RU2629534C1 - Phased array antenna with adaptable polarization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: monolithic-integrated antenna module of the millimeter range contains the plurality of antenna elements, the radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and the power circuit. Each of the mentioned antenna elements is the antenna element of the dual type, configured to initiate two modes of orthogonal polarization. The power circuit is configured to connect the ports of the mentioned RFIC to each of the dual type antenna elements to initiate two different polarization modes and beam forming.

EFFECT: provision of the high amplification factor at small sizes and efficient use of the mobile device surface.

16 cl, 13 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses the construction of a phased antenna array, more specifically, an adaptable polarized phased antenna array, and its integration into mobile devices.

This antenna can be used in devices that support wireless local area networks, such as WiGig IEEE 802.11ad, WiHD, and 4G, 5G mobile networks.

BACKGROUND

The 5G era will be characterized by higher performance indicators based on experience in use, including factors such as the convenience of establishing connections with nearby devices and increased energy efficiency [1]. For radio access technologies operating in the millimeter frequency range, many fundamental problems in the physics of antenna arrays and the design of a high-speed transceiver and equalizer design have already been demonstrated by the WiGig / 802.11ad standard [2]. When changing the position of the device, beam scanning should provide a stable communication channel [3].

The main tasks for integration in the millimeter range remain cost, low-power operation, miniaturization and increased efficiency. These factors lead to the development of antennas as part of the housing of a mobile device. The following requirements are imposed on mobile phased array antennas:

1. Increased gain due to the high noise figure of the radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and high propagation loss.

2. Omnidirectional action: very wide angles of beam formation and beam scanning, which provide a stable connection for a device in which such an antenna is used.

3. The compactness of the antenna module.

4. Bipolar beam forming to increase speed and increase data transmission stability.

Known bipolarization antenna arrays can be divided into the following categories:

1. Mutually adjacent radiating elements or sublattices, the disadvantage of which is the large distance between the lattice elements, which limits the scanning range and doubles their overall dimensions, i.e. they cannot be used on mobile devices.

2. Resonator antennas with two modes, which have limitations on the characteristics of the resonant frequency, and as a result, a limited frequency band and parameters depending on the metal or dielectric parts of the smartphone.

Existing problems of bipolarization antenna arrays:

1. Integration of the antenna into the metal or dielectric structures of the device causes a depolarization of the beam formation and a decrease in the antenna gain, as a result of which the communication range and data transfer rate are limited, and stable communication is impossible to achieve.

2. Existing millimeter-wave antenna designs have tight manufacturing tolerances and, as a result, an expensive manufacturing process.

3. A high level of cross-polarization, as a result of which beam formation with adaptable polarization or communication technology using MIMO or orbital angular momentum is not supported.

Therefore, the present invention is directed to the creation of a method and variants of a millimeter-wave antenna for integration into a mobile device having a metal or any other frame. Such antennas need mechanical isolation from environmental factors and mechanical stresses. Also at a known level there is a need for methods to satisfy the requirements for tolerances and resistance to loads.

In particular, the following technical solutions are known in the prior art:

U.S. Patent 6426726 "Polyarizovannaya phased reshetka" (Northrop Grumman Corporation) discloses a dual-polarization phased array antenna with single-axis scanning, which comprises a predetermined number of mutually adjacent radiating lines forming the respective azimuthal scanning beams, wherein each radiating lines used dielectric plate with low losses. This plate assembly acts as a lens for correcting a spherical wave caused by low excitation into a plane wave within the line.

This solution has the following disadvantages:

1. Limited scanning angle due to the use of a focusing lens.

2. Incompatibility with the metal frame of the mobile device.

3. The inability to integrate into a mobile device due to the large distance between the elements of the lattice (half the wavelength in free space).

U.S. Patent No. 8836596, “Filter Antenna” (Cubic Corporation), describes a multi-pole filter antenna comprising lower type surround resonators coupled to a line through a slit aperture and a strip antenna with an excited main wave type coupled to the line through a slit aperture. The filter antenna can be implemented in a multilayer printed circuit board or similar structure.

This solution has the following disadvantages:

1. Limited scanning angle due to the use of strip elements.

2. Parts of the metal frame destructively affect the resonant properties. The resonance of the antenna is determined by the strip element with the excited main type of wave associated with the line through the slotted aperture, and technological tolerances have a critical effect.

