RU2613456C1 - Upper sieve for cleaning combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry. The upper sieve for cleaning the grain combine harvester comprises two segments of adjusted comb blinds forming the main zone of the sieve 1 and an extension cord 2. At the end of the extension cord 2 in the corner areas there are windows 3 closed with grids 4, forming zones of lowered resistance to air flow. The grids 4 closing the windows 3 are formed by transverse inclined plates 5 fixedly mounted at an angle of 30-50° to the extension cord 2 plane. The upper sieve for cleaning the grain combine harvester enables to reduce tailing losses behind the extension cord 2 of the upper sieve and to ensure easy removal of light straw fraction beyond the cleaning area.

EFFECT: invention promotes to cleaning.

9 cl, 7 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for combine harvesters.

State of the art

As you know, the intensity of separation of grain heaps depends on the intensity of the air flow. However, the intensification of the flow created by the fan, for example, during the harvesting of wet or puny raw materials, often leads to an increase in the loss losses beyond the extension of the upper sieve.

Numerous design solutions are known aimed at increasing the intensity of separation of grain heaps by regulating air flows and their redistribution along the length and area of the sieve (see patents RU 2289234, op. 20.12.2006, patent RU 2314673, op. 20.01.2008, patent RU 2487525, op. 07.20.2013).

However, the higher the aerodynamic characteristics of the sieve, providing the height of the heap of grain heap, improving its separation, the greater the likelihood of carrying unfinished grain mass beyond the sieve extension.

It is known to clean a combine harvester (see patent RU 2273126, IPC: A01F 12/44, A01D 41/12, publ. 04/10/2006) containing a shaking board, a fan, upper and lower louvres. In the well-known cleaning, the mentioned problem of similar losses is solved by installing unregulated guide boards under the upper sieve, an adjustable guide board under its extension and a rotary damper under the lower sieve. Installation of special guiding elements: boards, boards, dampers, provides the ability to control the magnitude and direction of the air flow under the extension of the upper sieve to reduce losses behind it. The disadvantage of this solution is the significant weighting of the cleaning design.

A known combine harvester (patent SU 1367911 IPC: A01F 12/44, publ. 23.01.88), the cleaning of which includes an upper sieve with an extension made with longitudinally oriented blinds in the rear. To reduce the loss of loss, especially when working in areas of high humidity and when harvesting crops that are difficult to grind, when an increased number of under-thinned spikelets comes in for cleaning, the longitudinal blinds are fully opened. The air rising through the large openings at the rear of the extension cord forms a kind of wall that prevents the under-hammer from being carried out of the extension cord.

A significant drawback of this design is that a vertically rising air stream not only delays under-thinned spikelets, but also prevents further movement of the cleaned straw part of the heap, contributing to its reverse casting under the drum.

Another drawback of this solution is the increased outflow of air mass from under the sieve to the extension holes forming a low resistance zone, which causes a decrease in pressure under the sieve and leads to a decrease in the height of the grain heap, and therefore to a decrease in the efficiency of its separation.

As the closest analogue, by the presence of design features similar to those of the claimed technical solution, the design of the upper sieve for cleaning the combine harvester, disclosed in patent DE 3720696, IPC: A01F 12/00, A01D 41/12, publ. 07/28/1988 According to the materials of the mentioned patent, the upper louvre sieve contains two sections of adjustable comb louvres, which form the main zone of the sieve and the extension. At the end of the extension cord in its corner zones, opening windows are formed, closed by finger gratings forming sections of reduced resistance in the path of the air flow.

The amplified air flow passing through the windows along the edges of the extension cord contributes to the formation of a rarefaction zone in its middle part. Here, the force of the air flows drops sharply, which leads to the inhibition of the grain mass moving over the sieve and prevents its passage behind the extension.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the same as the previous one. A strong vertical air flow in the window area prevents the removal of the cleaned straw mass, contributes to its reverse casting under the drum. The increased outflow of air masses to the extension windows worsens the rise and loosening of the grain heap in the central part of the sieve.

Disclosure of invention

The developers of the sieve design had the following tasks: without reducing the flight height of the grain heap in the separation zone, to ensure attenuation of the air flow on the extension cord to prevent under-thinned ears from being taken out of the sieve and at the same time to bring the light straw fraction out of the cleaning area, not allowing it to be thrown back .

