RU2699832C1 - Method for fire protection of vehicle and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protective devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of protecting a moving vehicle from fire in case of ignition of an energy carrier in a fuel tank. In order to achieve the result, the design of the fuel tank fixation is proposed, which allows reliably dropping it in case of fire using a method of dropping by means of vehicle sudden braking.

EFFECT: high reliability of said protection.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of preventing a fire (explosion) of an object in cases of ignition of an energy carrier in the fuel tank of a vehicle.

A known method of extinguishing a fire using portable fire extinguishers carried on vehicles [1]. The main advantage of this method is the ease of actuation and reliability.

The disadvantage of this method is that when a source of energy ignites in a tank in some cases (for example, if a vehicle is ignited as a result of a terrorist act, traffic accident, etc.), it is often not possible to use its regular fire extinguishers at the initial stage of the spread of fire .

A known aircraft rescue system having in-flight-controlled connectors of the wing consoles, which performs the additional function of a fuel tank; keel; steering wheels and engine nacelles. If it is necessary to increase the speed of the aircraft or, for example, in case of fire, the wing fuel tanks and engines can be “shot back” using microcharges located in the connectors [2].

The disadvantage of this method is that to prevent damage to parts, components and systems of the aircraft when detaching the consoles, if they are located on the same horizontal with elevators, the pilot should sharply lower the nose of the aircraft before opening, and raise the nacelles. Changing the orientation of the aircraft to discard its elements in the horizontal plane of the stated goals will not reach. For land transport, changing the spatial orientation of the horizontal axis of the vehicle in the vertical plane is not possible, and in the horizontal plane it is limited by the dimensions of the carriageway.

There is a method of protecting a vehicle from fire or explosion by shooting (discarding) the fuel tank at a safe (from the point of view of the spread of fire) distance from the car using a group of devices and mechanisms that comprise a squib [3].

The method includes the following processes:

1. Initiation of a signal of ignition (explosion) of fuel tanks using tracking sensors.

2. Conversion of the initiated signal into an executive signal and its supply to the igniter of the fuel line cut-off, unfastening the fuel tank and shooting the fuel tank.

3. Cutting off the fuel line of the fuel supply from the fuel tank and its overlap.

4. Unfastening the fuel tank after a period of time relative to the cutoff time of the fuel line.

5. Shooting (discarding, throwing) of the fuel tank at a safe distance from the vehicle after a period of time relative to the time of unfastening of the fuel tank.

This method is adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the method are:

- high material consumption and complexity of the device for its implementation, in connection with a large number of parts, components and mechanisms;

- the fuel tank is discarded in an explosive way, the squibs of the device require complex maintenance rules and strict implementation of safety precautions when handling;

- dropping the fuel tank at right angles to the trajectory of its movement causes a tipping moment, which reduces the stability of the vehicle, especially with negative transverse slopes of the roadway (bends, slopes), or cornering (under the action of centrifugal force in the direction of the tipping moment) - in the final account - reliability;

- bringing the vehicle to a technically sound condition after firing requires significant expenditures of forces and means;

- enemy firepower when using the vehicle for military purposes under conditions of unlawful interference with its movement can damage parts and components of the device, cause the squibs to fire without dropping the fuel tank, thereby only intensifying the burning process of the vehicle.

- for the implementation of the method requires material-intensive structural processing of the base vehicle model. Therefore, the prototype has a low reliability.

The aim of the proposed group of inventions is to increase the reliability of protection of the vehicle from fire by quickly removing the ignited fuel tank at an angle to the direction of travel at a safe distance from the vehicle by creating a deceleration by the driver, causing a decrease in vehicle speed compared to the speed of the fuel tank along the guide to a value sufficient to drop.

The proposed method of protecting a vehicle from fire includes the following processes:

1. Switching the fuel supply system to the power from the spare fuel tank.

2. Unfastening the side of the fuel tank guide.

3. Turn the fuel tank guide to the drop angle.

4. Release the clamps securing the fuel tank.

5. A sharp decrease in the speed of the vehicle, so that the steady deceleration reduces its speed compared with the speed of the fuel tank along the guide by an amount sufficient to drop the fuel tank at a horizontal angle to the direction of travel of the vehicle to a safe distance.

The claimed method is implemented by a device for its implementation.

Knockback devices are known. Known emergency tool designed to ensure the safety of the crew and the car itself in a head-on collision. It is made in the form of two catapults. Each of them is an initiating device in the form of a spring-loaded rod mounted on the bumper of the car with a tip for the capsule of the pyro cartridge operating in a collision, and an actuating device in the form of a cylinder, in the rod of which the initiating device head is located [4].

