RU2631449C1 - Prefabricated reinforced concrete staircase (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: reinforced concrete staircase contains L-shaped steps successively installed with the support of the riser of the upper step to the tread of the lower step and connected to each other by means of welding embedded parts. The solution substance lies in the fact that the embedded parts of the steps include plates placed at the butts, each of which is made with the possibility of connecting by its upper face to the lower face of the plate of the upper step and the by its lower face - to the upper face of the plate of the lower step. According to the first versiont, the embedded plates are arranged at both butts of the staircase steps. According to the second version, the embedded plates are arranged at one butt of the steps, while projecting anchor rods designed to be connected to the wall are arranged at their second butt.

EFFECT: after joining the embedded plates of the steps along the side of thestaircase, an all-welded metal skirt rigidly fixed in the concrete bodies of the steps is formed, which provides the required stiffness and reliability of the staircase structure and at the same time allows to make the staircase construction significantly more lightweight, to simplify the installation work, and to exclude the need for lifting equipment.

4 cl, 12 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of ground construction, namely to staircases assembled from individual reinforced concrete elements.

State of the art

The most widespread in mass construction staircases assembled from prefabricated blocks: flights of stairs and walkways (see patent RU 124283 U1, IPC: E04F 11/00, publ. 01/20/2013; patent US 8910434, IPC: E04F 11/02 , published on December 16, 2014). However, such structural elements are bulky and have a lot of weight, which leads to the need to use for their delivery and installation of special vehicles and lifting equipment.

The use of separate steps for the formation of reinforced concrete staircases can significantly simplify the processes of transportation and installation.

Known stairs containing steps of reinforced concrete, made with side walls protruding up and down from the surface of the tread (see patent RU 23311 U1, IPC: E06C 1/00, publ. 10.06.2002). The steps are sequentially mounted on top of one another with the support of the lower part of the side walls of the upper stage on the upper part of the side walls of the lower stage and are interconnected by brackets, bolts, welding or other known method. The disadvantages of this design include the complex shape of the steps, requiring the use of special equipment in the manufacture, high demands on the accuracy of the form.

Known staircase containing stone (concrete) steps in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, sequentially mounted with support on one another (see patent DE 20016658 U1, IPC: E04C 1/00, publ. 02.14.2002). The mentioned steps are quite massive and at the same time are not connected to each other at all, they are simply laid on the prepared soil surface. Such a design can only be used in landscape construction.

A staircase is known, consisting of separate stone steps, pinched in the wall of the building at one end and connected to the adjacent steps by the other end with rods, each of which is passed sequentially: through the hole of the downstream step, the spacer sleeve and the hole of the upstream step (see patent FR 2317442, IPC : E04F 11/022, publ. 02/04/1977).

Such bolt joints make high demands on the accuracy and density of detachable joints, which is quite difficult to perform in concrete steps, unlike stone or wood. In addition, the marginal (end) bearing supports the fact that the steps bend in the middle part and “spring” a little, which is often not pleasant to the consumer.

As the closest in the presence of similar essential features analogue for both variants of the claimed ladder, the design disclosed in US patent US 4995205, IPC: E04F 19/10, publ. 02/26/91

According to the aforementioned patent, the staircase structure comprises a plurality of L-shaped concrete steps in which the horizontal shelf forms a tread and the vertical shelf is a riser. The steps are sequentially installed with the support of the riser of the upper step on the tread of the lower step and are interconnected, according to one of the options, by welding embedded parts.

Reliability and high rigidity of the staircase structure in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 4,995,205 is ensured by the fact that all the steps are laid on inclined beams, which are braces supporting the steps from below, and are connected to them by means of embedded parts. However, the presence of such load-bearing beams significantly complicates the design of the stairs, determines its material consumption, and leads to the need for lifting equipment for transportation and installation.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is the creation of a simple and easy staircase design while maintaining its high bearing capacity and reliability.

Disclosure of invention

According to the first embodiment of the proposed technical solution, the aforementioned problem is solved due to the fact that in a precast concrete staircase containing L-shaped steps, successively mounted with the support of the riser of the upper step on the tread of the lower step and interconnected by welding embedded parts, according to the claimed invention, embedded parts of each stage include plates placed at the ends of the stage, each of which is made with the possibility of connecting its own an edge with the lower edge of the plate of the upper stage and the lower edge with the upper edge of the plate of the lower stage.