The aforementioned technical problems are solved due to the fact that the design of the upper sieve for cleaning the combine harvester, which contains two sections of adjustable comb louvres, which form the main zone of the sieve and the extension cord, at the end of which windows are formed in the corner zones, closed by gratings that form zones of reduced resistance to air flow, according to the claimed invention, the closing windows of the grate are formed by transverse (to the direction of movement of the grain heap and the longitudinal axis of the sieve) inclined plates fixedly mounted at an angle of 30-50 ° to the plane of the extension cord.

As in the prototype, the closing windows of the grating are characterized by relatively large, in relation to the rest of the surface of the extension, through holes through which the air flow passes at a higher speed, meeting less resistance, which contributes to the creation of a rarefaction zone in the middle of the extension.

A significant difference from the closest analogue is the execution of gratings in the form of transverse blinds formed by inclined plates rigidly fixed at an angle of 35-50 ° to the extension plane. The latter refers to the plane in which the axis of the combs (lamellas) of the extension cord lie.

Unlike the finger grating in the prototype, the inclined plates partially cover the passage holes and create a certain resistance for the air flow passing through the windows, helping to reduce its speed. The magnitude of the created resistance is comparable with the resistance in the middle part of the sieve with the louvers fully open, which contributes to a uniform distribution of pressure and eliminates the "mass" outflow of air to the windows, which as a result allows you to save the height of the grain heap above the sieve in the central part and ensure its intensity separation.

At the same time, the obtained difference in the velocities of the air flows exiting through the windows along the edges of the extension cord and passing through the blinds in its middle part is sufficient to form a rarefaction zone in the middle part of the extension cord necessary for braking the mass moving over the sieve. In the rarefaction zone, the air flow velocity drops sharply, which leads to the loss of heavy parts and under-thinned spikelets from the heap on the extension cord.

At the same time, the inclined plates of the gratings give direction to the air flow coming out from under them, deflecting it at an angle of 30-50 ° back, i.e. in the direction coinciding with the direction of movement of the heap, which contributes to the removal of light straw fraction outside the sieve and excludes its reversal in the opposite direction, which occurs in the closest analogue.

Another positive result is that the inclined plates of the gratings delay the cleaned grain that wakes up on the extension, which, hitting the inclined surface of the plates, bounces in the opposite direction and slides through the gaps down into the hopper, which also helps to reduce losses.

Thus, the aforementioned set of essential structural features of the proposed technical solution provides a combination of positive technical results, namely: a reduction in the loss rate behind the top sieve extender while maintaining a high separation intensity of the grain heap and ensuring that the light straw fraction is removed beyond the cleaning range.

The proposed sieve is distinguished by its simplicity of design, manufacturability and low weight, due to the fact that there are no additional regulatory elements (guide boards, boards, etc.).

Due to the fact that the closing windows of the grating do not contain movable elements, their high rigidity and rigidity of the entire sieve construction is ensured, which is important when working in conditions of constant vibration.

The distance between two adjacent inclined plates of the gratings is preferably 17-19 mm.

In one embodiment of the sieve, the closing windows of the sieve can be fixedly mounted, i.e. rigidly fixed in the supporting frame.

In another case of a specific design, the closing windows of the grating can be installed with the possibility of opening them, for example, by hinging. The articulation of the grids is more preferable since allows to facilitate the maintenance of the lower sieve, which is performed in this case through open window openings.

It is preferable to place each window in the space between the longitudinal beam of the frame and the longitudinal divider closest to it. This placement allows you to increase the manufacturability of the design, to simplify the manufacturing process of the sieve.

In some cases, it is advisable to divide the comb blinds of the main sieve zone into two or more groups and perform each group of lamellas with an independent regulation mechanism, which allows expanding the possibilities of regulating air flows on the sieve.

In one example of a specific embodiment of the sieve, the comb louvres of the main zone and the extension are mounted in one common supporting frame.

In this case, if necessary, the sieve frame can be divided along the longitudinal axis into two parts and made detachable along the separation line. In this case, comb sections of both sections (main zone and extension cord) and one of the windows are placed in each part of the frame.

