RU2628362C1 - Hermetic impact detonator for registering and shooting equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.

SUBSTANCE: hermetic impact detonator for registering and shooting equipment contains a striking pin, a cylindrical body, a through axial channel filled with the main charge of blasting explosive of low density. The through axial channel is made three-staged and contains the first part of a small diameter and the second part of a large diameter connected by a conical section. The through axial channel from both sides is covered with a sticky metalized tape; at one end of the housing it is fixed on the thread and fixed with a heat-resistant glue bushing, which has a cylindrical socket with a through hole, closed with a screw cap and fixed with a heat-resistant adhesive. In the socket a striking pin is installed, and a part of the cavity between the striking pin and socket end is filled with the starting charge of the blasting explosive, from the other housing end the second cover is installed on the thread and is fixed with heat-resistant glue, contacting with the sticky metalized tape. The first part of the channel of relatively small diameter has a rough surface with an unevenness height of 160 to 500 mcm. The first part of the small diameter channel may have a rough surface in the form of a thread. The ratio of cross-sectional areas of the second large diameter part and the first small diameter part can be made in the range of 2 to 4. In the starting charge of the blasting explosive, from 25% to 40% of the sensitizer can be introduced. As a sensitizer, quartz sand can be used. As a sensitizer, pounded glass can be used.

EFFECT: invention allows to ensure absolute tightness of the cavities of the detonator under any operating conditions.

6 cl, 12 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to detonating devices that are triggered by mechanical action, for the initiation of detonation in cumulative perforators.

Known analogue of detonators according to patent RU 2225584, IPC F4B 3/10, F42C 19/10, publication date 11/20/2003

This detonating device includes a housing with a sequentially installed transmission charge, a missile barrier and a receiving charge separated by a channel.

Disadvantages: no measures are taken to ensure the tightness of the charge, the protruding part of the striker, which is not protected from mechanical impact, can lead to unauthorized operation of the detonator, is difficult to manufacture. If a low-speed combustion process occurs, then the product may be ejected from the axial channel, since the channel bottom is covered with thin-walled plastic.

Known detonating device from the description of the invention to patent RU 2233428, IPC F42C 19/10, publication date July 27, 2004

In the case of this device, which contains in series a striker, a deformable element, a detonator capsule, an axial channel, a transfer charge, a detonator block, the striker is made stepwise, is mounted freely and fixed on the surface of the deformable element with a nut that is screwed onto the case and having a baffle with a hole, diameter which is equal to the smaller diameter of the stepped cylindrical striker.

Disadvantages: no measures are taken to ensure the tightness of the charge, the protruding part of the striker, which is not protected from mechanical impact, can lead to unauthorized operation of the detonator. Also, the detonator is low-tech and difficult to manufacture. If a low-speed combustion process occurs, product may be ejected from the axial channel, since the channel bottom is covered with thin-walled plastic.

Known detonating device of a mechanical fuse, comprising a body, firing pin, a product of blasting explosive, a cup according to the invention patent RU 2392578, IPC F42C 19/10, publication date 12/27/2009

The disadvantages of this analogue is the unprotected protruding firing pin 2 from unauthorized operation by accidental exposure, a very complex part of the nut 3. A long channel 9 in the housing 1, into which a blasting explosive is pressed in several stages. The cap 9 is separately manufactured and installed in the bottom part. The assembly process is complicated and a complex technological tool is required.

Known shock detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2516600, IPC F42C 19/10, publ. 02/27/2014

This detonator contains a body, a striker, a blasting product of explosives, a cup and differs from the closest analogue in that it is equipped with a cylindrical sleeve located in the housing with a through hole in the center of the bottom and with a cone-shaped extension in the upper part, inside of which there is a striker made with the lower part in the form of a truncated cone, the housing cover, in the upper part of which a recess is made in the form of a truncated cone with a bottom in contact with the striker, the lower part of which is rolled inward by the lower edges of the lot embraces an annular protrusion on the outer side of the case, in the lower part of the case on the cup located below the hole two consecutive blasting explosive products are arranged in series, while the lower half of the blasting explosive product is made of high density with a recess in the upper part in the form of a truncated cone, the upper half of the blasting explosive product is low-density and fills the volume inside the case between the upper part of the lower half of the product of blasting explosive and a circle pressed to the outer side of the bottom of the liner, in the through hole and on the inner side of which there is a sample of hexogen and quartz sand or crushed glass mixed together partially or completely.

