RU2601754C1 - Detergent for cleaning solid surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemical treatment of surfaces and articles made from metal, wood and plastic and can be used, in particular, in rubber industry for cleaning of moulds from rubber scale formed during vulcanisation of rubber articles made from rubber based on natural and synthetic rubber. Proposed detergent for cleaning solid surfaces consists of following components, vol%: potassium hydroxide (in terms of active substance) - 5.0-30.0, trilon B - 5.0-6.0, cellosolve - 2.0-4.0, surfactant - 1.5-2.0, alkali metal metasilicate - 8.0-15.0 ethanolamine - 2.0-5.0, water - balance.

EFFECT: development of a universal detergent with high degree of cleaning, wider range of detergents for various surfaces.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to chemical treatment of the surface of products, in particular to solutions for cleaning molds from carbon deposits resulting from the vulcanization of rubber products made of rubber based on natural and synthetic rubbers, and can be used in various industries for cleaning the surface of wood and plastic .

Known aqueous solutions for cleaning molds from carbon deposits of rubber, including alkali, surfactant and inhibitory additive (RU 1705413, publ. 15.01.1992, RU 2005773, publ. 15.01.1995, RU 2080413, publ. 27.05.1997) .

A disadvantage of the known solutions is their aggressiveness to the material from which the molds are made at a temperature of 50-80 ° C, causing etching of not only the rubber deposit, but also the surface of the mold itself.

Known detergent composition containing anionic surfactants such as sulfonate and / or sulfate and water, and the components of the composition are taken in the following ratio, weight. %: amorphous alkali metal silicate - 15-80, anionic surfactants - 0.5-30, water - the rest, while the molar ratio of M ₂ O (where M is an alkali metal) and SiO ₂ in silicate is 1: 1 5-1: 3.3. The composition can be processed with liquid components, which are components of detergents or detergents, in particular non-ionic surfactants (RU 2168542, publ. 09.01.1996).

The disadvantages of this tool are the low washing ability, especially when reused, which is impossible without separation of the water and carbon layers using bulky sumps and flotators, as well as a short shelf life due to the active change in chemical and physical properties over time.

It is also known detergent containing, by weight. %: anionic surfactant - 5-18, nonionic surfactant - 2-7, sodium tripolyphosphate - 10-30, liquid glass - 1-8, optical brightener - 0.1-0.5, perfume - 0 , 1-0.5, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and butyl methacrylate with carboxyl groups neutralized by ammonia - 0.5-5.0, inorganic and organic additives, including sodium perborate, sodium sulfate, soda ash and carboxymethyl cellulose - 25-30, water - up to 100 (RU No. 1509398, publ. 23.09.1989).

The disadvantage of this detergent is also its low washing ability, especially when reused, as it is highly soluble in petroleum products: from 3-5% in light fuels and up to 20% or more in fuel oils. Moreover, in an aqueous medium, with its sufficient alkalinity, up to 10% of hydrocarbons and their derivatives can remain in a stable emulsified state. Its disadvantage is the short shelf life due to the active change in chemical and physical properties over time, in addition, the safety of products subjected to cleaning is not ensured.

A known composition for washing metal surfaces from tightly bound contaminants, containing a chlorinated hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon solvent, a nonionic surfactant (sulfonol) and ethanolamine, as a hydrocarbon solvent it contains a mixture of turpentine with white spirit and / or gasoline, as a nonionic surface -active substance - a mixture of ethoxylated synthetic fatty alcohols, as ethanolamine - monoethanolamine and additionally sodium phosphate, sodium silicate and water, etc. and the following ratio of components, wt. %: chlorinated hydrocarbon - 10-40; a mixture of turpentine with white spirit and / or gasoline - 10-30; sodium phosphate - 0.2-5; monoethanolamine - 0.1-10; sodium silicate - 0.1-1; a mixture of ethoxylated synthetic fatty alcohols - 0.05-2; sulfonol - 0.05-2 and water - the rest (RU No. 2036963, publ. 09.06.1995).

The disadvantage of this detergent is its low washing ability, which decreases with repeated use.

These known detergent compositions used in aqueous solutions form stable stable emulsions that can be separated by increasing the time, surface treatment temperature and alkalinity of the solutions, however, this leads to an increase in energy consumption and a harmful load on the environment.

The closest detergent for metal surfaces from soot and organic compounds is a detergent containing anionic and nonionic surfactants, an organic solvent, caustic soda, Trilon B, a dye and water, and it contains butyl cellosolve as an organic solvent, and thymolphthalein as a dye, as an anionic surfactant, N-methylpyrrolidone, and as a nonionic surfactant, one substance from the group consisting of syntanol and neonol (RU 2306330, publ. 09/20/2007 - prototype).

