RU2628414C1 - All-season tundra vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: cross-country vehicle contains the cabin, the main drive from the internal combustion engine, the full-range pneumatic-wheel propellers of large diameter, mounted on the chassis, and the cargo compartment. The pneumatic propellers contain the full profiled with low and medium pressure tyres, and the suspension is made without springs, the wide frame chassis is performed with differently tracked location system of the pneumatic propellers on the spaced bridges with the gravity center stabilisation and the lateral stability. The lateral retractable support wheels are installed at the frame, the aerodynamic engine power plant of helicopter type with detachable emergency-detonated blades is installed between the main engine and the cargo compartment in the vehicle mass center. The water jets and high-speed impeller are installed on the bridge transverse beams. The engine compartment, the cabin and the cargo compartment are sealed and made of composite, fiber-glass materials and carbon fiber, and the vehicle carrier elements are made from aluminium and titanium alloys.

EFFECT: improved the vehicle cross-country.

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Description

The invention relates to combined cross-country vehicles and can be used year-round in the tundra regions while preserving environmental substance with an extremely vulnerable plant and soil structure.

The tundra is a flat swampy lowland with high relative humidity during the melting of snow and soil cover under permafrost conditions. Plants in the tundra, mainly reindeer moss, on the surface of the soil form interwoven slowly growing shoots in the form of a pillow, and the disturbed soil is extremely vulnerable and the vegetation cover does not recover for a long time. The depth of thawing of the soil in the summer lies in the range of 40-70 cm.

The tundra can have elevations and lowlands filled with water (lakes), the surface of the tundra is dotted with small streams and shallow rivers. The need for environmentally friendly and highly passable vehicles is due to the fact that the predominant share of Russia's natural reserves, including hydrocarbons, are located in the tundra, and their production, accompanied by geological design and survey, drilling, construction, maintenance, repair and restoration work and the elimination of technological disasters requires the prompt arrival of specialists at their destination.

Practice has shown that the use of helicopter technology during the muddy season to perform such work is not always justified due to the high cost of operating air vehicles, the lack of helicopters of a wide class of application and professionally trained flight personnel due to the diversity of work performed and the frequent occurrence of air transport accidents. All-terrain vehicles developed by profile enterprises, including marsh walkers, did not achieve the expected results both in cross-country ability and reliability of the vehicle (hereinafter TS), and in terms of their impact on the environment.

All-terrain vehicles (TS) of families are known from the prior art, for example, TREKOL type 4X4 and 6X6, prototypes NAMI-1918 type 4X4 and VECTOR type 8X8 on low and ultra-low pressure pneumatic wheel propellers (tire, patent "2005083 TREKOL-3929, patent for wheel No. 1833316, No. 2042561, No. 49571, No. 2148500, VECTOR patent No. 47192, No. 2140363, No. 63031).

Disadvantages.

1. Limited vehicle speed, high wear and increased likelihood of tire damage and their jumping off of the wheel disks when maneuvering with a full vehicle load.

2. The limited carrying capacity of vehicles despite the large dimensions of the pneumatic wheels associated with the subsidence of the vehicle in the soil to the differential housings (bridges, cross beams), transfer case and engine crankcase and other protruding parts of the vehicle, blocking the further progress of the equipment.

3. Violation of the ecology of regions with vulnerable soil structure due to the emergence of road ruts, damage and “stripping” of tire lugs and protruding parts of the TS of vegetative soil cover.

A known utility model is Aerosled (patent No. 85437, B62M). Snowmobiles contain a sliding plane, a housing with a cabin, a power unit with an engine and a propeller and having an additional engine and propeller installed in aerodynamic rings with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 m, while the screws form an air pressure that provides traction in the direction of movement snowmobile. The sliding plane is made in the form of two floats - skis, rigidly connected to each other by the body floor above the sliding plane, as well as a control system.

Disadvantages.

1. Road (ground) pavement must have an acceptable curvature of the surface and exclude blockages that impede the sliding of skis; speed conditions must be observed.

