RU2612213C2 - Method of growing plants and structure for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to greenhouse plant growing and can be used for plant cultivation. Structure to grow plants includes a building with a greenhouse. To implement the method of growing plants in a building with a greenhouse seeds are sown into a nutrient medium in sterilized pots. Sowing is performed by a sowing device. Seeds are germinated in the pots in a germinating device. Germination is controlled. Pots with germinated seeds are located on trays. Trays are moved onto a belt. With the help of an elevator the trays on the belt are moved from the bottom of the building to the beginning of the belt at the top of the building. Harvest is got in using a harvesting machine. After harvesting the pots with the nutrient medium are sterilized.

EFFECT: ensured are minimized power consumption and reduced area for plant cultivation.

19 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Technical field

This invention relates to a method for growing plants in a tower greenhouse and design for its implementation. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for growing plants industrially in a tower greenhouse and structures for its implementation.

Prior art

The problem with urban arrays is that food grown and harvested in other regions and countries travels long distances to consumers in cities. In connection with this transportation of food, energy is expended and congestion on roads in cities is added. Another problem is that greenhouses are usually located far from urban areas, so the money of urban consumers go to pay the cost of transportation and storage of food.

Hence, growing food crops in tower greenhouses in cities will help reduce both the degree of environmental pollution caused by transportation and transportation costs, as food will be grown in close proximity to consumers. Moreover, tower greenhouses are compact and will be adapted to expanding cities in which there is a lack of free space. In addition to this, tower greenhouses will be built in close proximity to consumers; as a result, agricultural products will be delivered fresh and at a lower price.

Patent document US 3432965 provides information on an apparatus for growing plants in nutrient solutions for automatic germination of seeds, growth of agricultural products and their collection. The main disadvantage of this apparatus is that it is not suitable for the industrial production of plants and crops in urban areas, since the area of germination of crops is very limited, which is confirmed by specific examples. Moreover, the examples, as well as the formulas, clearly illustrate that many containers storing seeds are connected to a pair of parallel and opposite parts, and that the containers are transported horizontally along these parts. However, the main disadvantage of this system is that the distance between parallel parts is limited, and this system, therefore, is not suitable for tall plants. It follows that this system is not applicable for growing plants and crops of all sizes. In addition, the horizontal conveyor system is inflexible and provides means for transporting plants over long distances vertically and diagonally, which makes this system vulnerable in case of failure of the horizontal conveyor system. Moreover, the apparatus for growing plants in nutrient solutions is not modified for integration into compact tower greenhouses, since the apparatus for growing plants in nutrient solutions uses horizontal means of transporting containers. It is noteworthy that the apparatus for growing plants in nutrient solutions is not even proposed to integrate or connect to any type of greenhouse. Another disadvantage is that the seeds are not sown in pots, which makes this system inflexible, since seeds that have not germinated cannot be removed effectively. Another disadvantage is that the pots are not sterilized after harvesting together with the nutrient medium; it follows that the method of waste reduction is not shown in US 3432965.

Patent Application WO 2010/138027 describes a conveyor system and method for transporting containers. The system and method mainly involves the movement of containers with plants in greenhouses for their cultivation. However, this document does not (i) disclose any specific methods and designs for growing plants, (ii) show a cultivation system in which the pots are sterilized together with a nutrient medium to reduce waste, and (iii) describe the use of pumice for growing plants . Moreover, the greenhouse described in WO 2010/138027 does not include a metering device, a germination device, a device for moving pots to and / or from trays, a lift that moves the pot trays with sprouted seeds to the starting position on top of the tape, a sterilizing device , as well as additional equipment for the production of biogas. More importantly, the transport of the trays is inflexible because it depends on the transport device, and any other means of transporting the trays along and / or between the belts have not been described.

In patent application US 2009/0307973 A1 describes a vertically integrated greenhouse that provides a food production system in buildings and which can be installed on a double facade. Trays with plants are located and attached to the hanging system of the trays, to which the trays are adjustable mounted one above the other in vertical parallel rows and which can be raised or lowered vertically. However, the main disadvantage of this system is that the distance between the trays should be increased due to the germination of plants, which limits the number of trays in circulation. It follows that this system is not suitable for the industrial cultivation of plants and crops.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An important objective of this invention is the provision of a flexible and automated method and design for growing plants of all sizes, as well as providing a higher area for the growth of crops and, thus, providing funds for the industrial production of crops.