The disadvantage of the rescue vehicle is that the ignition source is structurally (inseparable) interfaced with the base object, therefore its burning (explosion) will cause the vehicle to burn.

A device is known that incorporates an initiating device that is turned on by the driver and which, through sensors located on the fuel tank, when it ignites (explodes), initiates, amplifies and transmits a signal to the igniters of the actuator pyrocartridges. The actuator is a mechanism for firing off and shutting off the fuel line from the fuel tank to the consumers of the vehicle’s fuel supply system in the form of a mechanical device that disconnects the fuel line when the igniter is triggered and, with the help of the shut-off valve in it, prevents fuel spills. The actuator also includes a mechanism for unlocking the fuel tank in the form of locks, which, when the squib is triggered, open the upper and lower ends of the band clamps of the tank mount before it is shot. The actuator also includes a firing mechanism, including a guide frame in which the tank is located on the rollers and the base plate pushing it when the igniter is triggered [3].

This device is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is its low reliability.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings, presented on:

- FIG. 1 is a side view of the device (dashed line indicates the position of the fuel tank clamps in the drop position);

- FIG. 2 - device in working position (top view);

- FIG. 3 - fuel tank guide in working position (side view);

- FIG. 4 - section along "AA" - securing the upper end of the clamp on the longitudinal beam of the fuel tank guide (the dashed line shows the position of the clamps of the fuel tank securing in the drop position);

- FIG. 5 - connection diagram of the main and spare fuel tanks;

- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a device;

- FIG. 7 - the device in the throwing position (top view);

- FIG. 8 - fuel tank guide in the drop position (side view);

The proposed device for protecting a vehicle from fire contains: a fuel tank guide, a fuel tank fastening mechanism, a rotary mechanism, additional fuel cells, a control unit.

The device has two positions:

- working position when the vehicle is used for its intended purpose;

- drop position when the fuel tank is ready to drop to the side (at an angle to the direction of travel of the vehicle).

The guide of the fuel tank 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) is a spatial L-shaped design of two rectangular frames rigidly conjugated at right angles.

The vertical frame includes vertical posts 2, the upper horizontal beam 3 and the lower horizontal beam 4, made of rigid structural material (for example, rolled metal of a rectangular solid or box section), which are interconnected, for example, by welding and form a rigid lattice structure. The lower horizontal beam 4 of the vertical frame is simultaneously the left longitudinal beam of the horizontal frame. The lower right longitudinal beam 5 is rigidly coupled to the beam 4 by means of crossbars 6 and forms a lattice frame. In the rack 2 and the cross member 6 from the inner side are placed supporting balls 7, protruding above their surface with the possibility of rotation in their nests. In the horizontal beam 5, through holes 8 are made of rectangular cross section with dimensions larger than the cross section of the mounting clamps. For example, the eyes 9 are fastened coaxially to the first rack 2 of the fuel tank 1 guide, and, for example, the eyes 11 and the pressure arm 12 are fixed to the longitudinal beam 10 of the vehicle frame. The vertical axis 13 is inserted and fixed into the holes of the eyes 9 and 11. The dimensions of the eyes 9 and 11 in the working position provide a gap between the beam 10 of the vehicle frame and the vertical frame of the guide of the fuel tank 1. The last two posts 2 of the vertical frame of the guide are rigidly (for example, by welding) are interfaced flat thin wall support plate 14 (FIG. 3) forming a support surface for the pivoting mechanism of the power element. The guide of the fuel tank 1 in the working position is fixed using an electromagnetic lock 15, the core of which is inserted into the locking hole 16, made in the wall of the last vertical rack 2 of the guide of the fuel tank 1. The fuel tank 1 of the vehicle in the working position is placed in the cavity formed by the frames of the guide and rests on the bottom of the balls 7 cross members 6 and racks 2.

The fuel tank mounting mechanism 1 includes flat band clamps 17 made of an elastic structural material, for example, steel. The upper ends of the clamps 17 attached spring spiral shape. They are rigidly (for example, using a screw connection) without the possibility of rotation are stored in the slots of the axes 18 of the brackets 19 (Fig. 4), attached (for example, by welding) to the shelf of the upper horizontal beam 3. To the lower ends of the clamps 17 (Fig. 1 , 2, 3) cylindrical cups 20 are rigidly attached to the bottom of which servo springs 21 are also rigidly attached from the inside so that the band of the clamp 17 is located inside the servo spring 21. In the working position, the lower ends to overcome the bending elastic properties of the clamps 17 are inserted into the holes 8 of the lower th horizontal beam 5, which records the electromagnetic locks 23, which cores are introduced into the holes 22 formed in the lower clamps 17. Servopruzhiny terminals 21 are thus compressed, and the clamps 17 in a pre-stressed state.

