RU2629460C2 - Oscillatory waterjet drive, containing working body on whip beat principle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: oscillatory drive contains a working body based on the whip beat principle, which is a modification of the flagellar drive. The resilently elastic working body without rotation around its axis performs the oscillatory-circular motions at the base in medium, circumscribing a cone and, further, a spiral as a whip beat, due eccentric propulsion system, encapsulated and integrated at the base of the working body or thereof portion, including an external drive to create said oscillatory movements of required frequency and amplitude.

EFFECT: simplification of the design and generation of oscillations directly in the working body without the need to create deadwood, and sealing systems for sealing the moving parts.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a mover with oscillatory motion in a medium and can be used to create a mover with circular oscillatory movement of the working body.

The principle of body motion in a liquid medium by rotating a flagellum according to the type of a propeller together with axial rotation is known, but application is found in a limited number of models, mainly in the construction of micro- and nanorobots. Technically, the hydrodynamics of the flagellum is close to the hydrodynamics of the screw, with the exception of the more pronounced effect of "dip into the medium", but with a significantly lower cavitation effect. The advantages of the flagellum over the screw are such that when the rotation speed and the medium speed change, the configuration of the working body spontaneously, due to elasticity, changes (the spiral of movement contracts and stretches, as well as narrows and expands) so that the hydrodynamic loss of movement would be minimal. During inertial motion in the medium, the flagellum occupies the position of minimal resistance to the medium, stretching along the motion. For a classic screw, this is only possible with technically sophisticated variable pitch systems. The general technical problem of implementing both a screw and a flagellum in the models presented in the literature is that for transmitting rotational motion to the axis, stern, magnetomuft or some type of stuffing box seal of the rotation axis is required, which reduces the advantages of simplicity of creating a working body to highly specialized, expensive, serviced technical solutions, forced widespread use of precision engineering, increased noise, reduced efficiency of the installation as a whole due to losses in the supply system power.

A device for ed. RF №2469752 class А61М 37/00 "Other devices for introducing drugs and other drugs into the human body; percussion, those administering drugs to the body by diffusion through the skin." 12.20.2012. The invention relates to medical devices and is intended for the transport of drugs to inaccessible places of a living organism with high efficiency. The device contains a flexible case cover, flexible flagella of the propeller mechanism, piezoelectric rotary electric drives of the propeller mechanism, a power supply, a control unit, an image receiving and transmitting unit, a container for transporting medicinal substances with a controlled shutter, a flagellum of the mover with a piezoelectric engine, and other auxiliary devices.

The disadvantages of the device are as follows:

- low efficiency of the propulsion due to the loss of energy to the side during rotation of the flagellum, part of the energy is spent on the movement of the environment to the side of the axis of movement;

- losses due to additional friction in the medium during rotation of the flagellum around its own axis - 1 revolution per working cycle;

- Losses in the transfer of energy from the engine due to gaskets, or couplings, or when the piezo drive is operating directly in the medium;

- the need to seal the engine power transmission unit;

- a large number of various materials in contact with the environment that must be protected from aggressive environments, which creates a significant increase in the cost of technology, and in medical applications there is also the need to certify all materials for safe use.

Closest to the claimed is a known device of a thin microrobot developed by Monash University, Australia (Monash UniversityinAustralia, Dr. James Friend), which includes a micromotor, preferably an ultrasonic (piezo), enclosed in a sealed capsule with a magnetic coupling for transmitting rotational motion to a group of three flagella (E. colli bacterium containing three flagella was taken as a prototype).

The disadvantages of the device are as follows:

- low efficiency of the propulsion due to the loss of energy to the side during rotation of the flagella;

- losses due to additional friction in the medium during rotation of the flagellum around its own axis - 1 revolution per working cycle;

- losses in the transfer of energy from the engine due to magnetic couplings;

- the need to seal the engine power transmission unit;

- a large number of various materials in contact with the environment, which must be protected from aggressive environments, which creates an additional rise in the cost of technology, and in medical applications there is also the need to certify materials for safe use.

No analogs or close in principle to the proposed invention products in the manufacture or design of macroobjects were found.

The essence of the invention is to convert rotational energy into translational in a technologically simple way, to create a schematic diagram of a previously unused mover based on a whip beating of a working fluid, applicable in the range from movers of nano- and microrobots to movers of ships.

