RU2638120C1 - Wind turbine plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: wind turbine plant has a rotor mounted in the housing made in the form of a centrifugal impeller with blades, and a wind trap comprising vertically oriented blades bent towards the wind flow and displaced relative to each other with successive overlap with formation of vertical air duct therebetween. The rotor is mounted on the wind trap and configured in communication with it. The rotor housing has outlet branch pipes, one end of each branch pipe communicates with inner part of the rotor housing, and the free end is directed into the air duct of the wind trap. The blades of the wind trap are provided with stiffening ribs arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with inclination towards the wind flow on the inner and outer sides of the blades. The rotor blades are fixed on the centrifugal impeller from the inner surface of the housing and directed along the chords of the rotor housing.

EFFECT: increased performance and efficiency of the plant for any duration, speed and direction of the wind.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wind engines, in particular to wind turbines, which can be used as an autonomous energy source, which allows to obtain environmentally friendly, safe and reliable power supply.

Known wind turbine installation from patent RU 2286477, containing a rotor located inside the housing with the possibility of rotation in it. The rotor consists of a shaft on which turbine blades of a radial type are mounted vertically around a circle at a predetermined distance from the center, which are connected to the shaft by means of brackets. The housing is stationary, made in the form of a guide apparatus, consisting of vertically arranged guide vanes, which are installed at an acute angle to the outer edge of the radial type turbine blades, which form external wind flow channels located tangentially to the inner circumference of the installation. The lower part of the rotor is made in the form of an axial turbine. Axial-type working blades are installed on the shaft, which are designed to work in the air stream leaving the guide vanes. Additional guide vanes are installed in the lower part of the body and are located radially inside the shell. The lower end of the rotor is supported by a fairing, which is rigidly bonded to the ends of the vanes of the guide vane. The upper part of the shell is fastened to the body, and the lower part is supported on the upper part of the hollow body on which the confuser is mounted. In the lower part of the hollow body air-supply windows are made.

Also known is a wind turbine installation from patent RU 2488019, containing a stator with upper and lower bases, interconnected by vertical guide vanes oriented inward. A rotor is provided in the stator, equipped with longitudinal blades. The rotor is made in the form of a hollow tapering up cone. The rotor blades are mounted on its outer surface and are oriented at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the rotor. In the inner cavity of the rotor, plate crosses are installed connecting the rotor with the upper and lower semi-axes of rotation. The lower base of the stator is configured to allow air to enter the rotor. The upper base of the stator has a conical part directed and tapering towards the lower base, and has an axial hole whose diameter is larger than the upper diameter of the rotor cone, with the formation of an annular gap between them. An additional impeller is installed on the upper semi-axis of the rotor, which extends into the conical part of the upper base of the stator. The lower axis of the rotor is mounted on the lower base of the stator. The upper axis is connected to the upper base by means of radial ribs mounted inside the conical part of the upper base.

However, such installations are not efficient enough because they do not provide for the reuse of residual energy from the wind flow coming out of the wind turbine.

The closest analogue is the rotor wind turbine from patent document KZ 24451, which contains a multi-cell scoop with cochle-shaped wind receiving channels with immovable vertical blades, a rotor with quadrangular blades located at an angle to the wind direction, fixed in the rotor structure from above and below. The wind, falling into the cochlear chambers formed by the blades located vertically at an angle to the direction of the wind, the upper roof and the lower floor of the scoop, passes through the open half of the scoop to the blades of the working side of the wind wheel (rotor), which are located at a certain angle of attack to the direction of the wind, rotor begins to rotate around its axis, through the frame of the rotor located inside the yurt-shaped steel body, which, in turn, is located inside the cochlea-shaped air intake. On the rotor blades there are bumpers with curved ends up, which create additional resistance to the wind, direct air up to the rarefaction to discharge through it into the atmosphere. At the inlet of the air intake channels, blinds are provided - fuses that protect the structure from adverse weather conditions of nature (hurricanes, whirlwinds, etc.).