Disadvantages:

1. The unreliability of the detonator, due to the fact that the detonation pulse enters through a small opening of a large-diameter channel, there is a breakdown that goes into low-speed combustion, does not go into high-speed combustion in a short channel, and then into explosive detonation, so there’s little pressure push the cup and throw part of the explosive out of the channel, which leads to the failure of the detonator.

2. Low-tech design, requires a special tool, difficult to manufacture.

Known detonator and the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2202765, IPC F42C 19/10, publ. 04/20/2003, prototype.

This detonator comprises a housing with a detonator capsule successively arranged in it made of blasting explosive, with a transfer charge and a detonator, an axial channel made in the housing between the transfer charge and the detonator capsule, and a cylindrical hammer located above the detonator capsule, the housing is made in the form of a sleeve and a sleeve fastened by a nut, the end surface of which is located above the end surface of the striker, and in the sleeve, in the area of the transfer charge, is made radial holes filled with low-melting alloy, wherein the device is provided with a locking element in the form of a cylindrical cap made of hard metal fastened to the outer surface of the sleeve and resting on the striker, mounted freely in the sleeve on the detonator cap.

Disadvantages:

1. The tightness of explosive charges is not ensured, since threaded connections do not provide absolute tightness, and from the ends the charges are completely unprotected.

2. Since the firing pin is covered by a cap 6, which is mounted on the VTO-1 sealant, which can get into the cavity of the lower part of the sleeve 2, thereby reducing the impact on the firing pin.

3. The complexity of the design. Pressing the channel in the housing takes place in several stages, a cap 9 is installed in the lower part of the channel.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the detonator.

Achieved technical result: ensuring absolute tightness of the cavities of the detonator under any operating conditions.

The solution to this problem was achieved in an airtight shock detonator for sighting and explosive equipment containing a striker, a cylindrical body, a through axial channel filled with the main charge of low-density blasting explosive, while the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains the first part of a relatively small diameter and the second part relatively large diameter, connected by a conical section, so that the through axial channel on both sides is closed with a sticky metallized tape, on the one The body of the casing is threaded and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive; a sleeve having a cylindrical socket with a through hole, closed by a thread cover and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive, a firing pin is installed in the nest, and a part of the cavity between the firing pin and the end of the nest is filled with a starting charge of blasting explosive from another the end of the housing is threaded with heat-resistant adhesive, a second cover is installed, which is in contact with a sticky metallized tape, while the first part of the channel with a relatively small diameter has a rough th surface roughness with height from 160 up to 500 microns. The first part of the channel of relatively small diameter may have a rough

surface in the form of a thread. The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of a relatively large diameter and the first part of a relatively small diameter can be performed in the range from 2 to 4. From the starting charge of the blasting explosive can be introduced from 25% to 40% of the sensitizer. As a sensitizer, quartz sand can be used. As a sensitizer, crushed glass can be used.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings (Fig. 1 ... 12), where:

- in FIG. 1 shows an impact detonator,

- in FIG. 2 depicts a housing with metallic adhesive tapes,

- in FIG. 3 shows a sleeve

- in FIG. 4 shows a striker,

- in FIG. 5 shows a cover,

- in FIG. 6 shows a second cover,

- in FIG. 7 shows a first variant of the roughness protrusion in a supersonic flow,

- in FIG. 8 shows a second variant of the protrusion in a supersonic flow,

- in FIG. 9 shows the protrusions in the form of natural roughness,

- in FIG. 10 shows the annular protrusions, the first option,

- in FIG. 11 shows the annular protrusions, the second option,

- in FIG. 12 shows the tabs in the form of a thread.

