreover, the inner supporting frame 2 is placed in a "warm" zone, and the outer enclosing frame 3 is placed in the "cold" zone, a thermal insert 9 is installed between each frame 2 and 3 of the outer wall and each connecting element 4.

A vapor barrier 10 and sheet finishing materials 11 are installed on the inner surface of the supporting frame 2, and windproof insulation 12 is installed on the outer surface of the outer enclosing frame 3 and the elements 13 of the curtain facade are fixed. Moreover, the space between the vapor barrier 10 and the windproof insulation 12 is filled with "dry" insulation 14.

Window openings 15 and 16 in the outer wall are made in each frame of the inner bearing 2 and the outer fencing 3, and each window opening 15 and 16 is filled with a window structure 17 and 18, which is made at least in the form of a glass unit 19 and 20.

Doorways 21 and 22 in the outer wall are made in each frame of the inner bearing 2 and the outer enclosing 3, and in each doorway 21 and 22 a door structure 23 and 24 is installed.

Moreover, the window openings 15 and 16 and the door openings 21 and 22 along the perimeter are framed with a thermal insert 9.

The base of the covering is the flooring of the power 25 made of the "Bizon" profile and is placed in the "warm" coverage area. A "dry" insulation 14 is laid on the flooring of the power 25, and on it, already in the "cold" zone, the ventilated part of the coating is placed.

The ventilated part of the cover is made of profiled sheets 26, on which the underlayment 27 is then spread. After that, a waterproofing carpet 28 is arranged on the surface of the underlayment 27, which completes the installation of the building cover. Moreover, the profiled sheets 26 overlap each other at least two waves.

Installation of the cover finishes the construction of the building.

The use of the proposed technical solution made it possible to implement a "dry" method of construction of an energy-efficient building, the technical result of which is to increase the thermal efficiency of the building perimeter structure, including the energy-saving window and door openings placed in it, and the efficiency of the coating that conserves heat inside the building, and a building constructed in a "dry" way, without the use of any wet processes and as a result of the application of the proposed solutions, becomes energy efficient and energy saving.

Claims (7)

1. The method of dry construction of an energy-efficient building, according to which the foundation is erected, the base is mounted on the erected foundation, then multilayer load-bearing external walls are erected, consisting of load-bearing elements of the frame, including racks and crossbars, and containing facing facade and finishing inner layers, perform window openings and doorways in the load-bearing outer walls, a building covering is mounted, where a power flooring is used, characterized in that each outer wall is made of at least two frames of a light steel structure, which are placed at a calculated distance from each other and fastened together by connecting elements, and the inner supporting frame is placed in the "warm" zone, and the outer enclosing frame is placed in the "cold" zone, a thermal insert is installed between each frame of the outer wall and each connecting element, and the axes of the posts and crossbars of the inner supporting frame and the axis of the posts and crossbars of the outer enclosing ka Frames are placed with an offset "e" relative to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a vapor barrier and sheet finishing materials are installed on the inner surface of the supporting frame, and windproof insulation is installed on the outer surface of the outer enclosing frame and the elements of the curtain facade are fixed, and the space between the vapor barrier and the windproof insulation is filled with "dry »Insulation. 3. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the window openings in the outer wall are made in each frame, internal load-bearing and external fencing, and each window opening is filled with a window structure, which is made at least in the form of a glass unit. 4. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the doorways in the outer wall are made in each frame of the inner bearing and outer fencing, and a door structure is installed in each doorway. 5. The method according to PP. 3 and 4, characterized in that the window and door openings are framed around the perimeter with a thermal insert. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the power flooring is placed in the "warm" coverage area, the "dry" insulation is placed on the power flooring, and the ventilated part of the coating is placed on the dry insulation, already in the "cold" zone. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the ventilated part of the covering is made of profiled sheets, on which the underlying material is then spread, after which a waterproofing carpet is arranged on the surface of the underlying material, which completes the installation of the building covering, and the profiled sheets are stacked on top of each other overlap at least two waves.

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