The aim of this invention is to provide a method and design for energy-efficient plant growth.

Another objective of this invention is the provision of a method and design for the industrial cultivation of plants that require a minimum area and minimum energy costs. At least one of these objectives provides a method and design according to the independent claims.

Additional benefits are provided according to the features of the dependent claims.

The method according to the invention for growing plants includes steps for sowing seeds in a nutrient medium in sterilized pots using a metering device and allowing the plants to germinate in the germination device. Pots are automatically moved around the greenhouse to allow the germinated seeds to grow into seedlings, from which they are then harvested using a harvesting machine. After collection, the pots are sterilized together with the nutrient medium in a sterilizing device to obtain sterilized pots with a nutrient medium. The method allows you to effectively grow plants and can be carried out with minimal human intervention. Without changing the nutrient medium, but, instead, by sterilizing the pot with the nutrient medium, the waste with this method is significantly reduced compared to traditional methods.

The culture medium that was lost during harvesting can be re-filled before sowing.

The culture medium may be any culture medium that is suitable for reuse after sterilization without removal from the pot. The preferred nutrient medium is pumice stone, which unexpectedly turned out to be very convenient for use in the method according to the invention.

The size of the pumice stone affects its suitability for growing plants. A suitable practical pumice size for growing vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, Japanese cabbage, topped with chrysanthemum and many other vegetable crops is 0.5-3 mm. This pumice is sold under the brand name Hekla green. The bulk of the pumice stone preferably has a size of 0.5-3 mm. Pots should have a predominantly square shape when viewed from above. This is the preferred form for working with automatic devices.

The height, width and length of the pots should be in the range of 0.03-0.3 meters, preferably 0.05-0.2 meters, and most preferably in the range of 0.07-0.12 meters. With such dimensions, a significant amount of culture medium may be contained in the pot for growing the above plants. It is preferable not to exceed the dimensions mentioned, since this will lead to an increase in the weight that needs to be transported by the system and therefore will lead to an increase in energy consumption. Moreover, it is desirable that the pots do not exceed the size in height, because the supply of plants with water can become more difficult if the pots are too high. If the pots are too tall, they cannot absorb water from below.

Pots should have at least two opposite walls with a slight slope so that the cross-sectional area of the pots decreases towards the bottom of the pots. This simplifies the separation of the pots from the support.

Pots with sprouted seeds should preferably be placed in trays. Thus, a large number of pots can be controlled in a simpler way. Pots placed in the trays should preferably have the aforementioned walls inclined for ease of separation from the trays.

Pots can be separated from the trays before germination, but after sterilization, so that the trays are sterilized simultaneously with the pots. After separating the pots from the trays, the pots should be placed close to each other during sowing and germination. This saves space and, therefore, reduces the cost of pot processing devices during sowing and germination. During sowing and germination, seedlings should not go beyond the pot. During growth, seedlings can grow outside the pot, creating the need to place pots at a distance from each other. The trays can have a tapering width towards the bottom, which will correspond to the width of the pots. Possessing appropriate forms of pots and trays, pots will be well supported in trays.

The trays should be elongated along the length axis and designed to place the pots in one row along the length axis. With only one row of pots located in the trays, the distance between the pots can vary one-dimensionally during the germination of plants, which allows you to adjust the size between the pots, as a function of the size of the trays during germination. This allows you to use the space in the greenhouse more efficiently. An alternative is the possibility of having trays in which more than one row of pots can be placed.

The method may also include the step, before placing the pots in trays, controlling seed germination in the pots and placing only the pots with sprouted plants in the trays. This is an important step to optimize the performance of the method. In this case, pots without plants will not be transported through the greenhouse.