According to the second embodiment of the proposed technical solution, the aforementioned problem is solved due to the fact that in a precast concrete staircase containing L-shaped steps, successively mounted with the support of the riser of the upper step on the tread of the lower step and interconnected by welding embedded parts, according to the claimed invention, embedded parts of each stage include a plate placed at one end of the stage, configured to connect its upper face th plate from the bottom face of the upper stage and the lower face - with an upper face plate downstream stage, and a second end projecting from the anchor rods intended for the wall connection.

Plates placed at the ends of the steps are anchored in the concrete body of the step by means of anchors welded to them - rods made of reinforcing steel, which, if necessary, can be connected to the internal reinforcement of the step or supplemented with transverse rod elements for greater reliability of fastening.

The embedded plates located at the ends (end) mainly have a shape that repeats the L-shaped cross section of the step, and are installed with the upper face placed at the same level with the tread surface and the lower one at the lower edge of the riser. In fact, they cover the end surfaces of the steps from the outside.

The original design of the embedded parts of the steps and their connection with each other, significantly different from the closest analogue, allows embedded parts to combine the functions of the connecting elements and load-bearing beams.

The technical result achieved is that after connecting the embedded plates of the steps along the side of the stairs (one for the second option or both for the first option), an all-welded metal braid is formed that is rigidly fixed in the concrete bodies of the steps, which provides the required rigidity and reliability of the staircase structure without the use of separate support beams. In this case, the exclusion of individual supporting beams can significantly facilitate the design of the stairs, simplify installation work, eliminate the need for lifting equipment.

The presence of metal kosour at the ends of the stairs provides the possibility of simple and rigid fastening of walling.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - proposed staircase, general view, isometric view;

in FIG. 2 - step stairs, made according to the first embodiment, isometry;

in FIG. 3 is a view A of FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 is a view B of FIG. 2;

in FIG. 5 - embedded plate, general view, isometry;

in FIG. 6 - step stairs, made according to the second option, isometry;

in FIG. 7 is a view C of FIG. 6;

in FIG. 8 is a view D of FIG. 6;

in FIG. 9-12 are examples of different types of stairs, based on the proposed design.

The implementation of the invention

The precast reinforced concrete staircase (see Fig. 1) contains an L-shaped stage 1 of reinforced concrete, successively mounted one on top of the other with the riser 2 on the tread 3 of the lower stage and connected to each other by welding embedded parts - plates 4 (hereinafter embedded plates) located at the ends of steps 1.

The proposed staircase construction involves the use of two types of steps. The steps of the first type (see Fig. 2-4) are characterized by the placement of embedded plates 4 at both ends. Such steps are used to create stairs in the absence of load-bearing walls.

The steps of the second type (see Fig. 6-8) are characterized by the presence of a embedded plate 4 at only one end and the presence on the other end of the protruding anchor rods 5, intended for connection with the wall of the building.

The embedded plates 4 (see Fig. 5) consist of a flat element 6 made of sheet or strip steel, and anchor rods 7 located mainly perpendicular to the element 7 and serving for its reliable fixation in the concrete body of the stage. For greater reliability of fixation at the ends of the rods 7 can be fixed transverse elements 8.

In the examples given, the shape of the embedded plate 4 (more precisely, of its flat element 6) corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the step 1, its upper face is located at the same level with the surface of the tread 3, and the lower face is at the level of the lower edge of the riser 2. The mentioned shape is preferred, however, this does not limit the possibility of other performance of embedded plates. It is important that contact between the plates of adjacent steps is ensured after they are installed.

The embedded plates 4 can be additionally provided with stiffeners, for example, made in the form of edge bends directed into the body of the step.

The formation of steps 1 includes the installation of embedded parts in the formwork (form) and the subsequent pouring of concrete mixture, which is performed by known methods.

Embedded parts 4 and 5 can be additionally connected to the internal reinforcement of the stage.

As anchor rods 5 can be used releases of the internal reinforcement of the stage.

Finished steps 1 are delivered to the installation site by conventional transport. The installation of steps can be carried out by two specialists without the use of lifting equipment.

The proposed technical solution allows you to create stairs that rely on the walls of the stairwell, for example, marching U-shaped (see Fig. 9) and L-shaped (see Fig. 10) stairs with a running section, right-handed and left-handed.

In such constructions, ordinary 9 and downstream 10 steps are used, made according to the second embodiment, having a embedded plate 4 at one end and anchor rods 5 at the second.