The rotor in this design is installed in such a way that its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the incoming air stream. With this design, for optimal installation operation, the rotor size should be comparable to the size of the scoop, which, with a significant size of the wind turbine, leads to inoperability of the installation with strong gusts of wind, which is confirmed by the presence of shutters that are installed to stop the operation of the device in strong winds.

This design has low efficiency with strong gusts of wind due to the difficulty of balancing the rotor at such dimensions, which leads to vibration at high speeds of rotation of the rotor and its subsequent destruction under the action of centrifugal forces. In addition, the efficiency of such an installation during its operation is low due to the fact that the design does not provide for the reuse of residual energy coming from the wind turbine wind flow.

The scoop of a wind turbine, known from the closest analogue, is made with a flat, rectilinear surface, which is not aerodynamic, since in the event of a wind break, not parallel to the plane of the scoop, it will not be reflected in the direction of the wind turbine, which also reduces the efficiency of the installation. During operation of the installation, the wind flow entering the rotor interacts only with part of its upper surface, which does not ensure high efficiency of the installation.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the insufficient efficiency of known wind turbine plants.

The technical result of the claimed solution is to increase the efficiency of the installation for any duration, speed and direction of the wind.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the wind turbine installation includes a rotor installed in the casing, made in the form of a centrifugal impeller with blades, and a scoop containing vertically oriented blades curved towards the wind flow, displaced relative to each other with successive overlapping of each other with the formation of a vertical the duct, the rotor mounted on a scoop and made communicating with it, the rotor housing contains outlet pipes, one end of each of which communicates with the inner part of the rotor casing, and the free end is directed into the scoop duct, stiffeners are made on the scoop blades, located at an angle to the horizontal plane with a slope towards the wind flow on the inner and outer sides of the blades, the rotor blades are mounted on the centrifugal impeller from the inside the surface of the housing and directed along the chords of the rotor housing.

Due to the vertically oriented scoop blades curved towards the wind flow and installing them with offset relative to each other with successive overlapping of each other with the formation of a vertical duct during installation, the wind flow coming into the scoop is twisted - the tornado effect. Due to the placement of the rotor on the scoop and the execution of the rotor casing closed and connected to the scoop duct, a further flow of wind to the blades of the inner surface of the rotor is ensured. In this case, the wind flow interacts with the entire upper inner surface of the rotor, which increases the efficiency of the installation. Due to the presence of outlet pipes on the outer side of the rotor casing, one of whose ends communicate with the inner part of the rotor, and the free ends are directed into the scoop duct, the air flow entering the rotor is diverted back to the scoop, which leads to the reuse of the residual energy leaving the unit wind flow and, accordingly, to increase the efficiency of the installation at any duration and wind speed.

The outgoing air flow in the proposed installation without negative interaction with the blown installation of the wind is not thrown up with residual potential, but enters through the outlet pipes into the scoop duct for reuse, increasing efficiency. Thus, the energy of the wind flow is used to the maximum for rotation of the rotor blades even with the minimum size of the rotor relative to the scoop.

In the inventive design of a wind turbine installation, the rotor casing with a centrifugal impeller and outlet pipes is similar to the design of a centrifugal fan with a reverse action, in which the centrifugal impeller is driven not by an electric motor, but by an ascending rotating wind flow. The centrifugal impeller shaft is a rotor shaft connected to a generator. Since the speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal impeller is directly proportional to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the wind flow entering the scoop along its entire height to the cross-sectional area of the vertical duct, the speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal impeller is an order of magnitude higher than the speed of the wind flow entering the scoop. The blades connected by stiffeners, overlapped and forming a vertically oriented duct, collectively perform the function of a reducer in front of the generator instead of a typical reducer connecting the rotor to the generator, as in the closest analogue.

The absence of the need to run the rotor along the entire installation height simplifies the design of the wind turbine installation, increases its reliability and operability in any wind due to the minimum dimensions of the centrifugal impeller balanced in the factory, relative to the dimensions of the wind turbine installation as a whole. The performance of a wind turbine installation is determined by the ratio of the height of the scoops and the diameter of the vertical duct. Since minimization of the diameter is limited by the arising friction forces of the air flow, the span of the scoop can be limited by the lack of free area.