A sealed shock detonator for sighting and explosive equipment (Fig. 1-12), hereinafter the detonator, contains a cylindrical body 1 and a through axial channel 2. The through axial channel 2 is filled with the main charge 3 of low-density blasting explosive, on both sides of the through axial channel sealed with metallic adhesive tapes 4 and 5 (Fig. 2).

Types of adhesive tape for industrial applications:

Adhesive tape based on metallized foil according to TU 2245-21680878-00302001. The tape is operable at temperatures from -200 ° C to + 200 ° C. This option is most preferred for detonators, as it works well at relatively high temperatures. The remaining tape options below can be applied to detonators operating in less severe temperature conditions.

Packaging tape (STREPP) is a type of adhesive tape that is used for packaging various goods, indispensable for packaging boxes.

 Reinforced adhesive tape (plumbing) is the strongest and most wear-resistant of all, its increased strength and moisture resistance allow it to be used in plumbing and waterproofing works, it is excellent for sealing joints and cracks, joints of pipes of ventilation ducts.

Masking tape (CREP) is a type of self-adhesive tape with a paper base. Aluminum tape is an adhesive tape based on aluminum foil with an acrylic adhesive layer applied to it. The most heat resistant of all adhesive tapes.

Double-sided adhesive tape serves as a substitute for glue, the same adhesive tape, only with a stronger adhesive base.

The through axial channel 2 consists of the first part 6 of small diameter and the second part 7 of large diameter connected by a conical section 8 (figure 2).

To ensure supersonic outflow of combustion products, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of parts 7 and 6 should be performed in the range:

.

.

To ensure the formation of shock waves, the inner surface of the through axial channel 2 is made with a roughness of uneven height from 160 μm to 500 μm, which partially corresponds to the 1st cleanliness class according to GOST 2789-59 (Table 1), the range is from 160 to 320 μm. Roughness with a roughness height in the range from 320 μm to 500 μm can be made in the form of annular grooves or threads (with a thread height of 0.32 to 0.5 mm, covering the second part of the declared roughness range).

The roughness is designed to form a powerful initiating shock wave. The roughness protrusions provide pulsating shock waves in the first part 6 of the small diameter of the through axial channel 2, which accelerates the formation of the shock wave, which goes to the next stage of creating a detonation wave due to the confined space.

The optimal height range of bumps is from 160 to 500 microns. It is justified by the fact that irregularities having a height of less than 160 μm will be within the boundary layer, and compaction jumps will not occur on them.

When the roughness height in the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2, having a diameter of 3 to 4 mm, exceeding 0.5 mm, the channel becomes cluttered over the area and will be about 50% of the cross section, which will complicate the movement of the supersonic jet.

Threads 9 and 10 are made on the cylindrical body 1 to ensure assembly of the detonator with other parts. A sleeve 11 is screwed onto the cylindrical body 1 by a thread 9 and is also fixed with heat-resistant adhesive.

In more detail, the design of the sleeve 11 is shown in Fig.3.

The sleeve 11 has an external thread 12 near the end face 13 and a cylindrical cavity 14 from the end face 15 with an internal thread 16 corresponding to the threaded portion 9 of the cylindrical body 1. The cylindrical cavity 14 has an end face 17 in contact with the cylindrical body 1. A socket 18 is made on the side of the end face 13. also in the form of a cylindrical undercut with an end face 19.

A jumper 20 is formed between the ends 17 and 19. The socket 18 and the cylindrical cavity 14 are connected by an axial hole 21 of small diameter (about 1.5 mm) having a conical bevel 22 at the exit. This axial hole 21 is intended for the exit of exhaust products resulting from the combustion of the starting charge 23 (Fig. 1).

The starting charge 23 is poured into the socket 18 of the sleeve 11. In the socket 18 above the starting charge 23, the striker 24 is installed, made in the form of a cylinder having a conical part 25 (Fig. 4).

From the starting charge 23 of the blasting explosive can be introduced from 25% to 40% of the sensitizer, in particular, quartz sand or crushed glass. Sensitizer increases the sensitivity of high explosive to detonation. The proof of the optimality of the claimed range of the percentage composition of the sensitizer is given in table. 2.

