RU2638533C1 - Solar vegetarium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: solar vegetarium comprises a rectangular greenhouse with a flat roof, a system of perforated pipes 10 laid in the greenhouse soil and connected by a transverse manifold pipe connected to a vertical ventilation pipe with flaps. The other ends of the perforated pipes are led into the inside of the greenhouse. The vegetarium has a stove-wall with hoods accumulating thermal energy. The greenhouse is made of two parts 1, 2 and a product processing unit 3 separated therefrom by a stove wall, heaters of the lower 5 and the upper 9 stove tiers. The heaters of the lower 5 tier are equipped with shutter doors 6, 11 and 7 and are connected to the perforated pipes creating microclimate and irrigation in the greenhouse. The heaters of the upper 9 stove tier with doors 8 and transoms 12 are connected to the ventilation system, and accumulating hoods - to each part of the greenhouse.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the use of energy resources for heating, ventilation and in-soil irrigation in any period of the year.

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Description

The invention relates to a power system in agriculture and can be used in heating systems of a greenhouse and an adjacent unit (room) for processing products and placing various agricultural technologies. The invention is intended for year-round use in the greater middle part of the territory of our country, including the northern territories, with minimal use of local fuel resources in the furnace.

A known installation for heating a greenhouse according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2087094, IPC A01G 9/24, author Kudinov A.A.

The installation includes: a boiler 1, a heating system for a tent of a greenhouse connected to a boiler, a contact heat exchanger 3 for the heat of combustion products, a system 4 for ground heating of a greenhouse, a storage tank 5, an air decarbonizer 6 with a branch pipe 7 for venting, connected by a pipe to the suction duct of the blower fan boiler system 8 of the gas distribution of the greenhouse. The gas distribution system 8 of the greenhouse is connected through a filter 9 to a pipe 10 with a channel 11 for the removal of combustion products into the atmosphere and, optionally, to a pipe 12 with a carbon dioxide generator 13. The supply of humidified blast air into the furnace reduces the output of nitrogen oxides, increases the service life of highly stressed furnace elements and the moisture content of the flue gases leaving the boiler 1, thereby increasing the heat output of the contact utilizer 3. The required additional amount of carbon dioxide is supplied to the gas distribution system 8 of the greenhouse via pipeline 12 from the generator 13 carbon dioxide. Part of the combustion products through a pipe 10 through the filter 9 is fed into the system 8. During periods when there is no need to supply carbon dioxide to the greenhouse, the combustion products are completely discharged into the atmosphere through the channel 11.

The disadvantages of the installation for heating the greenhouse are energy dependence on external power supply and the presence of additional sophisticated equipment: a boiler, a tank with a decarbonizer, a contact utilizer of the heat of combustion products, a carbon dioxide generator. Energy-dependent complex circulation systems: a heat carrier for heating the tent, underground heating of the greenhouse, supplying heated and saturated air with water vapor after the decarbonizer through the exhaust pipe to the suction box of the boiler blower fan, as well as the gas distribution of the greenhouse. In addition, the circulation systems have pumps, blowers and draft exhaust fans, and other equipment that requires qualified service. Failure of some equipment, a circulation system or a power outage can lead to a stop of the plant and freezing of plants, and a malfunction of the smoke exhaust system to a boiler accident.

Also known is the power supply and subsurface irrigation system of the greenhouse according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2474108, IPC A01G 9/24, authors: Vasiliev Aleksey Mikhailovich (RU), Denisov Vladimir Viktorovich (RU).

The system includes a circulation heating circuit, equipped with a water boiler (1) with a thermogenerator module (22), a supply pipe (2), a centrifugal pump (3), a discharge pipe (4), ground plate radiators (5), and an underground heating part (6) , a water supply pipe (7) with a shut-off valve (8), a water-supply expansion tank (9) with a shut-off valve (10) connected to a flexible distribution hose (11) equipped with a shut-off valve (12), individual connections (13) with shut-off valves (14) and inside soil humidifiers (15) perforated in the lower part (16), a device for the removal of fuel combustion products into the atmosphere (17), a gas distribution device (18) equipped with a shut-off valve (19), a filter (20) and deflectors (21), electric wires (23) and batteries (24).