The main way to increase productivity is to increase the height of the wind turbine installation while maintaining stability and structural strength, which is ensured by the duration of the overlap of the blades on each other and the length of the pair of stiffeners with the blades.

In contrast to the closest analogue, in which the wind speed is transformed into the rotation speed of the generator by means of a rotor having a height equal to the height of the wind turbine, a kinematic chain with gears that increase the rotation speed of the generator and complicate the design, in the inventive design of the wind turbine installation, the generator rotor is directly connected to the rotor of a wind turbine installation in the form of a centrifugal impeller, the dimensions of which are minimal relative to the casing of a wind turbine installation without an intermediate kinematic rotation transmission scheme. Thanks to the inventive design, which increases the speed of the wind flow by an order of magnitude, interacting with the centrifugal impeller with respect to the wind speed, blowing the wind turbine installation, the latter is operable in low winds, including by returning the spent wind flow back to the wind turbine installation.

Minimizing the size and mass of the rotor with blades, made in the form of a centrifugal impeller, limited only by the friction force of the wind flow in a narrow vertical duct, ensures the operability of the wind turbine installation in any wind, because eliminates the occurrence of a destructive centrifugal force proportional to the mass and square of the radius of rotation.

A particular embodiment of the invention is illustrated using FIG. 1-5, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - general view of a wind turbine installation;

in FIG. 2 - vertical section of a wind turbine installation;

in FIG. 3 - section AA of a wind turbine installation;

in FIG. 4 - section BB of the wind turbine installation;

in FIG. 5 is a view G of a wind turbine installation.

In FIG. 1-5 positions 1-6 are indicated:

1 - rotor;

2 - case;

3 - outlet pipe;

4 - blade;

5 - stiffener;

6 - scapula.

In the particular case of a wind turbine installation with a vertical axis of rotation, it contains a rotor 1 made in the form of a centrifugal impeller located in the housing 2, provided with outlet pipes 3 tangential to its circumference and mounted on a scoop. The blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller are oriented along the chords of the housing 2 of the rotor 1 in a horizontal plane at an angle to its radii, made with the possibility of their rotation relative to the vertical axis. The scoop consists of vertical blades 4, overlapped with the formation of a single vertical slotted duct with stiffeners 5, located at an angle to the horizontal plane with a slope towards the wind flow on the inner and outer sides of the blades 4. Outlets 3 made along the tangent of the rotor housing 2 1, displayed in the direction of the scoop. The blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller are extended to the axis of rotation of the centrifugal impeller with a smooth change from the vertical of its surface to the right angle to continue the trajectory of the stiffening ribs 5 of the scoop.

The ratio of the dimensions of the chimneys: diameter to height can visually serve as an analogue of the ratio of the dimensions of the dimensions of a wind turbine installation.

An example of a wind turbine installation for individual use is a structure with a height of about 10 m, a diameter of the central part of the duct 0.4 m with a maximum scoop span of 1.5 m with six blades 4 and six outlet pipes 3 with a maximum clearance for the incoming wind flow into the scoop 0, 5 m over its entire height and a wind speed of 1 m / s at the entrance to the scoop.

In this case, the estimated speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal impeller is calculated as follows:

V = 1 m / s⋅ (0.5 m⋅10 m) ÷ (3.14⋅0.4 m⋅0.4 m ÷ 4) = 5 ÷ 0.1256 m / s≈40 m / s.

Taking into account friction losses and changing the trajectory of the wind flow in a wind turbine installation, its speed of action on the centrifugal impeller is an order of magnitude higher than the speed at the entrance to the scoop.

In the inventive wind turbine installation, the curved planes of the blades 4 can be made in the form of lattice frames of rectangular pipes, sheathed on both sides with translucent materials, for example, based on polycarbonate, in order to enhance traction in the vertical duct, due to the pressure difference in height due to heating air in sunny weather. This design with continuous re-direction of the exhaust air flow into the sinuses of the scoop, formed by the blades 4, contributes to the continuous accumulation of energy of the resulting wind flow in a wind turbine installation, which also contributes to increased efficiency in low-wind weather.