The rotary mechanism includes a power element in the form of a soft cylindrical corrugated closed shell 24, which is attached by the ends on one side to the wall of the longitudinal beam 10 of the vehicle frame, and on the other, to the plate 14 outside the guide of the fuel tank 1; three-position electromagnetic air valve 25; limiter 26 rotation guide. The limiter 26 is made in the form of a strong (for example, steel) chain and has a fixed length that provides such a maximum angle of rotation of the guide so that the fuel tank 1 is discarded unhindered (without touching parts and components of the vehicle). The limiter 26 is fixed at one end to the eye of the beam 10 of the vehicle frame, and the other to the eye of the last rack 2 of the guide. The air valve 25 (with a safety valve adjusted to the calculated air pressure) has three operating positions: “O” - the cavity of the shell 24 communicates with a source of compressed air (compressor, receiver) of the base machine and does not communicate with the atmosphere; "Z" - the cavity of the shell 24 is not in communication with the source of compressed air and with the atmosphere; "B" - the cavity of the shell 24 communicates with the atmosphere and does not communicate with a source of compressed air. In the operating position (the air from the cavity of the shell 24 is released, the electromagnetic air valve 25 is turned on in position “Z”), the corrugated shell 24 is compressed and is located between the beam 10 and the plate 14 of the guide of the fuel tank 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 3).

Additional fuel cells (Fig. 1, 2, 5) contain: fuel pipes 27, shut-off valves 28, spare fuel tank 29, fuel valve 30. Fuel pipes 27 are made of a cylindrical helical shape made of soft elastic material (for example, rubber reinforced metal cord), on the one hand, are put on the discharge and drain fuel lines of the fuel supply line of the vehicle’s fuel system, on the other hand, on the ends of the fuel lines entering directly into the fuel tank 1 and are fixed with clamps on both sides. Shut-off spring ball valves 28 are installed in front of the fuel pipes 27 in the fuel lines. If the vehicle does not have a second fuel tank and a valve for switching tanks, a spare fuel tank 29 of a known design and an electromagnetic fuel valve 29 are switched on to switch the fuel supply system from the main fuel tank 1 to the spare fuel tank 28. The electromagnetic fuel valve 30 has two operating positions: “O” - the main fuel tank; "Z" - spare fuel tank, as well as the position of the complete shutdown of the fuel supply (Fig. 5).

The control unit (Fig. 6) contains a switch / switch 31 of the locks 23 for fastening the clamps 17 with a control lamp 32, a switch / switch 33 of a lock for fixing the guide of the fuel tank 1 with a control lamp 34, a switch 35 of the main fuel tank 1 to the spare fuel tank 29 of the electromagnetic valve 30 with pilot lights 36, a three-position air valve switch 37 with pilot lights 38 and limit switch 39. The control unit can be integrated into the instrumentation unit of the base vehicle and whether it is made as a portable remote control, which is connected via the plug 40 to the on-board network 41 of the base vehicle.

A device for fire protection of a vehicle from fire works as follows.

The control unit through the plug 40 is connected to the on-board network, the engine is started and the movement of the base vehicle is initiated (Fig. 6).

To transfer the device from the operating position to the fuel tank drop position, the following actions are performed:

1. The switch 35 of the main fuel tank 1 is switched from position “O” to position “Z”. The current from the on-board network 41 enters the winding "Z" of the electromagnetic valve 30. A spare fuel tank 29 is included in the power system, the fuel lines from the main fuel tank 1 are closed (Fig. 5). The corresponding indicator lamp 36 lights up.

2. The on / off switch 33 of the electromagnetic lock 16 for fixing the fuel tank guide 1 is turned on. Current from the on-board network enters the coil of the lock switch 15, the core is pulled in and out of the lock hole 16 in the last rack 2 of the fuel tank guide 1. The indicator lamp 34 lights up.