3. The inability to integrate into a mobile device due to the large distance between the elements of the lattice, the lack of support for the axial radiation mode.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the present invention is to solve or minimize all or at least some of the above problems of the prior art.

In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a monolithic integrated millimeter-wave antenna module, comprising: a plurality of antenna elements, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and a power circuit; in which each of the aforementioned antenna elements is a dual type antenna element, configured to excite two modes of orthogonal polarization; and the power circuit is configured to connect the ports of the aforementioned RFIC to each of the dual-type antenna elements to excite two different polarization and beamforming modes.

In one embodiment, each dual type antenna element includes a traveling wave antenna configured as part of an aperture type antenna.

In one embodiment, each dual-type antenna element is formed by an aperture of a waveguide slot antenna with a variable slit width on wide sides of the waveguide, the aperture of the waveguide antenna exciting polarized radiation and slots of variable width exciting orthogonally polarized traveling wave radiation.

In one embodiment, said plurality of dual antenna elements are configured to provide beamforming with polarization adaptation.

In one embodiment, said beam forming with polarization adaptation is carried out by means of a phase-controlled power supply of said dual type antenna elements.

In one embodiment, the antenna module is manufactured using LTCC, PCB, or other technology for producing multilayer monolithic structures based on multilayer conductive and dielectric materials.

In one embodiment, the power circuit has a multi-tiered topology of power lines for said antenna elements.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for wireless communication, comprising a monolithically integrated millimeter-wave antenna module and a housing, comprising: conductive structures with at least one aperture for matching the antenna module with external space; moreover, a monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range contains: a plurality of antenna elements of the double type; radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and power circuit; each of the aforementioned antenna elements is a dual type antenna element, configured to excite two modes of orthogonal polarization; the power circuit is configured to connect RFIC ports to each of the dual-type antenna elements to excite two different polarization and beamforming modes; the millimeter-wave antenna module is isolated from the free space by the housing, the electromagnetic field is radiated into the free space through the conductive structures of the housing.

In one embodiment, the housing further comprises a chassis for mounting a millimeter-range antenna module.

In one embodiment, the antenna module is conformally integrated with the device.

In one embodiment, the housing further comprises a metal frame, and the antenna elements are connected to the free space through the traveling wave structure of the metal frame.

In one embodiment, the antenna module operates in more than one beamforming mode.

In one embodiment, the antenna module has the following beamforming modes: antenna array mode, traveling wave mode, mixed mode.

In one embodiment, the antenna elements are made in the form of radiating planar waveguide resonators, the housing further comprises a metal frame, and a metal frame connects the planar waveguide resonators to the free space.

In one embodiment, the antenna elements are made in the form of radiating planar waveguide resonators, the housing further comprises a metal frame, and plastic is inserted into the resonator on the outside of the metal frame.

In one embodiment, one side of the plastic-filled waveguide is open in free space.

(мкм). При этом бегущая волна неизбежно распространяется через поверхность мобильного устройства [4]. Следовательно, антенны вытекающей волны весьма эффективны для мобильных применений миллиметрового диапазона: они обеспечивают высокий коэффициент усиления при физически коротких размерах и при этом эффективно используют поверхность мобильного устройства.The present invention is directed to adaptive polarized millimeter-wave antennas for mobile devices with a plastic or metal frame. The stability of the antenna’s performance is increased due to the accuracy of the formation of the array of waveguide exciters in the PCB and the flexible connection of these waveguide exciters with non-resonant radiating apertures of the mobile device. In a typical example, the thickness of the plastic and metal elements separating the antenna from the free space exceeds

(microns). In this case, a traveling wave inevitably propagates through the surface of a mobile device [4]. Consequently, leaky-wave antennas are highly effective for mobile millimeter-wave applications: they provide high gain with physically short sizes and effectively use the surface of a mobile device.

According to the present invention, the apertures of the antenna elements for vertical polarization form the traveling wave antenna elements for horizontal polarization. The bipolar antenna array feeds the traveling wave structures that form the radiating apertures on the surfaces of the mobile device.