The disadvantage of the energy supply system and intra-soil irrigation of the greenhouse is also its complexity. Heating is provided by a large number of equipment, fittings, appliances, pipelines, radiators, humidifiers, as well as the presence of a boiler, pump and tank. The control of gas distribution devices, filters, deflectors and electrical modules, the life of which is limited, requires, in addition, qualified service. This system requires a large amount of electricity and labor costs for maintenance. The thermogenerator module with small batteries does not provide the entire energy supply system with a power outage, which may lead to loss of landings. The system does not provide effective cooling of the greenhouse during the day and heating at night. The issue of efficient ventilation of the greenhouse without loss of useful gases and the use of electricity is not being addressed. The presence of volatile energy supply can lead to a complete loss of crop during a power outage.

The closest technical solution is the device of the solar vegetation A.V. Ivanov, described in the book "Solar Vegetarian", the authors A. Ivanko, A. Kalinichenko, N. Shmat. Kiev, 1996, p. 11, fig. 6).

The system of air heat storage in the soil with forced ventilation, Fig. 6 on page 11, contains a rectangular greenhouse with a flat roof, located strictly from north to south under a slope of 15-20 degrees. The roof and three walls of the vegetarium (lateral and southern end) are covered with translucent material, and the northern wall is capital. To achieve maximum effect, the north wall is painted white or covered with a mirror foil. The beds inside the greenhouse are located on terraces descending from north to south. Passages are arranged between ridges. Solar flow is reflected from the roof and walls of an upright structure, heating the greenhouse and the ground in it.

To create the optimum internal temperature and the necessary microclimate, as well as irrigation of the soil, the following technical systems are used.

A special system of perforated pipes is laid under the fertile soil layer, which are connected to vertical channels in the wall, in which traction is created by electric fans. The hot and humid air of the greenhouse is sucked into pipes underground, where it condenses into water for irrigation. Air heats the soil and the cooled goes back into the greenhouse, lowering the temperature there. The fan, in addition to the internal air circulation, can let out, that is, vent, air outward when switching gates during the summer overheating.

The disadvantages of the device of a solar vegetarium V.A. Ivanov, described in the book "Solar Vegetarian", the authors A. Ivanko, A. Kalinichenko, N. Shmat. Kiev, 1996, p. 11, fig. 6 are as follows:

- There are no reliable effective sources of energy independence to ensure the safety of the vegetarium in winter.

- There is no way to accumulate heat inside the greenhouse using cheap local fuel.

- The air is circulated due to expensive electricity with almost round-the-clock fans.

- Single-circuit air circulation for ventilation carries away carbon dioxide, part of the nitrogen and moisture necessary for plant nutrition.

- There is no heated room for processing on-site products and the placement of various agricultural technologies.

- It is difficult to find a correctly oriented area on a slope of 15-20 ° in its natural state. An artificial bulk slope requires extensive land work to create, compact, perform vertical layout of the site and drain rainwater. There are problems when performing construction and installation work on a slope, which also significantly increases the cost of building a vegetation.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages, save and increase the efficiency of energy use for heating, ventilation and for soil irrigation. Autonomous energy supply of the greenhouse is provided at any time of the year. Regulation of all technological processes in the greenhouse is carried out without the use of electricity. In the proposed vegetarian food processing costs are reduced. It is possible to use various agricultural technologies in a heated room and, as a result, the cost of production is reduced.

Technical advantages compared with the prototype are achieved by the fact that the veggie has a wall-oven with heat-absorbing caps. It is possible to create many furnaces of various capacities, sizes and functional purposes, with a different number of storage hoods. The cap can be of any shape and volume. This made it possible to divide the greenhouse into two volumes and provide in each of them the necessary microclimate, ventilation, subsoil irrigation and gas exchange, including due to the redistribution of gas flows in different caps.