The specified components of the detergent contains the following volume content,%:

N-methylpyrrolidone 1-10 syntanol or neonol 1-20 butyl cellosolve 1-16 sodium hydroxide (in terms of pure active substance) 1-9 Trilon B 0.4-0.6 thymolphthalein 0.04-0.06 water rest

Detergent properties are determined by the ingredients that make up its composition. The above components provide the proposed tool with high cleaning and washing properties that persist after repeated reuse, while the physical and chemical properties of the composition during storage do not change for 12 months.

The specified composition has limited use and is effective only when washing heavy contaminants of petroleum products, for example, coked oil, fuel oil, etc., from the surface of parts of various equipment, but is ineffective in cleaning the metal surface of equipment from carbon deposits of organic origin, wood and plastic surfaces.

An object of the invention is to create an effective universal detergent and expanding the range of detergents for various surfaces.

The technical result, which provides a solution to the problem, is to expand the range of washable contaminants from surfaces of various origins, to increase the washing ability of the detergent composition, preserved during repeated use.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed detergent contains potassium hydroxide, Trilon B, cellosolve, surfactant, water and additionally an alkali metal metasilicate and ethanolamine in the following volumetric content of ingredients:

potassium hydroxide 5.0-30.0 Trilon B 5.0-6.0 cellosolve 2.0-4.0 Surfactant 1.5-2.0 alkali metal metasilicate 8.0-15.0 ethanolamine 2.0-5.0 water rest

moreover, it contains butyl cellosolve or ethyl cellosolve as cellosolve, sulfonol as surfactant, monoethanolamine as ethanolamine or triethanolamine, sodium metasilicate or potassium metasilicate as alkali metal metasilicate.

Caustic potassium, which is part of the proposed detergent (KOH chemical formula, colorless crystals that enhance the washing action, in addition, soften and loosen the surface), complies with GOST - 24363-80.

As a complexing agent, ensuring the compatibility of the components used, the agent includes the ion-coagulant Trilon B. Chemical formula: C ₁₀ H ₁₄ N ₂ Na ₂ O ₈ * 2H ₂ O (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt). Appearance: white crystalline powder. Its action is based on the "extraction" of metal ions (and regardless of the valency of the metal) from insoluble metal salts and their replacement with sodium ions, almost all of which are soluble in water. 1 molecule of Trilon B reacts with 1 metal molecule. Trilon B is not an oxidizing agent and does not interact with metals (which are in the zero oxidation state). Trilon B corresponds to GOST 10652.

As an anionic surfactant, the composition of the product includes sulfonol - alkylbenzenesulfonate, a mixture of isomers of sodium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids with the general formula C ₆ H ₄ NaO ₃ S, where R is the radical corresponding to the general formula C _n H _2n + ₁ , where n = 14 -eighteen. The sulfonol used is manufactured in accordance with TU 2481-135-07510508-2007 and is a colorless liquid soluble in water and all organic solvents. Helps reduce surface and interfacial tension.

As an organic solvent, which also ensures the compatibility of the components used, the composition of the product includes butyl cellosolve - a simple ethylene glycol monoester having the formula: C ₄ H ₉ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH, manufactured according to TU 6-01-646-84, or ethyl cellosolve.

Ethyl cellosolve is a monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol having the formula: CH ₅ OS ₂ H ₄ OH, helps to dissolve fatty contaminants, it is soluble in water. It is made in accordance with GOST 8313-88.

The alkali metal metasilicate Na ₂ OSiO ₂ included in the proposed cleaning product complies with TU 2145-001-52257004 2002, GOST 13079-93, helps to increase the anticorrosive effect on the metal surface being cleaned.

Ethanolamine complies with TU 2423-168-00203335-2007.

Drinking water in accordance with GOST Ρ 51593.

The proposed washing solution is prepared according to the content of these components according to TU 2383-003-54330351-2015 as follows: potassium hydroxide is previously dissolved in water and trilon B and metasilicate are poured into the resulting solution with constant stirring and cooling, and the remaining components are added without stopping mixing.

The resulting detergent composition is a liquid product from light yellow to light brown in color, soluble in water, in alcohols in any ratio, forming slightly alkaline solutions.

For washing hard surfaces of various origins, both concentrated and 10% solution are used (depending on the degree of contamination and the surface itself).

The product to be cleaned is immersed in the prepared solution (solution temperature 60 ° C) for 30-40 minutes, after which it is removed, washed with water.