Leak wave antennas with dielectric and metal reflex gratings have been extensively studied in the past. It is known that the simultaneous achievement of a wide frequency band and maintaining beam formation with a frequency-independent deflection angle remains a challenge for leaky wave antennas [5]. The document [6] proposed a broadband low-protruding surface wave pathogen that provides power to the radiation surface of the leaky wave. However, a lattice of waveguide pathogens has not yet been developed for phase-controlled beam forming, which would share the same surface of the leaky wave.

The present invention has the following differences from the prior art:

The new design of the dual-type antenna: a horizontally polarized traveling wave antenna is made as part of a vertically polarized aperture-type antenna (the combination of a traveling wave antenna and an aperture antenna in the same aperture was not previously known).

A bipolar phase-controlled antenna array of a leaky wave has more than one beamforming mode: antenna array mode, traveling wave mode, mixed mode (phase-controlled antennas operating in more than one mode are not known).

An implementation of an antenna array connected to the dielectric and / or metal structure of a mobile device.

The proposed phased antenna array has an adaptable polarization, operates at millimeter wave frequencies and provides beamforming with vertical and horizontal polarizations in mobile devices.

The elements of the double antenna array are based on aperture radiation and traveling wave radiation. Each antenna element has a traveling wave emission structure formed as part of the aperture radiation structure.

The independent formation of various types of radiation (traveling wave and aperture) in the same antenna element provides control of beam formation with bipolar radiation. Each of the two polarizations is formed by the corresponding type of radiation. In an example embodiment of the invention, vertically polarized radiation is formed by the aperture radiation structure, and horizontally polarized radiation is generated by traveling wave type radiation.

The invention allows to solve the following problems for a mobile device with a millimeter-wave communication module:

- Phase-controlled omnidirectional bipolar beam formation.

- The minimum space occupied by elements of the antenna array with adaptable polarization.

- The millimeter-wave antenna array has a simple design and is built into conductive surfaces, which is potentially useful for conformal integration with a mobile device.

- The millimeter-wave antenna can be integrated into a mobile phone with a metal frame due to the proposed design.

- Mechanical isolation of antennas from environmental factors and mechanical stresses, since the antenna is hidden in the metal frame of the mobile device’s casing.

- The millimeter-wave antenna meets the requirements for tolerances and resistance to loads.

- High isolation of antenna power lines with orthogonal polarizations.

The technical result of the present invention is the formation of a beam with the adaptation of polarization for stable communication in any direction and orientation of the device with the antenna module, hidden in the device.

The proposed antenna module is designed for all types of communication devices. Examples of options for mobile devices are proposed and can be expanded to any other device without going beyond the scope of the idea and essence of the present invention.

The proposed integration of a phased array antenna into a mobile device is based on a radiating resonator connected to a phase-controlled array of antenna elements. The resonator forms a leaky wave structure within the frame of the mobile device. This configuration forms an aperture of fast wave radiation on the surface of the mobile device. A phase-controlled array allows you to create a radiation pattern with adaptive polarization with a hemispherical coating. Frequency spread is reduced by using quasi-uniform structures of the leaky wave with quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes (TEM), or transverse electric modes (TE), or transverse magnetic modes (TM), far from the critical frequency. An exhaustive parametric model based on the theory of leaky-wave antennas has been developed to explain the operation of the proposed antenna and determine the basic principles of its design.

A preferred embodiment of a dual array antenna array inside the metal frame of a mobile device comprises a plurality of traveling wave antennas made as part of the waveguide structure: a dielectric is inserted into the resonator on the outside of the metal frame. One side of the dielectric-filled waveguide is open into free space.

The structures of the metal frame are illuminated from the rear flat side, thereby separating the antenna elements from the radiating aperture. In this case, the displacement of the antenna elements relative to the structures of the metal frame does not degrade the parameters of the antenna. This technology provides the claimed technical result.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates an example structure of a dual type antenna element.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross section of the structure of a dual type antenna element.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example embodiment of a bipolarization array antenna for polarized beam forming.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example embodiment of a bipolar antenna array for beam forming with polarization diversity, an embodiment of conductive walls using an end-to-end connection in a PCB.

FIG. 2C illustrates an example embodiment of a monolithically integrated bipolarisation antenna.