2. The lifting capacity of snowmobiles is limited by the slip coefficient and can only be operated on water, snow and ice. Operation on a hard ground surface leads to increased fuel consumption, creating a risk of rollover due to different friction coefficients of the bottom with a heterogeneous structure of the soil surface, leading to rapid wear of the bottom of the floats.

A hovercraft is known (patent for invention No. 2068352, 60V). An air-cushion vehicle is used to create low-altitude air-support, transport and assembly platforms of high cross-country ability when transporting heavy cargo in hard-to-reach areas. The vehicle contains a cargo platform and a device for its connection with a helicopter creating an air cushion and propulsive thrust during operation of the rotor.

Disadvantages.

1. The bulkiness and complexity of the design.

2. The limited ability to transport goods over long distances with a relatively flat earth surface to create a working air cushion.

3. High professionalism of pilots, accurate maneuvering accuracy with a given clearance for creating an air cushion.

4. The danger of a crash associated with poor visibility conditions, an instant change in weather conditions (gale, air holes), the difficulty of an emergency landing, complicated by the presence of a load secured from below.

The vehicle is known in the art for pneumatic-wheel propulsors of large and extra large size (diameter and width) of ultra-low pressure (abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences Vladimir Ivanovich Kotlyarenko, Nizhny Novgorod, 2009, prototype).

The relevance of the work is connected with the insufficient development of the transport network, the complexity of the climatic conditions and the environmental vulnerability of the regions of the North and North-East of the Russian Federation, where the main reserves of the country's natural resources are concentrated. The main results and conclusions of the work is a scientifically-based technical solution to the problem, which consists in substantiating and developing the basic principles for creating running systems of vehicles on ultra-low-pressure air-wheel propulsion engines, taking into account environmental indicators. In the source of information, well-known versions of the TS (analogues) are adequately described, with the advantages and disadvantages inherent in one or another model. However, as a rule, the main parameters of the vehicle evaluating the traction capabilities of the machines, coupled with the full load on weak soils, characterizing the throughput in terms of the coefficient of adhesion and rolling resistance are not presented, apparently due to the wide range of operating conditions of the vehicle, and the practical lack of reliable theoretical and experimental research results in this area. The author has proposed a traditional approach to assessing vehicle cross-country ability in the “propulsion – support surface” (DOP) analysis system, similar to the approach in the AIDS analysis system (machine – tool – tool – tool – part), used to evaluate accuracy and study parametric characteristics in the manufacture of parts in mechanical engineering. The formulated requirements in accordance with the DOP system determine the main weighty parameters: the surface profile of the road, the curvature of the road in the plan, the coupling properties, the resistance to movement, the stresses that arise in the contact of the mover with the ground under the influence of the load on the mover and traction, ground bearing capacity and maximum resistance soil shear etc. The author’s key phrase is formulated by the expression: “Patency is the ability of a vehicle to overcome road resistance to continuous translational motion created by forces in the DOP system.” However, taking the author’s key phrase as the basis, it must be understood that we can only control the propulsion parameters, and even then within the limits of adaptively controlled inertial systems. As for the rapidly and continuously changing characteristics of the pavement itself, and possibly the lack thereof, the prototype cannot fully meet the claimed requirements.

Disadvantages.

1. The ultra-low pressure in the tires of the vehicle limits their carrying capacity and creates increased tire wear.

2. The vulnerability of the vegetation cover with tire hooks, especially during slipping and repeated driving along humid, impenetrable marshy places with the creation of road ruts.

3. Insufficient cross-country ability of the vehicle associated with the linking on the thawed areas of permafrost during periods of thaw.

4. Ultra-low pressure in pneumatic wheels reduces the specific pressure on the ground, increasing the cross-country ability of the vehicle. However, when the tire tires are crushed (by analogy with the “Rapporteurs”, KrAZ 255B), an adequate decrease in clearance (clearance between the soil and the vehicle bridges) occurs, which, along with the creation of deep wheel ruts, “peeling” the vulnerable vegetation cover with beams (bridges), crankcase , junction box and other protruding nodes of the vehicle. All this leads to the occurrence of regional technogenic environmental damage associated with a violation of biogeocenosis.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the patency of vehicles on hard-to-reach routes of the marshy tundra with extremely vulnerable vegetation of the soil cover, on water crossings, in winter during the period of snow cover or on ice.