3. The switch 37 of the three-position air valve 25 is turned on in the "O" position (Fig. 6), the compressed air from the compressor (receiver) of the base machine enters the soft corrugated shell 24, which expands in volume, takes on a working form, presses on the plate 14, rotates around the axis 13 the guide of the fuel tank in a horizontal plane until the chain limiter 26 is fully tensioned (Fig. 7). The corresponding indicator lamp 38 lights up.

4. When the fuel tank 1 has reached the drop position, the limiter 26 is tensioned, the lever 12 closes the contacts of the limit switch 39. The windings of the locks 23 for attaching the clamps 17 are included in the general electric circuit of the control unit.

5. The on / off switch 31 of the locks 23 of the fastening of the clamps 17 is turned on, the control lamp 32 lights up. Current from the on-board network enters the windings of the electromagnetic locks 23, the lock cores are pulled in and out of the openings 22 of the lower ends of the clamps 17. Servo springs 21 are opened, act on the bottoms of the glasses 20, the lower ends of the clamps 17 are removed from the holes 8 of the right longitudinal beam 5 of the fuel tank guide 1. Due to the elastic properties and the method of fixing, the clamps 17 independently rise (hang) above the fuel tank 1 and fasten it (Fig. 1, 8).

To discard the fuel tank, the driver sharply presses the service brake pedal (the vehicle can not be stopped). The fuel tank 1 extends (rolls out) from the guide, resting on the balls 7 of its racks 2 and cross members 6; the elastic helical cylindrical fuel tubes 27 are straightened without obstructing the movement of the tank (Fig. 7). The difference in the speed of the vehicle and the speed of the fuel tank relative to the vehicle allows you to drop the tank at some safe distance from the vehicle.

The fuel pipes 27 are pulled off from the sections of the fuel lines included in the fuel tank 1, the shut-off valves 28 are closed and do not allow fuel residues to pour out of the fuel lines.

The condition for dropping the fuel tank will be the condition:

where V _TB - the speed of the fuel tank along the guide, m / s;

V _tc - vehicle speed, m / s.

When driving without braking, the speeds of the vehicle and the fuel tank fixed in the guide are

After braking, the speed of the fuel tank will decrease due to the forces of resistance to movement:

where V ₀ - vehicle speed at the time of braking, m / s;

F _c - the sum of the resistance forces to the movement of the fuel tank along the guide, N (the rolling resistance of the fuel tank along the balls 7, the resistance to pulling off the fuel pipes 27 from the fuel lines, aerodynamic resistance);

α is the angle between the direction of movement of the vehicle and the fuel tank when discarded in the horizontal plane.

The vehicle speed will decrease due to the increase in deceleration initiated by the driver using the service brake system:

where j is the deceleration created by the driver using the working brake system of the vehicle, m / s ² (during emergency braking it can reach 7 m / s ² [5] or more).

Substituting (3) and (4) in (1), we obtain the condition for the implementation of the invention from the point of view of braking the vehicle:

An additional effect will be the reduction of the overturning moment, since the fuel tank is discarded at an angle α to the direction of travel less than the right angle of the prototype. Therefore, the proposed device will increase the stability of the vehicle and its reliability.

To bring the vehicle from the drop position to the working position, the following actions are performed:

1. The switch 38 is turned on in position "B" (Fig. 6). The current from the onboard network 41 of the base machine enters the winding "B" of the three-position air valve 25. The air duct from the compressor (receiver) of the base machine is closed, the cavity of the sheath 24 is connected to the atmosphere.

2. The driver manually presses the guide of the fuel tank 1, air from the shell 24 exits (squeezed) into the atmosphere. The guide of the fuel tank 1 occupies the working position, the shell 24 is compressed to a gap between the beam 10 of the vehicle frame and the vertical frame of the guide of the fuel tank 1, the lever 12 opens the contacts of the limit switch 38.

3. The switch 37 is turned on in the "Z" position.

4. The on / off switch 33 is turned off, the core of the electromagnetic lock 15 is inserted into the locking hole 16 in the last vertical rack 2, the guide is fixed in the working position.

5. A (new) fuel tank 1 is placed in the guide, screw cylindrical fuel tubes 27 are put on the ends of the fuel lines entering the fuel tank 1 and are fixed with clamps.

6. The lower ends of the clamps 17 are manually inserted into the holes 8 of the longitudinal beams 5, the servo springs 21 are compressed. The switch / switch 31 is turned off, the cores of the locks of the fastening of the clamps 17 enter the holes 22, the control lamps 32 and 34 are turned off.