FIG. 3 illustrates a monolithic integrated millimeter-wave antenna module.

FIG. 4 illustrates the relationship of power lines within a multi-tiered structure of an antenna module.

FIG. 5 illustrates the drive lines of a dual-type antenna element in two different polarization modes.

FIG. 6A illustrates an example arrangement of an antenna array module, top layer.

FIG. 6B illustrates an example arrangement of an antenna array module, bottom layer.

FIG. 6C illustrates an example of the arrangement of an RFIC on an antenna array module.

FIG. 7A-7B illustrate an example arrangement of power lines of an antenna array.

FIG. 8A illustrates isolation between adjacent traveling wave emission structures.

FIG. 8B illustrates impedance matching for a dual type antenna element.

FIG. 9 illustrates the geometric shape and location of a bipolar antenna array within a mobile device.

FIG. 10A illustrates the integration of a bipolar conformal antenna array with a metal frame of a mobile device.

FIG. 10B illustrates the installation of a bipolar conformal antenna array in a corner of a mobile device.

FIG. 10C illustrates the installation of a bipolar conformal antenna array in the corner of a mobile device with a plastic case.

FIG. 11A illustrates the structure of a bipolar polarized leaky wave antenna.

FIG. 11B illustrates a configuration of a partially reflective surface.

FIG. 12A illustrates a field distribution of a bipolar antenna of an outgoing wave, a vertical polarization mode.

FIG. 12B illustrates the field distribution of a bipolar antenna of a leaky wave, horizontal polarization mode.

FIG. 13 illustrates radiation patterns of a bipolar antenna of a leaky wave.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The structure of the antenna elements of the double type is based on aperture radiation and radiation of a traveling wave. Each antenna element has a traveling wave emission structure formed as part of the aperture radiation structure. FIG. 1A illustrates an example of the structure of a dual-type antenna element 100 based on a rectangular waveguide having slit lines with an exponential profile on wide walls. Vertically polarized radiation is formed by the aperture radiation structure 106. In some embodiments, the aperture radiation structure 106 is constructed based on a rectangular waveguide supporting the TE10 wave type. Vertically polarized waves are emitted by the aperture of a rectangular waveguide matched to the free space by means of a metal dielectric element 108 for impedance conversion.

A horizontally polarized wave is emitted by the traveling wave radiation structure 101. In some embodiments, the traveling wave radiation pattern 101 is constructed based on symmetric non-radiating slit lines made on wide sides of the waveguide. The supply strip line is laid from a narrow wall to a rectangular waveguide to power the slot line.

In an example embodiment, the properties of broadband impedance matching are achieved by the following means:

- Slit profile of variable width to convert the impedance of a horizontally polarized wave.

- Metal-dielectric element made to convert the impedance of a vertically polarized wave.

- Passive matching elements located at the end of the antenna element 100 of the double type.

In an example embodiment, the decoupling of the aperture radiation structure 106 and the traveling wave radiation structure 101 is carried out by the following means:

- The wave of type TE10 is not connected with the strip line, since the strip line is located on the line of geometric symmetry and is perpendicular to the electric field of the wave of type TE10.

- The structure 101 of the radiation of a traveling wave is made in the form of symmetric non-radiating slot lines in the center of the wide sides of the waveguide.

In some embodiments, the dual-type antenna element 100 is made on a printed circuit board (PCB), in other embodiments, on monolithically integrated substrates, and in other embodiments, using molded plastic with etched conductive elements on it.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross section of the structure of the dual type antenna element 100 of FIG. 1A, where the distributed electric field vectors 111 are located between the strip line 105 of the slit coupler and the metal elements of the aperture radiation structure 106. Electromagnetic waves of the horizontal polarization mode are emitted by a slit line. The slit coupler strip line 105 induces currents on the slit line of the traveling wave radiation structure 101. The electromagnetic waves 113 and 114 of the vertical polarization mode are formed by a rectangular waveguide port. The electromagnetic waves 113 and 114 propagating through the gap structure are quasi-TE10 waves.

STRUCTURE OF TWO-POLARIZATION ANTENNA ARRAY FOR FORMING A BEAM WITH POLARIZATION DISTANCE

The conceptual structure of the antenna element shown in FIG. 1, transformed into a practical structure optimized for its manufacture. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna array is made in the form of a monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range. Next, various embodiments of practical antenna structures will be described.