The technical result allows:

1. Use the geometry of rotation (whip beating) of the working body without rotating the latter around its own axis;

1. Reduce losses on interaction with the environment;

2. Simplify the design in comparison with analogues, get the opportunity to use a stamp and cheap materials;

3. Eliminate the need to transfer mechanical energy from outside the system;

4. Eliminate the need to create and seal a stern, stuffing box or similar system;

5. To minimize the number of moving parts and the area of rubbing surfaces (the latter, depending on the technical solution, down to zero);

6. Use one material to create the entire surface in contact with the external environment (for example, a stamp made of polyethylene, rubber, silicone, latex, etc.), which reduces the cost of production, allows the product to be used in any aggressive environments, and in case of medical use it simplifies certification of materials;

7. To reduce the effect of "falling through the environment" of the working fluid through the use of an external tunnel;

8. To reduce losses associated with the "dissipation" of power transmitted to the medium in the transverse direction relative to the axis of movement, through the use of an external tunnel;

9. Use at any range of depths and temperatures of the medium without modification of the structure;

10. Use spontaneous straightening of the working body to an infinite step during inertial movement, which sharply reduces the resistance of the propulsion device during the inertial movement of the object in the medium;

11. To exclude friction losses in power supply mechanisms due to the lack thereof;

12. To apply the principle of flagellum / whip mover on macro objects;

13. To exclude external moving parts and connections from the mover diagram;

14. Implement spontaneous adjustment of the working fluid (analogue of the pitch of the screw and angle of attack) under the conditions of flow velocity, power and rotation speed with spontaneous creation of a hydrodynamically optimal geometry;

15. Implement a cavitation-resistant circuit (a working body of circular cross section, without areas for creating zones of significant negative pressures), which will increase the power significantly more than a screw, using inexpensive structural materials and without precision engineering;

16. Quickly, widely and finely control the flow rate and power with the presence of an economical (resonant), smallest (silent, share, unit and tens of hertz) and forced travel up to the ultrasonic range of oscillations of the working body;

17. To carry out low-noise movement to ensure the secrecy of the object, simulating the acoustic picture of living objects;

18. Scale the model to create on this principle a propulsion device from nanorobots to surface and submarine vessels of large displacement;

19. Use the product as an adjustable pump of delicate liquids that do not tolerate the destruction of structures (blood, blood components, emulsions), as well as coarse suspensions of any kind.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the working body (hereinafter “the whip”) makes oscillating circular movements at the base, describing the cone and, further, the spiral as a whip beat due to the power plant encapsulated and integrated in the base, or its part, vibrational movements of the required frequency and amplitude. It should be noted that the whip does not rotate around its own axis, like a flagellum, being fixed to the support body. An integrated power plant can be an electric motor with an eccentric, or a shaftless vibro-motor, or an electromagnetic drive with external windings, or magnets, or various options for sequential deformation of the base of the whip due to the piezoelectric effect, or “artificial muscles” based on polymers. The mover is made in the form of a cylindrical chamber of circular cross section with open ends (tunnel), in the front part of which in axial position on at least one streamlined support a working body of circular cross section, elongated-conical, or cylindrical, or conical-cylindrical, is hydrodynamically justified made of an elastic material (for example, reinforced silicone, rubber, rubber spring) with the ability to move in a chamber circularly like a whip. The camera turns the flywheel into a water jet. The presence of a camera, in principle, is optional, but appropriate and intended to reduce the effect of falling into the environment, to eliminate turbulence during the interaction of the jet with the environment, as a result, to increase the efficiency of the propulsion device, to be able to adjust the thrust vector of the entire installation and operation safety to avoid collisions with surrounding objects. The mover assembly can also be made in the form of an assembly with identical parallel cylindrical cells (chambers), in which elementary units of the described mover are located, the total external vibrations of which are transmitted to the common body, can be out of phase synchronized and leveled, which will reduce vibration , noise operation and increasing the linearity of the thrust vector. Inside the base of the working fluid, in an airtight capsule rigidly adhered to the base of the whip, there is a power plant, or its moving part, which imparts oscillatory movements. In the case of inertial movement of an object in the medium, the resistance to the medium is minimized due to spontaneous straightening of the elastic working fluid (Fig. 5). The electric power is supplied to the power plant by wires through the support described above.