In another example of a specific embodiment, the comb blinds of the main zone and the extension cord can be mounted in separate frames, rigidly or articulated.

The detachable design (along the length or width of the sieve) simplifies the production, transportation and maintenance of the sieve.

Examples of the use of the proposed technical solution in sieves of various designs are shown in the drawings:

In FIG. 1 - louvre sieve, example 1, General view, isometry.

In FIG. 2 - louvre sieve, example 2, general view, isometry.

In FIG. 3 - louvre sieve, example 3, General view, isometry.

In FIG. 4 - a component of the sieve according to example 3.

In FIG. 5 - lattice, plan view.

In FIG. 6 is a section A-A of FIG. 5.

решета.In FIG. 7 - the work of the sieve in cleaning the combine harvester and a graph of the distribution of the height h of the flight of the heap along the length

sieve.

The implementation of the invention

The upper sieve for cleaning the combine harvester (see Fig. 1-3) contains two sections 1 and 2 of independently adjustable comb louvres, which form the main zone of the sieve and the extension, respectively. Section 1 of the main zone of the sieve can be further divided into groups (I and II), each of which is also performed with an independent mechanism for regulating the opening of the blinds.

At the end of the extension cord 2, windows 3 are formed in the corner zones, closed by gratings 4 formed by transverse plates 5, fixedly fixed at an angle α of 30-50 ° to the plane of the extension cord.

Plate 5 may have a different design. As the plates 5, comb sieves of blinds of the sieve (see Fig. 1-4), flat combs (for example, shown in Fig. 5-6) or even ordinary plates can be used. Usually, they follow the principle of unification and use plates used as extension lamellas.

The distance s between adjacent plates 5 of the gratings 4 corresponds to the maximum opening of the comb louvres of the main zone of the sieve and is 17-19 mm.

The area of each window 3 is small and is approximately 10-20% of the area of the extension cord or 2-6% of the area of the sieve.

In FIG. 1 shows a louvre sieve (example 1), in which there are no obvious signs of dividing the sieve into sections, because comb blinds of the main zone of the sieve 1 and extension 2 are placed in one common supporting frame 6.

This design is typical for long sieves used in combines John Deere 9760 STS, Torum, Polesie KZS-1218, etc.

In FIG. 2 shows a sieve (Example 2), in which the comb louvres of the extension cord and the main zone are located in separate bearing frames 7 and 8, respectively, which can be rigidly or articulated. The movable connection of the load-bearing frames provides wider possibilities for regulating air flows by changing the angle of inclination of the extension cord relative to the main zone of the sieve. This design of sieves is typical for combines DON, Acros, YENISEI.

In FIG. 3 shows a sieve (example 3) having a composite frame 9, detachable along the longitudinal axis, consisting of two parts 9 'and 9' '. This design is typical for sieves having a large length and a relatively large width, for example, the sieve of a Torum 740 PP combine. Dividing the sieve along the length makes it easier to manufacture, transport and service.

In FIG. 4 it can be seen that in each of the parts 9 'and 9' 'of the frame, in this case, comb blinds of both sections 1 and 2 of the sieve and one of the windows 3 are placed.

In all the examples cited, windows 3 are located in the space between the corresponding longitudinal beam of the frame and the nearest longitudinal divider 10, which is technologically most expedient.

In the examples given, the closing windows 3 of the grating 4 are installed in the sieve frame with the possibility of opening, which is most preferable, since in this case, the maintenance of the lower sieve is greatly facilitated.

Moreover, the above examples do not exclude the possibility of fixed installation of gratings. In the simplest case, the gratings 4 can be formed by transverse plates 5, rigidly fixed directly to the frame of the sieve.

More technologically advanced is the placement of the transverse plates 5 in a separate carrier frame 11, which is then installed in the frame (6-9) of the sieve, rigidly or articulated (see Fig. 5-6).

On the one hand, hinges 12 are fixed on the frame 11, which serve to be fixed in the sieve frame, and on the other hand, a hole 13 is made, which serves to enable the frame to be fixed in the working position. Through the hole 13 of the frame 11, translated into the closed operating position, a rod (pin) 14 is passed, fixed at one end in the sieve frame (6-9) and made with a thread on the free end. A nut 15 is screwed onto the rod 14 from above, preventing the opening of the frame 11 during operation.