This task is achieved by the fact that the proposed vehicle has an increased thrust-to-weight ratio (an increased ratio of traction force to vehicle mass), a reduced metal consumption of the vehicle, a low specific ground pressure not exceeding the soil bearing capacity, and the use of full-profile air-wheel propulsors playing the role of springs. In addition, the vehicle has multi-purpose operation using all forms of pavement and mud, crossing fords and water barriers, snow and ice and does not require a winter road.

These indicators in the claimed invention are implemented on all-terrain vehicles, further tundra rovers, in which for the first time a special form of a springless frame is used, reinforced with a supporting platform that provides kinematic rigidity of the executive organs of the transport system.

In the tundra rover, combined systems of stabilization of the center of gravity and lateral stability of the vehicle are used, set out as an example in information sources: invention of the Russian Federation 2310569, B60G 21/06, inventions of the Russian Federation 2261806, 2318678, Kinetik Dinamic Suspension Sistem, KDSS, SYSTEMSAUTO.RU, Active Body Contro.

For the first time, a multi-gauge system for the location of pneumatic-wheel propulsors, which reduce the load on the vegetation-soil coating without creating wheel trenches, was used in the tundra rover. With such a system, the fingerprint profiles of wheel sets installed on different axles do not move along the track, do not overlap each other, but are formed according to the original scheme from the first bridge to the last, providing a uniform load on the soil cover, horizontal stabilization and increased stability, and maneuverability of a tundra roder. Of course, the fuel consumption of the vehicle will increase when creating diverse wheel ruts, but it is important to note the generally accepted opinion of specialists associated with the extraction of natural resources that high-cross-country vehicles and heavy vehicles should work not only on any brands and qualities of diesel fuels, but also fuel consumption is a critical parameter of all-terrain cargo vehicles.

The main feature that provides novelty to the tundra rover is a blade-type (helicopter) type aerodynamic propulsion system that provides not only additional propulsive power (propulsive thrust) of the vehicle, but also lifting force to significantly relieve the load on the ground. The tundra rover has the ability to move mainly without slipping (without shifting the soil cover), i.e. mainly due to the rolling of the vehicle, using the bearing ability of the soil cover.

According to the proposed technical solution, the power aerodynamic propulsion system is located between the main engine and the cargo compartment at the center of gravity (center of mass), rigidly connected with the horizontally oriented load-bearing frame and the power carrier platform of the vehicle, controlled by the pilot driver from the cab of the tundra pass.

The main rotor is connected through the propeller shaft to the propulsion system through a universal joint, which allows you to change the angle of inclination of the main shaft. The rotor drive shaft is fixed by bearings installed in the housing, the position of which is regulated by the position of the hydraulic cylinder using the controls from the cockpit of the driver-pilot of the tundra pass. Torque is transmitted to the rotor shaft of the rotor via a universal joint, and the traction is regulated by controls, such as an accelerator pedal. The combined compartment cabin is located in the bow of the tundra to reduce vibration and noise.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a functional diagram of the proposed vehicle indicating the principal nodes providing the invention with signs of novelty.

The vehicle 1 contains the main drive motor 2, controlled from the cab 3 by the pilot driver and navigator-mechanic of the tundra pass. On the platform of the vehicle 1 there is a cargo compartment 4 for the placement of drilling equipment, a survey laboratory, technical assistance, etc. The main drive motor 2 pneumatic-wheel propulsors, a cabin 3 for accommodating a pilot-pilot, navigator-mechanic and maintenance personnel, and a cargo compartment 4 are mounted on a wide-frame chassis 5 with stabilization of the center of gravity and lateral stability of the vehicle. Wide-frame chassis 5 has an original geometric shape, combining the strength of the supporting platform with an independent suspension system of all the cross beams (bridges) connected to the pneumatic wheel drives 6. Individually switched on and off, the drive axles arranged in a rational longitudinal order provide a different track, balanced stability and multifunctionality . Different track provides a minimum specific load on the plant-soil coating, because after rolling the wheel, the plant-soil coating, which is wet peat, intertwined with roots and stems, having extreme resistance to rupture and integrity of the ecosystem structure, returns to its original state like a pillow. If the unit load exceeds the tensile strength and structural integrity, the ecosystem is damaged.