The method may include the step of using a greenhouse with a tape including at least two essentially parallel beams for supporting the trays, the tape of which has a shape similar to a spiral on which the trays are arranged to move so that they are exposed to sunlight. When using this kind of greenhouses, the efficient use of land is ensured, which is an advantage of this method for use in an urban environment.

The method may include the use of a greenhouse in which the trays on the tapes are arranged with axes of length perpendicular to the beams of the tapes. This is an advantage because the distance between the pots in one direction can easily adapt to the size of the plants.

The method may also include periodically watering the plants through the trays, according to which the pots and trays are arranged so that the nutrient medium in the pots absorbs water in the trays. This is a simple way of watering plants, since the nutrient medium in pots absorbs the required amount of water.

The method may include the step of providing trays with a bottom with a slope of 0.5-2 degrees horizontally. On trays with a sloping bottom, water will drain along the tray. Thus, all pots in the tray will be provided with water. The sloping bottom will also avoid the formation of standing puddles in which microbes and bacteria develop.

Sterilization is carried out by heating pots with a nutrient medium. Heat sterilization avoids the use of chemicals, which can be considered an advantage.

Heating must be done using steam. Using steam is an easy way to sterilize the medium, pot and tray.

An alternative is microwave heating to heat the remainder of the water in the pots, thereby heating the medium and pots. This is a quick and effective way to heat the nutrient medium.

The period of time during which the pots are heated can be chosen so as to kill the bulk of the bacteria.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structure for plant cultivation, the elements of which include: a metering device for sowing seeds in a nutrient medium located in pots; germination device for seed germination in pots; a greenhouse so that the germinated seeds are grown to seedlings; means of moving pots through the greenhouse; a harvesting machine for harvesting from grown seedlings; a sterilizing device for sterilizing pots with a nutrient medium after collection to obtain sterilized pots with a nutrient medium.

The construction according to the second aspect of the invention provides for the efficient growth of seedlings and can function with minimal human intervention. Without changing the nutrient medium, but instead sterilizing the pot with the nutrient medium, the waste with this method is significantly reduced compared to traditional methods.

The design may include a spacing device (for example, a device for moving pots) for placing pots in trays along the length axis. By placing pots in trays, you can minimize the size of the pots and therefore the weight of the nutrient medium by conducting a stable placement of the pots during germination.

The trays can have a tapering width towards the bottom, which corresponds to the width of the pots. When the pots and elbows are arranged this way, the pots are well supported by the trays and will also be easy to detach due to the decreasing width of the pots. Jamming of pots in trays is prevented due to the decreasing width of the pot.

The trays can be extended to accommodate one row of pots in the tray along the length axis. With such trays, the distance between the trays, and therefore the pots, can vary.

The conveyance means may include a belt including at least two, basically parallel beams for supporting the trays, the belt of which may have a shape resembling a spiral, as well as at least one transport device that can be moved along the belt and which includes a tray moving apparatus, which after passing the tray with plants, it moves at least one tray one step along the belt, therefore, the transport device moves containers gradually along the belt while moving along the belt. These moving aids require limited power since only a small number of trays move at a time. An alternative is that the conveyance means may include standard conveyor belts that will move the trays.

An alternative embodiment provides that the tape can be divided into several sections of the tape connected by means of connecting the tapes, such as, for example, a hoist. Sections of tapes can be horizontal.

Tapes can be used to place trays on the tape with axes of length perpendicular to the beam beams. When placing trays in this way, the distance between the pots can easily vary in one direction.

The tape can have a slope of 0.5-2 degrees horizontally, which will avoid the formation of water residue at the bottom of the trays. Therefore, the pots should be provided with water, providing water at the upper end. Then the water will drain down the tray and fall into the pots. The nutrient medium in the pots will absorb water, and the remaining water will be poured out of the tray through the hole located at the lower end of the tray.

The design may include irrigation means installed to periodically supply water to the trays on the highest side of the tray. By periodically supplying water to the trays, watering can be done more economically.

Irrigation means may include pipes located at a distance corresponding to the step length of the gradual movement of the trays. Therefore, the trays are moved to positions corresponding to the positions of the pipes.