7. If necessary, the switch 35 is turned on in the "O" position, the electromagnetic valve 30, includes the main fuel tank 1 in the fuel system of the base machine, the spare fuel tank 29 is closed (Fig. 5). When disconnecting (if necessary) the plug 40 of the control unit, the warning lamps 36 and 38 are turned off.

The vehicle is ready for further use.

The method and device can be used for parked vehicles. To do this, the device is put into the drop position, the driver starts the engine, engages the reverse gear and abruptly starts backward movement. If the vehicle has the ability to maneuver while reversing, it is advisable to turn the steering wheel in the direction opposite to the side where the fuel tank is located. In this case, an additional centrifugal force arises, helping to throw the fuel tank to the side.

The alleged invention may find wide application for the protection of vehicles with an external arrangement of fuel tanks and other objects from fire (explosion) in cases of ignition of an energy carrier in a fuel tank.

Used sources

1. p. 7.7. Annexes to the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety. Rules of the road Russian Federation. - M .: Atberg 98, 2018 .-- 64 p.

2. Pat. RU 2336203 C2 Russian Federation, IPC B64D 25/00, B64C 3/56 Aircraft rescue system / options / N.E. Old Believers. - No. 20006136967/11; application 10/10/2006; publ. 10/20/2008.

3. Pat. RU 2564253 C2 Russian Federation, IPC G08B 17/00. A method of protecting a vehicle from fire and a device for its implementation / Yu.V. Salomokhin, A.P. Trofimov, O.A. Matveev. A.Yu., Dashchenko. - No. 2013118595/08, 04/22/2013, publ. 09/27/2015.

4. Pat. RU 2247668 C2 MPK 7 B60R 19/20 Russian Federation, Catapult - emergency rescue tool for the life of people, the crew of a car and the car itself in a collision on the road / N.A. Zakharov No. 2003104380/11, declared 02/13/2003, publ. 08/20/2004.

5. Design of all-wheel drive wheeled vehicles: t. 2 Textbook. for universities. Under the general ed. A.A. The half-moon. - M.: MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2000 .-- 640 s.

Claims (2)

1. A method of protecting a vehicle from fire, which consists in switching the fuel supply system to power from a spare fuel tank; unfastening the fuel tank guide; unfastening the fuel tank mounting clamps, characterized in that the guide with the fuel tank is rotated at the angle of throwing in the horizontal plane, and the driver brakes the vehicle sharply, so that the deceleration initiated by braking reduces its speed compared to the speed that continues to move with the original speed of the fuel tank along the guide by an amount sufficient to cast it to a safe distance. 2. A device for protecting a vehicle from fire, comprising a fuel tank guide in the form of a L-shaped frame fixed by a lock, articulated by a vertical axis that is interfaced with a gap with the eyelets of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle frame, from vertical struts rigidly interconnected with support balls, to the first of which the pressure lever and eyes are rigidly attached, between the last two are mounted a base plate, and a lock hole is made in the wall of the last rack, pop rechin with bearing balls, the longitudinal beams, the left lower of which is common, and the right lower through holes; fuel tank mounting mechanism, including flat band clamps made of elastic structural material, the upper ends of the spiral form of which are stored in the slots of the fixed axes of the brackets, rigidly attached to the shelf of the upper horizontal beam of the holder, and the lower ends with holes in the lower part and with cylindrical rigidly attached to them glasses with servo springs are inserted into the through holes of the lower horizontal beam, where they are fixed with locks; a rotary mechanism, including a power element in the form of a closed soft cylindrical corrugated shell located between the beam of the vehicle frame and the base plate of the fuel tank guide, attached to them by the ends, providing a given angle of rotation, attached at one end to the vehicle frame beam and the other to the last vertical rack of the guide, the chain limiter of rotation of the guide, a three-position electromagnetic air valve that provides compressed air to shell, its release into the atmosphere and its overlap; additional fuel elements, including screw cylindrical fuel tubes made of soft elastic material, shut-off spring ball valves, spare fuel tank and electromagnetic fuel valve for switching the main fuel tank to a spare fuel tank, integrated in the discharge and drain fuel lines of the vehicle’s fuel supply system at the entrance to the fuel tank tank; control unit that includes a switch on / off switch for mounting clamps with a control lamp, a switch / switch for locking the holder of the fuel tank with a control lamp, a switch for the main fuel tank to a spare fuel tank, an electromagnetic valve with pilot lamps, a three-position air valve switch with pilot lamps and an end switch switch, through the plug connector connected to the onboard network of the base vehicle.

Images