In FIG. 2 shows an example of a variant of the antenna elements 100 of the double type in the array. The traveling wave radiation pattern 101 is formed by a slot antenna 201 with a variable slit width. Horizontally polarized waves are emitted by a slot antenna 201 with a variable slit width powered by a strip line 105 of the slot coupler.

An example of a variant of a monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range is made using PCB , LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramics) or other technologies for the manufacture of monolithic multilayer structures using any dielectric materials. For clarity, an example of an antenna module implemented in PCB 110 will now be described. Similar structures are equally applicable to all other options without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Vertically polarized waves are emitted by the aperture radiation structure 106 formed by the horn antenna 202. The horn antenna 202 is formed of two conductive layers and two walls of the slot antenna 201 with a variable slot width. Elements of the auxiliary antenna 102 are located in the horn antenna 202 on the PCB. Each auxiliary antenna 102 in the horn antenna 202 forms an aperture radiation structure 106. These elements are fed by strip lines 104 made in PCB 110.

FIG. 2A illustrates a dual-type antenna element 100 including a traveling wave radiation structure 101 and vertically polarized auxiliary antenna elements 102, which feeds a strip line 104 for vertically polarized auxiliary antenna elements 102 and feeds a slotted coupler strip line 105 for horizontally polarized antenna elements. An inductor 103 is used to provide isolation between the slot antenna 201 with a variable slot width and the vertically polarized elements of the auxiliary antenna 102. Horizontally polarized waves are emitted by the elements of the slot antenna 201 with a variable slot width. These elements of the slot antenna 201 with a variable slit width are fed by the strip line 105 of the slot coupler provided in the PCB 110.

Another example of a variant element of a bipolar conformal antenna array is shown in FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C. Horizontally polarized radiation can be generated by a slot antenna 201 with a variable slit width with the following changes, which provide low reflection losses in a wide frequency band.

In some embodiments, the slotted coupler strip line 105 is shorted on the side surface of the slotted antenna 201 with a variable slot width. In other embodiments, the strip line 105 of the slotted coupler is open; an impedance matching transformer is connected to the end of the strip line.

In some embodiments, the matching loop forms a wave impedance matching structure 107 for horizontal polarization. It matches the slot antenna 201 with a variable slit width with free space in a wide frequency band. The vertical metal walls of the slotted antenna 201 with variable slit width in the PCB 110 are made of conductive posts 109 arranged as shown in FIG. 2C.

In some embodiments, decoupling of adjacent dual antenna elements 100 in the array is achieved using high impedance chokes 103. The length of the inductor 103 is 0.18λ and the width is 0.024λ. The chokes 103 are located symmetrically with the corresponding elements of the auxiliary antenna 102.

MONOLITHIC-INTEGRATED ANTENNA MODULE OF MILLIMETER RANGE

An example of a variant of a phase-controlled array of dual antenna elements 100 for integration into mobile devices will be based on a monolithic-integrated antenna module of 300 mm range. It contains a bipolar antenna array, power lines of vertically polarized antenna elements 401, power lines of horizontally polarized antenna elements 402, and power lines for power and communication lines 406 of RFIC 310.

FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-tiered structure of a monolithic integrated antenna module 300 mm range, containing:

- Conductive layers for the wide side of the antenna array, (L1-L5),

- Conductive layers for power lines of a horizontally polarized axial radiation antenna, (L5-L9),

- Conductive layers for power lines of a vertically polarized axial radiation antenna, (L9-L13),

- Conductive layers for power and data transmission lines RFIC, (L13-L17).

Power lines of horizontally and vertically polarized antennas are made in the form of strip lines. Conducting paths and grounding planes are separated by a dielectric 407 of the specified module. The width of the tracks and the height of the substrate are configured by stacking pairs of layers with minimal losses on the supply lines.

The proposed bipolarization array has antenna elements located with a high density, which is achieved by the structures of the elements of the double type (Fig. 1) and a multi-tier topology of power lines.