The tundrahod is equipped with lightweight single-row or multi-row full- and wide-profile pneumatic wheels of 6 large and extra-large diameters of low and medium pressure, made in two- or multi-bridge versions, depending on the functional purpose and bearing load of the tundra passage. The tire pressure in the wheels is automatically adjusted according to the state of the soil cover of its bearing load, taking into account the total mass of the tundra pass or from the cabin 3 by the pilot-driver of the vehicle using pneumatic pumping valves or injectors to relieve excess pressure. The full profile of pneumatic wheels 6, along with the use of reinforced shock absorbers, makes it possible to abandon heavy spring systems, providing a decrease in the specific metal consumption of the vehicle and the specific pressure of the wheels on the ground.

Balanced stability implies the most widely spaced pneumatic-wheel propellers 6 of the second bridge with a slight advance of the center of mass, taking into account the inertial high-speed translational progress of the vehicle. The versatility is ensured by the high maneuverability of the tundra pass, both due to synchronously connected steering rods of the first and second axles, and a short track of the rear axles, which provides the vehicle with an unattainable minimum turning radius for the class of all-terrain cargo vehicles. The frame rests on bridges in the immediate vicinity of the hubs, providing the necessary rigidity. The use of torsion bars, jet rods, shock absorbers, center of mass stabilization systems and lateral stability reduce vibration, allow the wheels to hang in pits and rise on bumps due to the movement of piston rods, which play the role of suspension struts by flowing hydraulic fluid, while maintaining the horizontal bearing frame and cargo platforms in a simple way.

Between the main engine 2 and the cargo compartment 4 at the center of gravity (center of mass) of the vehicle on the wide-frame supporting platform 5 (chassis), an additional aerodynamic propulsion system 7, for example, of a piston, turboprop or gas turbine type, used in the basic series of helicopters, is installed. The helicopter-type aerodynamic installation can also be mounted on a special high frame (seat), the legs of which abut against the most distant points of the power platform to stabilize the center of mass during movement.

To ensure uniform load distribution along the chassis 5 of the tundra passage with the center of mass at the installation site of the additional engine power unit 7, a diesel generator and welding unit 19, a compressor and (or) pump station 20 for servicing (cleaning) wells and collecting spilled oil products can be located . The specified equipment has a common special easily removable streamlined cover, removed in hot time for cooling engines and units with air currents from the rotor blades.

The start and drive of the additional propulsion system 7 is carried out from the cabin 3 by the pilot-driver of the tundra rode at the exit from a hard road or dirt pavement to difficult passable plains of marshy flat areas. The control commands for the main and additional engines can be both individual and synchronized to achieve maximum vehicle traffic. Torque is transmitted from the auxiliary engine power unit 7 to the main rotor 12 through a cardan joint 13, which provides the inclination of the main rotor shaft using the hydraulic cylinder 8. The bearing housing 15 of the main rotor shaft is fixed in the transverse direction by sliding the bearing housing along the guide groove of the rigid beam 16 fixed on the support posts 14.

Thus, the efficiency of the vehicle will be determined by the torque on the wheelsets, the lifting force, which reduces the pressure of the pneumatic wheels 6 on the soil cover and the propulsive traction, moving the vehicle forward (backward). The lifting force that reduces the pressure of the pneumatic wheels 6 to the ground, the propulsive thrust, which creates additional traction for the vehicle, can change both the position of the shaft drive by the hydraulic cylinder rod 8 and the rotational speed of the rotor shaft 12.