Or, the resulting concentrated solution is applied to a product heated to 110-130 ° C (or to the surface of the product). Stand for 15-20 minutes. Then wash off with water.

The above components provide the proposed cleaning agent with high cleaning, washing properties.

The washing ability of the proposed tool is determined by the method of OST 6-15-1662-90 (according to TU 2389-003-54330351-2015).

The method is based on the gravimetric determination of the mass of removed artificial pollution for a certain time (GOST 16-523 grade 08 KP).

Steel plates 30 * 60 mm in size are placed in tanks with the test solution and shaken on a vibrator for 10 minutes at 28-32 ° С. After shaking, rinse with distilled water.

The effectiveness of the washing action was evaluated by the value of X,%, calculated by the formula:

где

Where

X is the degree of purification,%;

P ₀ is the mass of the plate after testing with a residual contaminant, g;

P ₁ - mass of the plate with the pollutant, g;

P ₂ - the mass of the cleaned, fat-free plate, g.

Limit values of the content of components in the composition of the proposed detergent justified experimentally.

It was found that when the content of the components is less than the lower limits, the washing ability of the proposed product sharply decreases, and when the content is above the upper limits, there is no further increase in the washing and cleaning properties, but the tool is more expensive.

A significant difference between the proposed detergent from the prototype is the presence in its composition of an alkali metal metasilicate and ethanolamine with the following ingredients, vol. %:

potassium hydroxide (in terms of the active substance) 5.0-30.0 Trilon B 5.0-6.0 anionic surfactant 1.5-2.0 cellosolve 2.0-4.0 alkali metal metasilicate 8.0-15.0 ethanolamine 2.0-5.0 water rest

moreover, the product contains ethyl cellosolve or butyl cellosolve as cellosolve, the product contains sulfonol as the anionic surfactant, potassium metasilicate or sodium metasilicate as the alkali metal metasilicate, and monoethanolamine or triethanolamine as the ethanolamine.

The combination of the ingredients of the detergent composition within the claimed limits allowed us to obtain a synergistic effect, consisting in the fact that the combination provides a fairly complete separation of the aqueous and carbon media. After separation of the layers, coagulants and flocculants are not removed with the hydrocarbon layer, but remain in the aqueous solution, maintaining their effectiveness, which allows the purified product to be sent not to regeneration or discharge, but to recycling for further (re) use.

When washing surfaces from various types of contaminants due to the small surface tension of this product, it penetrates between the pollution layer and the surface being washed, creating a wedging effect. The washing ability of the proposed product, equal to over 90%, is not lost with time, and in the case of freezing of the concentrate, the product restores its washing ability after defrosting.

In addition, it was found that the remaining film on a metal surface after processing the metal surface with the proposed aqueous solution has an anti-corrosion ability, which eliminates the operation for additional protection of the washed metal surfaces.

The industrial applicability of the proposed detergent cleaning solution is confirmed by examples.

Example 1

The components (vol.%) Are loaded into a reactor equipped with a stirrer in a certain sequence: KOH - 20, Trilon B - 5, sulfonol - 1.5, ethyl cellosolve - 2.0, sodium metasilicate - 8.0, triethanolamine - 2.0 , water is the rest, and at 40.0 ° C they are mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

50-100 ml of the resulting composition is dissolved in 1 liter of warm water and evenly applied to the treated surface of a metal plate or immersed in the processed product in a solution. Severe dirt can be presoaked with undiluted. After 3-30 minutes, the product is rinsed abundantly with water using mechanical (brush) or hydraulic action (especially when processing industrial equipment). The cleaning ability of this composition is 90-92%.

The remaining test results of the proposed detergent cleaning solution for cleaning molds are presented in the table.

Claims (5)

1. Detergent for cleaning hard surfaces from organic contaminants, including caustic potassium, Trilon B, cellosolve, surfactant and water, characterized in that the tool further comprises an alkali metal metasilicate and ethanolamine with the following ingredients, vol. %:
potassium hydroxide (in terms of the active substance) 5.0-30.0 Trilon B 5.0-6.0 cellosolve 2.0-4.0 surface-active substance 1.5-2.0 alkali metal metasilicate 8.0-15.0 ethanolamine 2.0-5.0 water rest 2. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that as cellosolve it contains butyl cellosolve or ethyl cellosolve. 3. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains sulfonol as a surfactant. 4. A detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains monoethanolamine or triethanolamine as ethanolamine. 5. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that as the alkali metal metasilicate it contains potassium metasilicate or sodium metasilicate.