FIG. 4 illustrates a multi-tiered module structure 400 that is used for dual-type antenna elements 100. The power lines of vertically polarized antenna elements 401 are located on the layer L11 of the module 300 (see Fig. 3), the power lines of horizontally polarized antenna elements 402 are located on the layer L7. The power lines from the RFIC 310 contact layer 404 extend to the signal layers using an end-to-end connection 405. The signal layers form the strip line 105 of the slotted coupler of the traveling wave radiation pattern 101 and the strip lines 104 of the auxiliary antenna 102 in the horn antenna 202. Mutual isolation of adjacent signal layers is provided by the layers land 403.

The excitation of dual type antenna elements in two different polarization modes is provided by the power lines of vertically polarized antenna elements 401 and the power lines of horizontally polarized antenna elements 402 (Fig. 5). Some power lines for horizontally polarized antenna elements 402 are located in layer L11 of module 300 and extend into layers L7-L11 of antenna element through an end-to-end connection 408.

FIG. 6A, 6B, and 6C illustrate an exemplary arrangement of an antenna array module, including RFIC 310. Strip power lines 104 and strip lines 105 of a slot coupler are routed from outputs 304 of RFIC 310 to slot antenna 201 with variable slot width and horn antenna elements 202 (FIG. 7) . All these elements are made inside a monolithic-integrated antenna module of 300 mm range.

In an example embodiment, module 300 is manufactured using LTCC, PCB, or other technologies for manufacturing multilayer monolithic structures based on conductive and dielectric materials. A module 300 is located in the corner of the telephone 303. The module 300 has slotted structures 306 that form a traveling wave radiation structure 101. In an example embodiment, the area occupied by the RFIC 310 and the antenna array is 2.4λ × 3λ.

The RFIC 310 is located at a minimum distance from the slot antenna 201 with variable slit width and the auxiliary antenna 102 (Fig. 6C) to minimize power line losses in the strip line 105 of the slot coupler and strip line 104 that are routed from RFIC 310 to the slot antenna 201 s variable slit width and auxiliary antenna 102 (Fig. 7A-7B).

The proposed structure provides the maximum total radiation power by minimizing losses in the power lines and connections. All parts of a monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range are manufactured within the usual technological sequence of manufacturing a monolithic module. Consequently, technological tolerances and product yields are maximized.

In FIG. 8A shows a decoupling between adjacent traveling wave radiation structures 101. The relationship between adjacent unipolar elements 801 is illustrated for traveling wave radiation structures 101 that emit a horizontally polarized wave. The relationship between adjacent cross-polarized elements 802 is illustrated for an aperture radiation pattern 106 that emits vertically polarized waves and adjacent traveling wave pattern 101. In FIG. 8B shows impedance matching for horizontal polarization 803 and impedance matching for vertical polarization 804 for traveling wave radiation pattern 101 and aperture radiation pattern 106, respectively.

According to the presented results, the cross-polarization coupling in the antenna is negligible and does not affect beam formation by the antenna array. Impedance matching provides maximum power transfer and minimal spurious signal reflection.

INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURES OF AN OUTLET WAVE ANTENNA WITH A MOBILE DEVICE

FIG. 9 illustrates a layout of a mobile device 800 with a millimeter-wave communication module and a dual array antenna array 100. A metal frame 509 holds the main PCB 110, the screen 1001 and the back cover 1003. In a preferred embodiment, the dual-type antenna elements 100 are formed on the main PCB 110 of the mobile device 800. In another embodiment, the array of dual-type antenna elements 100 is made as a separate module installed inside the mobile device 800. The dual array antenna elements 100 is integrated with the resonator 1002 of the mobile device 800. The partially reflective surface 505 protects the antenna array from the environment, which may contain dust and water. The array of antenna elements 100 of the double type integrated with the resonator 1002, which is connected to the structure 500 of the leaky wave through the port 501, forms the antenna array of the leaky wave. This antenna array operates in three beamforming modes: aperture radiation mode of the antenna array, traveling wave radiation mode and mixed radiation mode.