The vehicle’s speed of movement and its maneuvering subject to the high-speed regime occurs with wheelsets 6 driven by the main standard engine and due to the propulsive traction created by the additional propulsion system 7. The high-speed regime, especially on unknown routes, is limited by the use of stabilization systems of lateral and course stability , when driving along humps and ditches hidden under water, it excludes lateral tipping of the tundra pass.

In emergency situations (exceeding the permissible roll) with the use of automatic high-speed systems of hydraulic extension of the side self-locking supporting swing wheels 9, also playing the role of spare wheels and float elements, the extension of the swing supporting wheels 9 can be carried out both urgently, upon reaching a critical angle of inclination of the tundra pass, and at the command of the driver, when passing a very rough terrain. There is also a mode of incomplete extension of the support wheels 9, for example, in the mode of float elements or when replacing the wheels. The extension of the support wheels 9 is carried out by hydraulic cylinders 17 to the full or partial stem extension.

To overcome water obstacles, water cannons 10 mounted on the transverse beams (bridges) of the vehicle can be additionally used, and for a long high-speed crossing, a high-speed impeller 11 can be activated by a control signal driven by an additional power propulsion unit 7 from the power take-off shaft.

In all-terrain vehicles-marshes on pneumatic wheel propulsors of low and ultra low pressure, adopted, inter alia, as analogues, the possibility of crossing water barriers due to the rotation of pneumatic wheel propellers equipped with lugs is stated. However, practice has shown that the immersion of pneumatic-wheel propellers by more than 2/3 of the wheel diameter when rotating them in a deep pond does not give the vehicle a floating motor effect. The present invention is devoid of such disadvantages, because the lifting force arising from the rotor blades, along with propulsive traction, will not only support the tundra pass below the actual waterline (excluding the lifting force), i.e. below the axis of the pneumatic-wheel propulsors, but also use the effective buoyancy of the tundra rover both due to propulsive traction and the use of song-wheel propulsors as propeller wheels.

To increase its buoyancy, the latter can have an airtight cabin and a cargo compartment, and hollow containers filled with air or filled with fuel (not shown) installed under the vehicle frame. The cabin and cargo and passenger compartments are equipped with removable hatches for evacuating personnel, as well as for removing and fixing the rotor blades by means of a platform (not shown) that extends along the suspended runners of the cargo-passenger compartment, resting at the other end on the fixing elements of the cabin roof.

During the freezing period and the formation of reliable snow cover, front and rear pairs of skis (not shown) are installed on the transverse beams (bridges), frame or torsion bars, the front of which are connected to the steering rods by means of ball bearings and lever links, and thereby change direction when maneuvers tundrahod synchronously with the rotation of the front wheels. The rear skis are motionless. The installation height of the ski sliding plane should not exceed half the profile height of full-profile pneumowheels (not shown).

Emergency evacuation of the tundra pass by a rescue helicopter is carried out by hooking with sling hooks to the support posts 14. When traveling over long distances on a hard road surface, the rotor blades 12 can be either removable or fixed in a certain position (like an arrow at a truck crane) for a two-blade case. Bearing elements of the tundra pass: frame, wheel disks, transverse beams, unit bodies, rods and stabilizers are made of aluminum, titanium and special alloys. Airtight compartments of the engine, cab, passenger compartment, fuel tanks, blades and other elements are made of composite materials, multilayer fiberglass and carbon fiber using nanotechnology. A prerequisite for the stable movement of the tundra pass due to rolling without slipping under extreme operating conditions is compliance with the high-speed mode, ensuring reliable controlled contact of the wheel pairs of the tundra pass with the ground coating.

Based on the foregoing, the recommended power parameters for creating lifting force and propulsive traction while ensuring reliable support contact of pneumatic wheels with a ground coating provided by an additional power propulsion system will be determined from the ratios:

lifting force - F _{max under} <0,66Р _tf ; propulsive thrust - F _pt <0.25 Ρ _tf , where P _tf is the weight of the equipped vehicle.