From the table. 2 shows that when the percentage of the sensitizer is less than 25% and more than 40%, it is not effective and does not provide 100 percent response of the detonator.

The cover 26 (Fig. 1) is screwed onto the sleeve 11 along the external thread 12 and is fixed with heat-resistant adhesive. The cover 26 is designed to protect the striker 24 from mechanical influences and thereby keeps the striker 24 from moving, which eliminates the unauthorized operation of the detonator during transportation.

A second cover 27 is screwed onto the cylindrical body 1 by thread 10, which is fixed with heat-resistant adhesive (Fig. 1).

In FIG. 5 shows the construction of the cover 26. The cover 26 is made in the form of a cylinder with an internal cavity 28 of cylindrical shape on the side of one of the ends and an internal thread 29 corresponding to the thread 12. In addition, from the side of the internal cavity 28 near the end 30 there is an additional cavity 31 of smaller diameter for placing the conical part 25 of the striker 24 and the formation of the working wall 32 of a relatively small thickness to protect the striker 24.

In FIG. 6 shows the construction of the second cover 27. It is made of a cylindrical shape with an internal cavity 33 of a cylindrical shape on the side of the end face 34 and an additional cavity 35 of a smaller diameter from the side of the end face 36. An internal thread 37 is made on the side wall of the internal cavity 33, corresponding to thread 10 (Fig. 1 )

In this case, between the cavities 33 and 35, a torn wall 38 is formed.

The following is an additional explanation for choosing the optimal sizes and shapes of the roughness elements of the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2.

The roughness in the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2 is formed by protrusions 39 (FIGS. 7 and 8), while there is an optimum height of these protrusions h. If the height of the protrusion h is less than the thickness of the boundary layer - δ, then the shock wave in the supersonic flow, i.e. when the flow velocity V is greater than M = 1, it does not occur (Fig. 7), but if h> δ, then on the protrusion 39 a shock wave 40 is formed (Fig. 8). The optimal height of the protrusions 39 should be selected from the range:

h = 160-500 microns.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows the protrusions 39 in the form of natural roughness according to GOST 25142-82. Natural roughness with a height of irregularities from 160 to 320 microns causes shock waves.

In FIG. 10 shows the annular protrusions 39, the first option for which:

t = h

Where:

t is the pitch of the protrusions 39,

h is the height of the protrusions 39.

In FIG. 11 shows the annular protrusions 39, the second option, for which:

t> h

In FIG. 12 shows the tabs in the form of a thread. It is advisable to use the thread with the height of the protrusions h = 320-500 microns.

DETONATOR ASSEMBLY

The main charge 3 is poured into the through axial channel 2 (Fig. 1) and sealed with adhesive metallic tape 4 and 5 on both sides. On one end of the cylindrical body 1, on the side of the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2, sleeve 11 is installed along the thread 9 and fixed heat resistant adhesive. The sleeve 11 has a socket 18 of cylindrical shape with an axial hole 21 of small diameter (about 1.5 mm). Before installing the striker 24, a 0.05-0.1 mm thick aluminum foil (not shown) is installed in socket 18 and the starting charge 23 of a blasting explosive is poured into which a sensitizer is added to increase sensitivity. On both sides, the covers 26 and 27 are screwed onto the cylindrical body 1 and the sleeve 11 with the striker 24 installed, and the covers 26 and 27 are screwed onto the threads 12 and 10 and fixed with heat-resistant glue, providing a good connection and tightness.

DETONATOR WORK

The detonator is installed in the socket of the upper adapter, to which the initiating head is screwed, and a perforator is screwed below (the upper adapter, the initiating head and the perforator are not shown in Figs. 1-12).

The hammer is lowered into the well. When the initiating head is triggered, the detonator is triggered, initiating detonation along the explosive chain of the perforator, which descends on the tubing (tubing) (not shown).

When the impact of the striker, the initiating head, on the firing pin 24 (Fig. 1) through the working wall 32 (Fig. 5), the latter moves and there is a high-speed compression of the starting charge 23 of the blasting explosive, causing high-speed combustion.