It should be noted that in this context, a mobile device may also be used interchangeably as an apparatus, for example, an apparatus for wireless communication.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for wireless communication comprises a monolithically integrated millimeter-wave antenna module and a housing including: conductive structures with at least one aperture for matching the antenna module with open space. The monolithic-integrated millimeter-wave antenna module contains multiple dual-type antenna elements, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), and a power circuit. Each of the aforementioned antenna elements is a dual type antenna element designed to excite two modes of orthogonal polarization. The power circuit is configured to connect the ports of the aforementioned RFIC with each of the dual-type antenna elements to excite two different polarization and beamforming modes. The millimeter-wave antenna module is isolated from the free space by the housing, and the electromagnetic field is radiated into the free space through the conductive structures of the housing. The housing of the apparatus may include a frame for mounting an antenna module of the millimeter range. The housing may comprise a metal frame, and the antenna elements may be connected to the free space through the traveling wave structure of the metal frame. Antenna elements can be made in the form of resonators emitting a planar waveguide, and a metal frame can connect the resonators of the planar waveguide with free space. Plastic can be inserted into the resonator on the outside of the metal frame.

FIG. 10A and 10B illustrate the arrangement of the array of dual-type antenna elements 100 and the leakage wave structure 500 in the corner of the mobile device 800 in the metal frame 509. The distance between the PCB 110 and the metal frame 509 is consistent with the mechanical requirements for load resistance. The dual array conformal array of antenna elements 100 allows you to increase the scan angle range.

FIG. 10C illustrates an antenna array without a metal frame or plastic case. It contains a dielectric-filled waveguide 901 and bipolar supply ports 902. The polarizer 906 in FIG. 10C is connected to bipolar power supply ports 902. The bipolar polarization ports 902 are based on monolithic integrated technology. The polarizer 906 is based on a polarizing filter 904. A vertically polarized electromagnetic wave in the polarizer 906 is excited by the wave port 905. A horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave in the polarizer 906 is excited by the wave port 903.

EMISSION WAVE STRUCTURES IN THE METAL FRAME

FIG. 11A illustrates a preferred embodiment of a bipolarization leaky wave structure 500. This structure is housed in a metal frame 509 that contains a leaky waveguide 502 and a partially reflective surface 505. The partially reflective surface 505 is formed by a dielectric coating 508 with conductive structures 504. An example of a variant of the conductive structure 504 is based on molded metal strips. Other options may include metallic patterns applied by laser engraving, metal sputtering, or appropriate technologies.

A 0.64λ × 0.8λ × 5λ waveguide 502 of the leaky wave has one open wall covered by a partially reflective surface 505. In FIG. 11B shows the configuration of the partially reflective surface 505. It contains two layers of conductive structures 504 (which are metal strips) with steps of 0.34λ and 0.27λ. The conductive structures 504 have a configuration of 0.02λ × 0.8λ. The thickness of the partially reflective surface 505 is 0.1λ, as shown in FIG. 11B.

Such a waveguide provides the propagation of electromagnetic waves 503 of two types: a vertically polarized wave 506 and a horizontally polarized wave 507. They propagate through the waveguide 502 of the leaky wave into free space through a partially reflecting surface 505. In this case, a beam is formed in a predetermined direction. A feature of this design is that the antenna operates in three modes: main mode, mixed mode and leaky wave mode.

FIG. 12A and 12B illustrate the distribution of electromagnetic waves 503 that propagate through leaky wave structures 500. FIG. 12A depicts the operation of the leaky wave structure 500 when a vertically polarized wave 506 passes. FIG. 12B depicts the operation of the leaky wave structure 500 when a horizontally polarized wave 507 travels.

FIG. 13 illustrates radiation patterns of two types of waves 506, 507. It can be seen that a vertically polarized wave 506 provides beam formation at 105 degrees 701 in the azimuthal plane with respect to the line of symmetry. Frequency-dependent beam deflection is ± 5 degrees in the working frequency band. A horizontally polarized wave 507 provides the formation of a beam at 100 degrees 702 in the azimuthal plane relative to the line of symmetry. The frequency-dependent deviation of the beam is the same as with a vertically polarized wave of ± 5 degrees in the working frequency band. This method avoids frequency-dependent beam deflection at extremely inclined beam angles and reduces beam scanning losses.