Technical advantages are achieved by the fact that a solar veggie containing a rectangular greenhouse with a flat roof, a system of perforated pipes laid in the ground of the greenhouse and connected by a transverse collector pipe connected to a vertical ventilation pipe with dampers, the other ends of the perforated pipes brought into the greenhouse, are different the fact that the veggie has a wall oven with heat-absorbing caps, while the greenhouse is made of two parts and a processing unit separated from the furnace wall, heaters of the lower and upper tiers of the furnace, and the heaters of the lower tier are equipped with gate valves and connected to perforated pipes creating a microclimate and irrigation in the greenhouse, the heaters of the upper tier of the furnace with doors and transoms are connected to the ventilation system, and the accumulating hoods are connected to each of parts of the greenhouse.

In FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show a diagram of a solar vegetarium. In FIG. 1 shows a section bB shown in FIG. 2, in FIG. 2 shows a section AA shown in FIG. one

The solar vegetarian in the LDH system shown in FIG. 1 and 2, consists of: a greenhouse divided into two parts 1 and 2, a unit for processing products and placing various agricultural technologies 3, a wall furnace 4, a lower-calorie heater 5 with doors 6, 11, and valves 7 to provide internal and external air circulation in the greenhouse, air heater of the upper tier 9 with doors 8 with transom 12, valve 15 for ventilation of the greenhouse, perforated pipes 10 for air circulation for heating and irrigation of the subsoil.

Vegetarian works as follows.

The wall of heaters 5 and 9 is heated in the summer by solar energy. The wall transfers radiant, convective heat to the greenhouse and heats the air in the heaters. The same happens if in the cold season to use fuel in the furnace 12 of the furnace-wall 4. If you ignite the fuel, the furnace heats the air in the heater 5, which heats the wall of the heater, and the wall transfers radiant and convective heat to the greenhouse. For air circulation through the perforated pipes 10, doors 6 open. In the air heater 5 there is a natural draft, without the use of fans, due to the heating of air in it by solar energy in the summer and from the stove in the winter, which draws hot and humid air from the greenhouse through the pipes. Moisture condenses in pipes 10 and irrigates the soil. Thus, there is an internal circulation of air in the greenhouse, with carbon dioxide, part of the nitrogen and moisture - the main plant nutrition - remain in the greenhouse. Cooled and drained air returns to the greenhouse. When opening the door 11 in the lower zone of the greenhouse, internal circulation occurs, air is mixed in the greenhouse and the air flow through the perforated pipes for heating and irrigation is reduced. To create or change the required microclimate and irrigation of the soil in different parts of the greenhouse 1 and 2 in the wall furnace, the paths of gas movement are changed due to the opening or closing of the valves. More or less gas is sent to the caps of the furnace (heat transfer surfaces) - left or right. The greenhouse is ventilated by opening the transom 12, door 8 and gate valve 15 shown in FIG. 2. Carbon dioxide is 1.5 times heavier than air and is located in the lower zone of the greenhouse, and heat transfer takes place in the upper zone of the greenhouse, so carbon dioxide, part of the nitrogen and moisture - the main plant nutrition - remain in the greenhouse.

Claims (1)

Solar veggie containing a rectangular greenhouse with a flat roof, a system of perforated pipes laid in the ground of the greenhouse and connected by a transverse collector pipe connected to a vertical ventilation pipe with dampers, the other ends of the perforated pipes being brought out into the greenhouse, characterized in that the vegetarian has an oven - a wall with hoods that store heat energy, while the greenhouse is made of two parts and a product processing unit, separated from them by the furnace wall, heaters of the lower and upper tiers stoves, and the lower tier heaters are equipped with gate valves and connected to perforated pipes creating a microclimate and irrigation in the greenhouse, the upper tier heaters with doors and transoms are connected to the ventilation system, and the storage hoods are connected to each part of the greenhouse.

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