The combustion products through an axial hole 21 with a diameter of about 1.5 mm penetrate into the through axial channel 2 of the cylindrical body 1 and ignite the main charge 3 of the blasting explosive. The combustion products, passing the first section 6 of the relatively small diameter of the cylindrical body 1, create pulsating shock waves on the protrusions of the roughness.

The discharge of combustion products through the hole of a small diameter into a channel of large diameter most often leads to disruption of the process due to a decrease in pressure, causing low-speed combustion, and the transition to stationary mode does not occur, while the cup covering the bottom part (in the prototype) ejects part of the product, located in the through axial channel. In the proposed detonator this does not happen.

The through axial channel 2 in the proposed detonator consists of a first part 6 of a relatively small diameter and a second part 7 of a relatively large diameter, connected by a conical section 8.

The first part 6 of the through axial channel 2 plays the role of the acceleration section, at the output of which a sufficiently powerful initiating shock pulse is formed, which leads in the second part 7 of a relatively large diameter to high-speed combustion in stationary mode and transition to detonation.

For this, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part 7 - S2 and the first part 6 - S1 (Fig. 2) is made in the range:

.

.

(где М - число Маха).This allows you to get the exhaust velocity of the combustion products from

(where M is the Mach number).

The first part 6 of the through axial channel 2 has a rough surface and, when a high-speed jet passes through it, the so-called shock waves 40 appear (Fig. 8), which briefly block the channel, causing pulsation along the length of the channel, which, in turn, leads to an increase in pressure and temperature in the channel. A sufficient shock pulse arises, which steadily passes through the conical section 8 of the through axial channel 2, and in the second part 7 of a relatively larger diameter, detonation is excited and transitions to the stationary mode. Torn wall 38 of the second cover 27 is torn in the bottom against the axial bore channel 2, and the detonation pulse from the shock detonator is transmitted coaxially mounted detonation transmission device (UPD not shown). The detonation is transmitted from the front end to the detonating cord (not shown), then cumulative charges (not shown) sequentially located.

The use of the invention is allowed through the use of adhesive metallic tape and sealing all threaded joints with heat-resistant adhesive:

- to ensure the tightness of the explosive charge under any conditions, including during long-term transportation, exposure to vibrations,

- create a powerful detonation pulse of the detonator for further operation of the perforation system,

- simplify the assembly of the detonator,

- to ensure the safety of work and to ensure the safety of the detonator itself under unauthorized mechanical impact and due to the lack of initiating substance, to ensure the transportation of detonators together with elements of perforated explosive equipment, i.e. provide complete security.

Claims (6)

1. An airtight shock detonator for sighting and explosive equipment, comprising a striker, a cylindrical body, a through axial channel filled with the main charge of a low-density blasting explosive, wherein the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains a first part of a relatively small diameter and a second part of a relatively large diameter connected by a conical section, characterized in that the through axial channel is closed on both sides by an adhesive metallized tape, one end of the housing is installed about the thread and fixed by heat-resistant adhesive, a sleeve having a cylindrical socket with a through hole, closed by a thread cap and fixed by heat-resistant adhesive, a striker is installed in the socket, and a part of the cavity between the striker and the socket end is filled with a starting explosive charge, from the other end of the case on the thread and secured by heat-resistant adhesive, the second cover in contact with the adhesive metallic tape, while the first part of the channel of relatively small diameter has a rough surface a roughness with a roughness height of 160 to 500 microns. 2. An airtight shock detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first part of the channel of relatively small diameter has a rough surface in the form of a thread. 3. The sealed shock detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of the relatively large diameter and the first part of the relatively small diameter is made in the range from 2 to 4. 4. The pressurized shock detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that from 25% to 40% of the sensitizer is introduced into the composition of the starting charge of the blasting explosive. 5. The pressurized shock detonator according to claim 4, characterized in that quartz sand is used as a sensitizer. 6. The pressurized shock detonator according to claim 4, characterized in that ground glass is used as a sensitizer.

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