The design should also include a system for the continuous cleaning of excess water that flows from the openings in the trays. Excess water must pass through a mechanical filter to separate parts of the plants and pumice from the water. A biological filter, including zeolite and pumice, can be used to purify water from infectious agents and metabolites. The second mechanical filter can be used to separate particles of zeolite and pumice from water that has been purified in a biological filter. A UV filter can also be used if necessary. Excess water that has passed through several filters is collected in buffer tanks. The recirculated excess water is mixed with nutrient, fertilizer and fresh water, and then pumped back to the appropriate parts of the placement system.

The design must be integrated or connected to the biogas plant, so that the organic waste from the collection is transported to the biogas plant, and the biological nutrients from the biogas production are transported to the means for sowing seeds in pots. Such integration of a biogas plant provides mutual benefits by providing a way to distribute waste from one process to another.

The design should also include means for verifying seed germination in pots. Such means may include a camera connected to a computer. Thanks to these tools, pots, the seeds of which have not sprouted, will be returned to the sowing device. In this way, design efficiency can be optimized.

Trays can include a unique identification label, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) or barcode, and the scanning devices must be placed in different parts of the structure. It follows that the movement of the trays along a section of the tape, as well as between one section of the tape and another section of the tape below, can be monitored and controlled.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The following preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

In FIG. 1 schematically, partially in cross section, shows a structure for industrial plant growth.

In FIG. 2 shows in cross section the floor of the structure shown in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 is a partially cross-sectional view of a structure for industrial plant growth according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a plant growing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process for germinating seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the tray and the mechanism for placing and / or detaching pots from the tray.

In FIG. 7 schematically shows a device for germinating seeds in pots.

In FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a tray of pots that are used in a process for growing plants according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an image of the tray and pots shown in FIG. 8, unassembled.

In FIG. 10 schematically shows a sweeper that is used for the method and construction according to the invention.

In FIG. 11, a cross-sectional view of a tape for placing trays of pots and plants according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

In FIG. 12, a tape for displaying trays of pots and plants according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is displayed.

Description of preferred embodiments of the invention

In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, the same reference numbers will be used for similar characteristics in different figures. It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale.

In FIG. 1 partially shows in cross-section a structure according to an embodiment of the invention in the form of a building 1 for industrial plant growing. The main part of the building is the greenhouse 2, in which two parallel strips 3, 3ʹ are placed to support the trays (Fig. 3). Tapes 3, 3ʹ have a shape resembling a two-sided spiral, trays (Fig. 3) are located to move from the top of the building to the bottom of the building so that the plants are exposed to sunlight. Tapes 3, 3ʹ can include up to four parallel sections of the tape (14). The sowing apparatus, germination device, sweeper and sterilizing device (Fig. 2) are located at the bottom of building 1. Building 1 also includes a lift 4 for moving trays from the bottom of the building to the beginning of the belt at the top of building 1.

In FIG. 2 shows in cross section the bottom of the building shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2 shows how the tapes get to the lower floor of building 1. The trays then pass through a sweeper 5 and a sterilizing device 6. Then the pots are disconnected from the trays and pass through a seeding device 7 and a germination device 8 before the pots are placed in the trays and raised to the top of the building using a lift 4.

In FIG. 3, partially in cross-section, an industrial plant growing building 1 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the greenhouse includes a tape 3 with several sections of tape 14 with an axis of length 15 for accommodating the trays 9. The sections of the tape are connected to the connecting means of the tapes 18, each of which has an axis of length 19 and which connects the sections of the tape 14. The trays 9 are elongated along the length axis 16 to place the pots 17 in one row along the axis of the length 16 of the tray. The nutrient medium in which the seedlings grow is in pots 17. Portions of the tape 14 are arranged to accommodate the trays 9 with axes of length 16 perpendicular to the axes of length 15 of the sections of tapes 14. In the shown embodiment of the invention, the connecting means of the tapes includes straight channels 18 at an angle with the axes of length 19, in which the channels 18 are arranged for transporting the trays 9 with axes of length 16 parallel to their conveying direction. Rectilinear channels 18 are installed to slide the trays down (diagonally) from one section of tape 14 to another section of tape 14 below. Moreover, an embodiment of the invention also provides flexible means for trays for avoiding obstacles or stopping on a transportation route, for example, caused by a failure of the vertical transportation route of the elevator, providing means for diagonally transporting the trays in the greenhouse.