SCRIPT OF USE

The phased outgoing wave antenna array is designed for devices such as a mobile phone, tablet, wearable electronics, as well as stationary devices: base stations, routers, and other types of transmitters. This antenna array can be integrated into a mobile device to provide multi-gigabit communications services such as high-definition television (HDTV) and ultra-high-definition video (UHDV), data file sharing, movie download / download, cloud services and other scenarios.

The present invention supports such methods of increasing network bandwidth as simultaneous transmission (space reuse), multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) method, and full duplex method.

The present invention enables the following millimeter-wave communication standards to be supported: personal wireless networks (WPAN) or local area networks (WLANs), for example, ECMA-387, IEEE 802.15.3c, and IEEE 802.11ad.

In one example embodiment, the physical layer and MAC layer support multi-gigabit wireless applications, including instant wireless synchronization, wireless high-definition (HD) streaming, wireless computing, and Internet access.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The invention can be applied in consumer electronics:

- in mobile devices that support the standards of wireless local area networks WiGig IEEE 802.11ad, WiHD and mobile networks 4G and 5G;

- in serial mobile devices containing a metal frame;

- for the formation of axial radiation with a scanning angle of up to 210 degrees.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antennas are located in the corner of the mobile device (Fig. 9). In another embodiment, the antennas are located on the edge of the mobile device.

The achievable scan angle and antenna gain are equal or better than a stand-alone antenna module without a mobile device. Spurious effects of the device case are excluded. The dimensions of the aperture gaps of the structures of the leaky wave make it possible to obtain small-sized antenna modules with a high gain.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Claims (31)

1. Monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range, containing: many antenna elements radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), and power circuit; moreover, each of the aforementioned antenna elements is a dual type antenna element, configured to excite two modes of orthogonal polarization; and the power circuit is configured to connect the ports of the aforementioned RFIC with each of the antenna elements of the dual type to excite two different modes of polarization and beam formation. 2. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein each dual-type antenna element includes a traveling wave antenna made as part of an aperture-type antenna. 3. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein each dual-type antenna element is formed by an aperture of a waveguide slot antenna with a variable slit width on wide sides of the waveguide, the aperture of said waveguide antenna exciting polarized radiation, and said variable width slits exciting orthogonally polarized traveling wave radiation . 4. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna elements of the dual type are configured to provide beam formation with polarization adaptation. 5. The antenna module according to claim 4, wherein said beam forming with polarization adaptation is carried out by means of a phase-controlled power supply of said twin antenna elements. 6. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the antenna module is manufactured using LTCC, PCB or other technology for manufacturing multilayer monolithic structures based on multilayer conductive and dielectric materials. 7. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the power circuit has a multi-tiered topology of power lines for said antenna elements. 8. A device for wireless communication, comprising: - monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range; and - a housing comprising: conductive structures with at least one aperture for matching the antenna module with the external space; moreover - monolithic integrated antenna module of the millimeter range contains: multiple antenna elements of the double type; radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC); and power circuit; - each of the aforementioned antenna elements is a dual-type antenna element configured to excite two modes of orthogonal polarization; - the power circuit is configured to connect the ports of the aforementioned RFIC with each of the antenna elements of the double type to excite two different modes of polarization and beam formation; - the millimeter-wave antenna module is isolated from the free space by the housing, the electromagnetic field is radiated into the free space through the conductive structures of the housing. 9. The device according to p. 8, in which the housing further comprises a frame for installing an antenna module of the millimeter range. 10. The device according to claim 8, in which the antenna module is conformally integrated with the device. 11. The device according to claim 8, in which the housing further comprises a metal frame and the antenna elements are connected to the free space through the traveling wave structure of the metal frame. 12. The device according to claim 8, in which the antenna module operates in more than one beamforming mode. 13. The device according to p. 12, in which the antenna module has the following modes of beam formation: antenna array mode, traveling wave mode, mixed mode. 14. The device according to claim 8, in which the antenna elements are made in the form of radiating planar waveguide resonators, the housing further comprises a metal frame and a metal frame connects the planar waveguide resonators to the free space. 15. The device according to claim 8, in which the antenna elements are made in the form of radiating planar waveguide resonators, the housing further comprises a metal frame and plastic is inserted into the resonator on the outside of the metal frame. 16. The device according to p. 15, in which one side of the plastic-filled waveguide is open in free space.

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