The steps located on the straight sections of the stairs are called ordinary. The crossing steps 10 form curved sections of the stairs due to the fact that their inner end is already outer.

Installation of such stairs begins with marking and the formation of holes in the walls in accordance with the scheme, marking is performed using templates. The first stage is installed on the floor of the lower floor, placing the ends of the rods 5 in the holes of the wall, partially filled with adhesive. Check the level of the horizontal position of the tread and the vertical position of the riser. Install the next stage with the support of its riser 2 on the tread 3 of the first stage. Temporary supports are used to support the steps. Check the position of the steps, and then perform the welding of the embedded plates 4. Similarly, install all the steps, check their position and carefully weld the embedded plates 4 of all stages. After welding, finish finishing is performed.

After connecting the embedded plates 4 along one side of the stairs, an all-welded metal braid is formed, fixed in the concrete of the steps. On the other hand, the steps are fixed relative to the wall due to the anchor rods 5 monolithic in the wall openings.

The steps made in accordance with the first embodiment make it possible to produce completely self-supporting structures (see Fig. 11), in which the stairs are fastened only to platforms 11 and 12 of the upper and lower floors, respectively.

The installation of steps in this case is carried out similarly to the above example, sequentially from the bottom up, using temporary supports. After checking the horizontal and vertical positions of each step, the embedded plates 4 are welded. After the stairs are assembled and the steps are checked, repeated thorough welding of the seams and finishing are carried out, after which temporary supports are removed.

In this case, after connecting the embedded plates 4, on all sides of the staircase, all-welded metal braces are formed, fixed in the concrete bodies of the steps (see Fig. 1).

In all examples, metal all-welded braids rigidly connect all the steps of the staircase and provide a sufficiently high reliability of the structure. At the same time, the design does not have separate supporting beams, which greatly facilitates it, simplifies installation work, and eliminates the need for complex lifting equipment.

The l-shaped cross section of the steps also contributes to low material consumption and ease of staircase construction.

Metal braids can be used to secure metal fencing elements.

In FIG. 12 shows the design of the staircase, consisting of two parts made in accordance with the first and second proposed options, in which steps of both types are used: with one-sided and two-sided placement of embedded plates 4.

The proposed stairs can be installed both inside the building and outside.

Thanks to the use of concrete steps, the proposed ladder has increased wear resistance for everyday use.

It is possible to use the proposed technical solution for creating spiral staircases (not shown in the drawings).

In cases of the formation of U-shaped and L-shaped staircases in the conditions of complete absence of supporting walls, support columns are additionally installed at the corners of the structure.

In the process of forming the stairs, the height of the step can be easily reduced by cutting the riser or increased by increasing the gap between the steps during installation, which allows you to "fit" the dimensions of the stairs to the dimensions of the opening.

The given examples are illustrative and are intended for a better understanding of the essence of the proposed technical solution, while other examples of its use may be obvious to practitioners in this field.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution:

- simplicity of construction and low weight compared to traditionally used marching stairs and stairs on concrete slopes,

- high rigidity

- ease of installation, carried out by two specialists, and the lack of need for lifting mechanisms,

- the possibility of using under most stairwells designed by modern design organizations,

- the ability to "fit" the individual steps according to the height of the lift and the width of the march,

- the ability to use immediately after installation,

- low cost.

Claims (4)

1. A precast concrete staircase containing L-shaped steps, sequentially mounted with the support of the riser of the upper step on the tread of the lower step and interconnected by welding embedded parts, characterized in that the embedded parts of each step include plates located at the ends of the stage, each of which are made with the possibility of connecting their upper face with the lower face of the plate above the stage and the lower face with the upper face of the plate below ennoy stage. 2. The ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates are made with a shape that repeats the shape of the cross section of the step and are installed with the upper face placed at the same level with the tread surface and the lower one at the level of the lower edge of the riser. 3. A precast concrete staircase containing L-shaped steps, sequentially mounted with the support of the riser of the upper step on the tread of the lower step and interconnected by welding embedded parts, characterized in that the embedded parts of each step include a plate placed on one end of the stage, made with the possibility of connecting its upper edge with the lower edge of the plate of the upstream step and the lower edge with the upper edge of the plate of the lower step Yeni, and anchor rods protruding from the second end, designed to be connected to the wall. 4. The ladder according to claim 3, characterized in that the plates are made with a shape that repeats the shape of the cross section of the step and are installed with the upper face placed at the same level with the tread surface and the lower one at the lower edge of the riser.

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