Irrigation means in the form of water drain holes 10, of which only three are shown, are provided for periodically supplying water to the trays 9 in sections of the belt 14. Water drain holes 10 are placed at a distance corresponding to the planned step 12 between the trays 9. Thus, each tray 9 is provided water every time. The interval between the time when the trays 9 are supplied with water is adapted to the vegetable crop in the pots 17 of the trays 9. The description of the arrangement of the trays on the tape is also valid for the embodiment of the invention in FIG. one.

The greenhouses described above are preferred embodiments of the greenhouses in accordance with the claims. At the same time, in accordance with the claims, it is possible to use any other type of greenhouse in which plants move automatically.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows a plant growing structure 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a plant growing process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The design and method will be described later. The nutrient medium in the pots 17 can be any suitable for repeated cultivation of plants, so that new seeds can be sown in pots after harvest without the need for changing the nutrient medium. A suitable nutrient medium is pumice. There are many sources of pumice, and it can have various properties. A suitable particle size of pumice for growing vegetables such as Peking cabbage, Japanese cabbage, topped with chrysanthemum and many other vegetables is 0.5-3 mm. This pumice is sold under the brand name Hekla green. A suitable volume of culture medium is about 0.5-1 liter. Pots and trays are described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 8 and 9.

Pots with a nutrient medium are sent to the sowing apparatus 7, in which the seeds are sown in a nutrient medium in pots. This corresponds to step 32 in FIG. 3. The sowing apparatus 7 may be a machine, for example a robot, which places the seeds in a nutrient medium and pours enough water into it. In the sowing apparatus 7, the nutrient medium in the pots can also be supplemented with nutrients and fertilizers to improve the growth of seedlings.

As an alternative, the metering unit can only be partially automated. Sowing seeds can be done manually by the person controlling the sowing apparatus. As a result, the sowing apparatus can perform only part of the sowing operations.

After sowing, the pots 17 are transferred automatically or manually to the germination device 8, in which the sown seeds are germinated. This corresponds to step 33 in FIG. 3. In the germination apparatus 8, temperature and humidity are optimized to improve germination, and the pots 17 can also be watered at suitable time intervals. The temperature and humidity in the germination apparatus 8 are maintained at a level suitable for germinating specific seeds. Pots 17 are kept in the germination device 8 for a predetermined period of time after which they are moved manually or automatically to the controls 24.

In the controls, 24 pots are inspected manually or using an automated system using a digital camera 23 to determine if seeds have sprouted. Pots 17, in which the seeds have not sprouted, are sent back to the filling station 21, and pots 17, in which the seeds have sprouted, are sent to the spreader 25 (for example, a device for moving pots).

In the arrangement device 25 (for example, a device for moving pots), the pots are placed in one row on the elongated trays 9. Pots 17 are placed in the trays 9 manually or automatically. Then, the trays 9 are moved to the greenhouse 2.

In greenhouse 2, the trays move automatically along the 3, 3ʹ ribbons as described above to allow the sprouted seeds to grow to seedlings. This corresponds to step 34 in FIG. 3. The tape in the greenhouse extends from the beginning, which is preferably located at the top of the greenhouse, to the end, which is preferably located at the bottom of the greenhouse. By setting the slope of the tape from start to finish, gravity will help move the trays along the tape. The tape in the greenhouse 2 is described in more detail using FIG. 11 and 12. During movement in the greenhouse 2, pumice in the pots is poured with water by periodically supplying water to the trays 9 in which the pots 17 are installed. The pots 17 are placed so that the pumice in the pots 17 absorbs water from the trays 9.