For example, with the weight of the tundra pass 3.0 tons and the transported cargo 3.0 tons, the sufficient power of the main engine will be 200 hp, the estimated power of the additional engine (to drive the turboprop) should be about 1500 hp, for example, VK-1500.

The work of the tundra is illustrated as follows. A professionally trained driver-pilot together with a navigator-mechanic performs the following preparatory work: by means of two platforms that are pulled out from the cargo compartment through the hinged windows and mounted on the cab 3, the rotor blades 12 are mounted on the rotor hub using axial, horizontal and vertical hinges connected with a swash plate providing the inclination of the plane of rotation of the rotor under the influence of control along the pitch channel and along the roll channel (not shown). The articulation of the structures of the elements and engagement units of the rotor blades is not included in the subject of the present invention, therefore, a further description of this construct is omitted.

Next, the driver-pilot launches an additional propulsion system 7 of a piston, turboprop or gas turbine type and enters the operating mode of operation. The GPS driving route (Glonass) or manual control of the vehicle is carried out by sequentially starting the main engine 2 to create traction due to the torque on the axles of the pneumatic wheels 6 and an additional propulsion system to create lift and propulsive traction due to the rotation of the rotor blades 12. Roof the cargo compartment and the cabin has a hemispherical streamlined shape in the longitudinal direction, providing minimal resistance to air flow from rotating blades. Excessive pressure under the rotating blades will create a kind of air cushion, creating additional lifting force and reducing the specific pressure of the vehicle on the ground. The cabin and cargo and passenger compartments are sound and heat insulated, and the resulting cavities under the ceiling play the role of sleeping places and lockers. On the frame of the tundra pass there are folding steps 18. The central computer server (not shown) summarizes the status of controls, sensors, the position of the carrier frame (longitudinal and transverse inclination), the state of working out lateral dynamic stabilization along the roll, directional stability, pitch and roll propeller planes, speed modes, bearing state of the soil, dynamic clearance, pressure in pneumatic wheels, on / off drive axles, parameters of seismic sensors (noise level and vibration i) the depth of the ford, the reservoir, the transition to swimming mode, the on-off of water cannons, the on-off of the high-speed impeller drive clutch from the power take-off shaft of the additional propulsion system, temperature conditions, fuel volume, readiness for operation of analytical protection systems and intelligent control systems are visualized on the screens of the driver-pilot of the tundra rover. In emergency situations of manual driving, controlled by the pilot-driver, the computer visually with a light and voice signal first warns and issues commands about the situation, and when ignoring (inaction) and in emergency cases, independently issues commands to the controls. For example, if there is a danger of the tundra rover overturning, the computer slows down the drive speed of the pneumatic-wheel propellers, the wheels turn to the side of the roll and brake, the plane of rotation of the blades is changed with the swashplate working (pitch, roll), the rotor speed is reset, and in case of a critical roll with the blades being shot, the lateral support wheels, thereby preventing an accident.

Thus, the claimed all-terrain vehicle has a high cross.

Claims (1)

An all-terrain vehicle comprising a cab, a main drive from an internal combustion engine, wide-profile large-diameter pneumatic wheel propulsors mounted on a chassis, and a cargo compartment, characterized in that the pneumatic wheel propellers contain full-profile low and medium pressure tires, and the suspension is made without springs, wide-angle the chassis is made with a multi-track system of arrangement of pneumatic-wheel propulsors on calculated spaced bridges with stabilization of the center of gravity and lateral stability, with the volume of the pneumatic wheels of the second bridge is made slightly ahead of the center of mass, also additionally mounted retractable support wheels are mounted on the frame, an aerodynamic engine is installed between the main engine and the cargo compartment in the center of mass of the vehicle, rigidly connected with the horizontally oriented frame and the power carrier platform of the vehicle a helicopter-type propulsion system with removable emergency-fired blades; a water canal was installed on the transverse beams of the bridges You and the high-speed impeller, the engine compartment, the cabin and the cargo compartment are sealed and made of composite fiberglass materials and carbon fiber, and the supporting elements of the vehicle are made of aluminum and titanium alloys.

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