In order to increase efficiency, it is possible to install flexible solar panels on the inner concave surface of the blades 4.

The stiffening ribs 5 are curved along the length in such a way that the angle of their inclination towards the wind tends to zero to the horizontal, and the angle of inclination α of the end of the rib at the interface with the vertical duct is determined in the range of 60 ° ≤ α ≤ 90 ° to the horizontal with the aim twisting the wind flow in a vertical duct. The stiffening ribs 5 are made of sheet metal with a flanging along the length on both sides and are assembled with neighboring ones by threaded connections through the flanges and the frame of the blades 4, forming from the latter a rigid structure fixed at the top of the wind turbine unit with a common flange of the fixed body 2 of the centrifugal impeller, and the bottom of the blades 4 fixed to the concrete foundation with anchor bolts.

The upper corner of the protruding part of the blade 6 in the direction of the axis of rotation is bent along its diagonal to continue the trajectory of the installation of stiffeners 5.

The number of blades 4 is limited only by the area of the installation site of the wind turbine installation due to the need to increase the diameter of the vertical duct and the radius of the span of the scoop in order to maintain clearance between the blades 4 for the passage of the wind flow.

The number of outlet pipes 3 corresponds to the number of blades 4 or less by a multiple of times.

In the particular case of the implementation of the blades 6 of the rotor 1 can be mounted on a centrifugal impeller from the side of the inner surface of the housing 2 along the chords of the housing 2 of the rotor 1 in a horizontal plane.

Each scoop blade 4 is fixedly mounted and can be a part of the side surface of a cylinder with a variable rolling radius, for example, a half cylinder, a 1/3 segment of a cylinder, or a segment of a 1/4 cylinder.

The blades 4 are made streamlined aerodynamic shape and are installed at an equal distance from each other. On the blades 4 of the scoop, stiffeners 5 can be made located at an angle to the horizontal plane with a slope towards the wind flow. The stiffening ribs 5 can be performed on the inner and / or on the outer sides of the blades 1, which further increases the rigidity and aerodynamics of the device, increasing the efficiency of the installation. The blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller can be extended to the axis of its rotation with a smooth change from the vertical of its surface to a right angle, to continue the trajectory of the stiffeners 5.

The housing 2 of the rotor 1 contains a wall and a top cover to prevent negative interaction of the blown wind and the loss of wind energy potential. The lower part of the housing 1 is made open so that the housing 1 is in communication with the duct.

The device operates as follows.

When a gust of wind hits a scoop with inclined stiffeners 5, an upward flow of air is formed, passing along the swirling path of the vertical duct to the blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller of the rotor 1, which are located at an angle to the direction of the wind flow. The vertical sections of the blades 6 are affected by overpressure of the upward air flow, which leads to their rotation relative to the vertical axis of the rotor 1. Next, the air flow enters the outlet pipes 3, passing through which it enters the scoop without braking from the headwind.

The proposed design of a wind turbine installation is efficient and energy efficient for any duration and speed of the wind, provides a significant reduction in electricity costs when using it.

The principle of operation of the inventive wind turbine installation can be used to release moisture from the air - the causes of pressure and temperature drops during accelerated movement of air inside a vertical duct, as well as for cooling hot water in cooling towers.

Claims (1)

A wind turbine installation, characterized in that it comprises a rotor installed in the housing, made in the form of a centrifugal impeller with blades, and a scoop containing vertically oriented blades curved towards the wind flow, displaced relative to each other with sequential overlapping of each other with the formation of a vertical duct between them, the rotor is mounted on a scoop and made communicating with it, the rotor housing contains outlet pipes, one end of each of which communicates with the torsion part of the rotor casing, and the free end is directed into the scoop duct, stiffeners are made on the scoop blades located at an angle to the horizontal plane with a slope towards the wind flow on the inner and outer sides of the blades, the rotor blades are mounted on a centrifugal impeller from the side of the casing’s inner surface and directed along the chords of the rotor housing.

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