After passing the greenhouse, the plants are ready to harvest, and are sent to a harvesting machine 5, in which the grown crop is harvested. This corresponds to step 35 in FIG. 5. The crop is carefully checked before harvest to determine compliance with predetermined requirements for size and / or quality. Verification can be done automatically, using a camera connected to a computer, which can determine the size and color of the crop from images from the camera. Crop that does not meet predetermined requirements is preferably sent to a biogas plant 28, which is preferably part or directly connected to mechanism 1. Harvested crops can be packaged and sold in a device that is part of mechanism 1. Alternatively, the crop is packaged and transported. to a point of sale, such as a supermarket.

After harvesting on the trays 9, the pots 17 and the nutrient medium in the pots 17 are sterilized by moving the trays and pots with the nutrient medium into the sterilizing device 6, in which the trays and pots are exposed to steam. After the sterilizing device, the trays 9 are moved through a cooling device 30, in which the trays 9, pots 17 and the nutrient medium are cooled. After the trays 9 have cooled, the trays 9 are transferred to a separation device 40, in which the pots 17 are removed from the trays 9 and transferred to the metering apparatus 7 described above.

In FIG. 6 shows a separation device 40 or, alternatively, an arrangement 25 (for example, a device for moving pots) designed to move the pots 17 to and from tray 9. The devices 25, 40 are robots 42. In the separation device, the robot 42 moves the sterilized pots 17 from the trays 9 and places them on the pallet 41. In a positioning device (for example, a device for moving pots), the robot 42 moves the pots 17 with sprouted seeds from the pallet 41 to the tray 17.

In FIG. 7 shows a germination device 8 in which pallets 41 with trays 9 are transported for germination.

In FIG. 8 shows a cross section of a tray 9 with pots 17 with plants 32.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a tray 9 with pots 17 and plants 32. As shown in FIG. 7, the tray consists of a bottom 44 and a cover 45. Holes 34 for receiving pots 17 are made to the cover. Water tanks 56 are made on both sides of the tray 8.

In FIG. 10 shows a particular embodiment of a harvesting machine 5, regarded as a harvesting apparatus 46 for harvesting the harvested crop 43. Three parallel conveyor belts 47 move the trays 9 with plants 43 to the harvesting apparatus 46. Empty trays are moved from the harvester to the second conveyor belt 48. The harvested crop is transported on a third conveyor belt 49. A chamber 50 is installed to check the harvested crop. Alternatively, a camera may be installed to check the crop in trays before harvesting. The sterilizing device 6 can be performed as part of a cleaning apparatus 46.

In FIG. 11 shows in more detail the cross section of the tape 14 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Tape 14 consists of a first beam 51 and a second beam 52. A tray 9 with a number of pots 17 is supported by a first beam 51 on one side of the tray 9 and a second beam 52 on the other side of the tray 9. The transport device 53 moves along the first beam 51 and is an apparatus moving the tray 55, which after the passage of the tray 9 moves it one step along the portion of the tape 14. In the first beam 51 holes are made to drain the water 10. Pots 17 in which seedlings 43 grow are placed in the trays 9.

In FIG. 12 shows in more detail a cross section of a portion of a tape 14 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention. Only differences between the embodiments of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. The portion of tape 14 is a third beam 54 on which the transport device 53 is mounted. In addition, the second beam 52 supports the tray 9 between the edges of the tray 9.

Claims (38)