Before starting work, it is checked whether the grids 4 are closed and fixed, the blinds of the sieve are adjusted accordingly, taking into account the features of the forthcoming work, for example, the increased humidity of the harvested crops.

The combs at the beginning of the sieve (group I) are usually covered to extend the air flow from the fan and direct it to the central part of the sieve, where the main separation takes place. Here the blinds (group II) open as much as possible.

On the extension cord, 2 blinds are covered, but not completely, which is necessary to capture the waking up grain and large parts (spikelets) that are displayed on the hammer.

The sieve installed in the sieve mill for cleaning the combine harvester (see Fig. 7), operates as follows.

The grain heap comes from the threshing device 16 to the shaking board 17 and then to the upper louvre sieve 18. Under the influence of the sieve mill and air flow from the fan 19, the grain heap moves along the sieve, and it separates: grain and small straw particles fall through the open the blinds to the lower sieve (not shown), where they are finally separated, and the unfinished spikelets, floor and large straw particles are moved to the end of the upper sieve 18.

The intensity of the air flow of the fan and the high aerodynamic properties of the sieve provide a large height h of raising the grain heap above the sieve in its central part corresponding to the separation phase, which ensures high efficiency of separation of the heap.

Lattices 4, open more than the other combs of the extension 2, form sections of reduced resistance to air flow, which is easier in these sections and therefore has a high speed. Due to the enhanced air outlet through the grilles 4 along the edges of the extension 2, a rarefaction zone is formed in its middle part. The air flow rate here drops sharply, which leads to a decrease in the height h of the straw mass moving over the sieve (see the graph of Fig. 7), from which heavy parts and unfinished spikelets fall on the extension cord 2. (The dotted line on the graph shows the trajectory of the movement of the grain mass in the absence of windows, i.e., on a conventional extension).

The pulling of under-thinned spikelets into the rarefaction zone in the middle part of the extension cord is clearly visible to the naked eye during cleaning operation with a sieve of the proposed design.

At the same time, light straw fractions purified from grain continue to move due to the fact that the air flow coming out from under the inclined plates 5 of the grids 4 is directed along the direction of the straw mass, which contributes to its further removal beyond the limits of cleaning. A weakened but directed airflow is enough to carry light straw behind the extension cord.

Inclined plates 5 perform the functions of traps that ensure the collection of refined grain falling out of the heap, which, bouncing off the surface of the plates 5, falls into the gaps between them or the combs of the blinds.

The grilles 4 on the windows 3 form blinds corresponding to the maximum open blinds in the main zone 1 of the sieve, so that the pressure under the sieve is evenly distributed and the outflow of air from under the sieve to the extension is eliminated.

Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution allows to reduce the loss immediately after the extension of the upper sieve, to prevent the removal of punctured grains or seed plants of grasses that are light and heavy, without reducing the height of the pile and its separation efficiency, as well as to ensure the removal of light straw fraction beyond cleaning.

The use of sieves of the proposed design can significantly increase the performance of the combine.

The proposed sieves can be used both on newly commercially available combines and previously released without any modifications to their design.

Claims (9)

1. The upper sieve for cleaning the combine harvester, containing two sections of adjustable comb louvres forming the main zone of the sieve and an extension cord, at the end of which windows are formed in the corner zones, closed by gratings forming zones of reduced resistance to air flow, characterized in that the closing windows of the grate are formed transverse inclined plates fixedly fixed at an angle of 30-50 ° to the plane of the extension cord. 2. The sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between adjacent inclined plates of the gratings is 17-19 mm. 3. The sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing windows of the grating are fixedly mounted. 4. The sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing windows of the grating are installed with the possibility of opening them. 5. The sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the windows is placed in the space between the longitudinal beam of the frame and the longitudinal separator closest to it. 6. Sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb louvres of the main zone of the sieve are divided along its length into at least two groups, each of which is made with an independent regulation mechanism. 7. The sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb louvres of the main zone of the sieve and the extension cord are located in one common frame. 8. The sieve according to claim 7, characterized in that the frame is divided along the longitudinal axis into two parts and is made detachable along the separation line. 9. The sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb louvres of the main zone of the sieve and extension cord are placed in separate frames, rigidly or articulated.

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