The technical solutions of the integrated power plant are as follows:

1. Engine and cam

Fig. 1 and fig. 2 (sketches, scale not respected)

Inside the working fluid 1 hermetically, on the coaxial axis 4, in a single rigid capsule 2, an electric motor 5 with a remote eccentric flywheel 3 is placed on the shaft along the axis of rotation. The engine-flywheel system is fixed on the axis 4 of rotation of the working body at a balanced point, optimal (experimentally determined for each of the ratios of sizes, materials and masses) for the application of forces to the working body. In this case, the flywheel rotates freely within the common cavity inside the capsule, being located at a certain distance from the axis of rotation of the engine. Direct transmission of rotational-vibrational movements is carried out from the engine casing through the surrounding capsule to the working body, in antiphase from the flywheel. It is advisable to place the installation in the tunnel 6 (pipe) of circular inner cross-section to maintain safety and reduce the effects of "sinking" into the medium and transverse (relative to the movement) "scattering" of the medium. It is possible to reverse the arrangement when the engine is located further from the flywheel from the attachment point of the working body, while the transmission of vibrations is also carried out due to the walls of the capsule (Fig. 3). A possible (and more promising) "counterweight" scheme (Fig. 4), in which the engine 5 and the flywheel 3 are located on opposite sides of the swing center on the support 7, and / or with the transmission of torque through an additional elastic-elastic rod 8. " The counterbalanced "scheme allows the use of larger engines and flywheels, as well as, if necessary, to move the engine and flywheel beyond the axial position. It is possible to use known non-shaft versions of eccentric engines located in a perpendicular plane relative to the axis of the whip. With an increase in the rotational speed and constant properties of the medium, the pitch of the whip vibration due to elasticity spontaneously shortens to certain limits, the angle of attack to the medium decreases to the hydrodynamically optimal one, and vice versa, with a decrease in frequency, which ensures uniform loading of the forming screw when the power changes.

These options for placing the power plant allow you to turn all the rotation energy (with the exception of losses in the electric motor-flywheel system) into rotational vibrations of the required frequency and amplitude transmitted to the working body. At the same time, the whip does not rotate around its own axis, which does not create additional friction on the medium, as in the classical flagellum scheme.

2. The use of solenoids, electromagnetic drives, piezo drives, “artificial muscles”, etc.

Somewhat complicates the electrical part, requires the introduction of microcontrollers and rotation sensors for synchronization, reduces scalability, in particular for large objects, the efficiency can be reduced. However, when used in the proposed arrangement inside the working fluid, it can also be considered in the future if necessary, for example, the creation of, for example, virtually silent vibration-free, low-speed drives, including those simulating the vibro-acoustic picture of living objects.

The design, unlike prototypes and analogues, does not contain additional devices (stops, latches, leaf springs, levers, oil seals, deadwoods, channels, valves, connecting rods) to ensure operation. Sealed supply of electrical energy through wires and heat removal (when the engine housing contacts the capsule, the working body and, further, the medium) do not pose technical problems. The low cost of electric motors and the simplicity of the circuit allows you to make a replaceable working body (and even the entire unit cell) in the assembly, which can be replaced separately or together with the housing during wear. The main advantage of this scheme is the generation of oscillations directly in the working fluid, without the need to create stern, stuffing box and other sealing systems for moving parts. This allows the product to be used without alteration and costly solutions under conditions of various media and pressures, as a pump of liquids, and also as a cheap underwater towing vehicle with high efficiency without limiting the depths (a maintenance-free sealed capsule inside the working fluid can be made arbitrarily strong). The propulsion system of the mover does not take up space outside the mover itself, which allows to significantly increase the usable volume inside the boat itself, or a towed object with a useful function. The propulsion scheme can also be used to create unmanned objects that mimic the movements of living beings.

Claims (3)

1. Oscillatory mover containing a working body on the principle of beating a whip, which is a modification of the flagellum mover, characterized in that the elastic-elastic working body, without rotation around its own axis, performs at the base oscillating circular motion in the medium, describing the cone and, further, a whip-type spiral, due to an eccentric power plant encapsulated and integrated in the base of the working body, or its part, including an external drive to create the indicated oscillatory movements the desired frequency and amplitude. 2. The oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that the power plant is placed in the form of a "counterbalanced" circuit, in which the engine and flywheel are located on opposite sides of the swing center on the support, and / or with the transmission of torque through an additional elastic-elastic kernel. 3. Oscillating mover according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the mover is placed in a pipe or tunnel of circular cross section.

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