1. A method of growing plants (43) in a building (1) having a greenhouse (2), comprising the following steps: sowing seeds in a nutrient medium in sterilized pots (17) using a sowing apparatus (7), where the sowing apparatus (7) also provides watering, the addition of nutrients and / or fertilizers to the nutrient medium, germination of seeds in pots (17) in a germination device (8), control of seed germination in pots (17), arrangement of only pots (17) with sprouted seeds on trays (9) with a length axis (16) using a device for moving pots (25), moving the trays (9) to a section (14) of one of several parallel tapes 3, 3 'using a hoist (4), where the trays (9) move from the bottom of the building to the beginning of the tape section (14) at the top of the building (1), automatic movement of pots in the greenhouse (2) for the growth of sprouted seeds in seedlings (43), where the greenhouse consists of at least two parallel tapes 3, 3 'for moving the trays (9) from the beginning, at the top of the building (1), down, moving the trays (9) supported by the first beam (51) and the second beam (52) through the greenhouse (2) using a conveyor belt characterized by a transport device (53) with a tray moving device (55) that moves along the first beam (51 ) and moves the tray (9) one step along the portion of the belt (14) after passing the tray (9), the transport device (53) at the same time moves the trays (9) gradually along the portion of the tape (14) while passing through the tape (14) , the trays slide from one section of the tape (14) to another section of the tape (14) down by means of a connection of tapes (18) installed as diagonally inclined channels with an axis of length (19), where these means of connection of tapes (18) connect the end of the upper section of the tape (14) with the initial part of the section of the tape (14) located below, harvesting the grown crop (43) using a harvesting machine (5), and sterilization of pots with a nutrient medium in a sterilizing device (6) after harvesting to obtain sterilized pots (17) with a nutrient medium. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the seeds are sown on Wednesday in pots (17), which have at least two opposite walls with a slight slope, so that the cross-sectional area of the pots (17) decreases towards the bottom of the pots (17) , the pots (17) are placed in trays (9) having a tapering width towards the bottom, which will correspond to the width of the pots (17), the trays (9) are elongated along the length axis (16) and are designed to accommodate the pots (17) in one row on the tray (9) along the length axis (16), these trays (9) are located on the tape (14) so that their length axis (16) would be whether perpendicular to the beams (51, 52) of the tape (14). 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the step of intermediate watering the plants (43) by periodically supplying water to the trays (9), where the pots (17) and trays (9) are installed so that the nutrient medium in the pots (17) absorbs water from the trays (9), as well as the step of preventing water accumulation at the bottom of the trays (9), the bottom of which is made with a slope of 0.5-2 degrees horizontally, while the remaining water flows from the tray through an opening made in the lower edge tray. 4. The method of claim 3, comprising the steps of continuously cleaning and recycling excess water that flows from openings in trays where excess water passes through (i) a mechanical filter to separate parts of the plants and nutrient medium from the water, (ii) a biological filter comprising zeolite and pumice for water purification from pathogens of infections and metabolites, (iii) a second mechanical filter for separating particles of zeolite and culture medium from water purified by a biological filter, and / or (iv) a UV filter in which excess water passed through several to filter, collected and then mixed with a nutrient fertilizer and / or fresh water, and then pumped back into the building (1) for irrigation of plants and ensuring nutrient and fertilizer. 5. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, in which the step of verifying that the seeds in the pots (17) have sprouted involves the use of automated controls (24) using a digital camera (23) connected to a computer. 6. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, including the step of collecting the grown crop (43) using a harvesting machine (5) with a harvesting apparatus (46), where three parallel conveyor belts (47) move the trays (9) with plants (43) into the harvesting apparatus (46 ), in which empty trays are removed from the harvester on the second conveyor belt (48), and the harvested crop is transported on the third conveyor belt (49), while the camera (50) connected to the computer serves to check the harvested crop and determine its size and colors. 7. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, in which the organic waste after checking the crop, including the crop that does not meet the established requirements, is transported to the biogas plant (28), and the biological nutrients from the biogas production are transported to the sowing apparatus (7). 8. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, including the step of sterilizing the pots with nutrient medium (17) using a sterilizing device (6), in which the trays and pots are exposed to steam, and the trays (9) then pass through a cooling device (30), where the trays (9) ), the pots (17) and the nutrient medium are cooled and transported to a separation device (40), in which the pots (17) are removed from the trays (9) and transferred to the metering unit (7). 9. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, in which sterilization is carried out using microwave radiation to heat the residual water in the pots, and, therefore, heating the nutrient medium and pots. 10. Design (1) for growing plants (43) in the form of a building (1) with a greenhouse (2), characterized in that it is equipped with a metering device (7) for sowing seeds in a nutrient medium in pots (17), where a metering device (7) is also provided for supplying water, a nutrient and / or fertilizer to a nutrient medium, germination device (8) for seed germination in pots (17), controls (24) for determining seed germination, a device for moving pots (25), placing pots (17) in trays (9) along the length axis (16), the elevator (4) to move the trays (9) to sections (14) of the parallel tapes 3 and 3 ', where the elevator (4) moves the trays (9) from the bottom of the building to the initial position of the tape section (14) at the top of the building (1), a greenhouse (2) so that the sprouted seeds grow to seedlings (43), where the greenhouse includes two parallel tapes 3 and 3 'to move the trays (9) from the initial position to the final, means of transporting the trays (9) through the greenhouse (2), where the means for moving the trays (9) includes a section of tape (14) consisting of the first beam (51) and the second beam (52), the tray (9) is supported by beams, a transport device ( 53), passing along the first beam (51), includes a tray moving device (55), which, after passing through the tray (9), moves the tray (9) one step forward along the section of the belt (14), thus, the transport device ( 53) gradually moves the trays (9) along the portion of the tape (14) during the course along the portion of the tape (14), means for connecting tapes (18) installed as inclined channels with an axis of length (19), where the channels are designed to transport trays (9) along their length axes (16) parallel to the direction of transportation, where these means for connecting tapes (18) are installed for sliding the trays from one section of the tape (14) to another section of the tape (14) below and where the indicated means for connecting the tapes (18) connect the end part of the upper section of the tape (14) with the initial part of the section of tape (14) located below a harvesting machine (5) for collecting the grown crop (43), and, a sterilizing device (6) for sterilizing pots (17) with a nutrient medium after collection to provide sterilized pots (17) with a nutrient medium. 11. The construction according to claim 10, where the pots (17) have at least two opposite walls that are slightly inclined so that the cross-sectional area of the pots (17) decreases to the bottom of the pots (17); the trays (9) have a decreasing width to the bottom, which corresponds to the width of the pots (17); trays (9) are elongated to accommodate one row of pots (17) along the length axis (16); the tape section (14) is designed to accommodate the trays (9) on the tape section (14) along their length axes (16) perpendicular to the beams (51, 52) of the tape section (14). 12. Design (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 10. 11, in which the irrigation means are installed to periodically provide the trays (9) with water from the highest side, the tape section (14) has an angle of 0.5-2 degrees relative to the horizontal, which prevents water retention at the bottom of the trays (9), and residual water flows from the tray through the hole provided at the bottom of the tray. 13. The construction according to claim 12, in which the irrigation means include pipes (10) located at a distance corresponding to the length of the steps of the gradual movement of the trays (9). 14. The structure of claim 12, including means for continuously cleaning and recycling excess water that flows from openings in trays where excess water passes through mechanical filters, biological filters and / or UV filters, excess water passing through the filters is collected and then mixed with a nutrient, fertilizer and / or fresh water, and then pumped back into building (1) to water and provide plants with a nutrient and fertilizer. 15. Design according to any one of paragraphs. 10, 11, where the controls (24) to verify that the seeds in the pots (17) have sprouted include an automated system using a digital camera (23) connected to a computer. 16. Design according to any one of paragraphs. 10, 11, in which the harvesting machine (5) includes a harvesting apparatus (46) for collecting the grown crop (43), where three parallel conveyor belts (47) move the trays (9) with plants (43) into the harvesting apparatus (46), empty trays are removed from the harvester on the second conveyor belt (48), the harvested crop is transported on the third conveyor belt (49), and a camera (50) is provided for checking the harvested crop to determine its size and color. 17. Design according to any one of paragraphs. 10, 11, where the organic waste after checking the crop, including the crop that does not meet the established requirements, is transported to the biogas plant (28), built-in or connected to the mechanism (1), and the biological nutrients from the biogas production are transported to sowing apparatus (7) for sowing seeds. 18. Design according to any one of paragraphs. 10, 11, including a sterilizing device (6) in which the trays and pots are exposed to steam, and a cooling device (30) in which the sterilized trays (9), pots (17) and the nutrient medium are cooled, as well as a separation device (40 ), by means of which the pots (17) are removed from the trays (9) and transferred to the metering unit (7). 19. Design according to any one of paragraphs. 10, 11, where the sterilizing device includes a microwave source to use microwave radiation to heat the residual water in the pots, and thus heat the medium and pots.

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