RU2686255C1 - Claw of railway coupler (versions) and method of its manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of railway equipment and relates to automatic train couplers, in particular, to the claw design (cam) of the automatic coupler and to the method of its manufacturing. Claw of railway coupler comprises nose part, tail part connecting their transition section and inner cavity. Thickness of walls of claw in zone of inner cavity in transition section is homogeneous. Tail part in zone of traction surfaces has non-uniform thickness of walls and platform on upper side. Holes for coupler roller and signal flag are made parallel and unconnected. Holes for signal flag and coupling roller are formed by two separate casting cores. Casting rods are installed between mold half-molds at distance from each other.EFFECT: higher reliability of coupler claw design.17 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of railway technology and relates to coupling devices of railway cars, in particular to the design of the claw (fist) coupling and the method of its manufacture.

The level of technology

In the United States railroad coupler systems, one in the USA uses coupling devices from the American Railways Association (AAR), for example, Jannay's coupler. Such couplings comprise a coupler body comprising a shank and a coupling head, made C-shaped, with which the hitch claw (fist), which is the coupling element, is pivotally connected. When rail cars are connected, adjacent hitch claws of adjacent cars turn relative to the corresponding hitch head and interlock with each other according to the principle of vertical contact, which allows the front rail car hitch system to pull the back rail car. In the linked state, the working surfaces of the adjacent claws of the hitch of neighboring cars are in contact with each other along a cylindrical surface with a vertical generatrix. The hitch claw (fist) is a single piece and contains the nose, the tail and the transition section connecting them. Performing a claw with a solid tail part significantly weights the weight of the part, in which internal voids can also form, which reduce the duration of operation of the hitch claw. In this connection, the claw has an internal cavity to facilitate the weight of the part while maintaining the strength of the part. During operation, the tail part of the hitch claw is subjected to high loads, in particular when the claw is blocked with the adjacent hitch claw of a nearby railway car. American Railways Association standards and technical requirements indicate that the hitch of the hitch claw is a critical area and requires testing after operation for cracks, tears and / or other stresses.

The prior art railway coupling claw (US 5582307 A, publ. 10.12.1996, IPC B61G 3/00, B61G 3/04, B61G 007/00, B22D 25/02, B22D 25/00), containing the nose with a carrier the surface, the tail section, the section of the sleeve and the transition section connecting the tail section and the section of the sleeve. The hub section comprises a passage of a mainly cylindrical hitch roller having a longitudinal axis. The rail hitch claw has an internal cavity formed inside the tail section and at least the transition section. In the forward part of the claw of the railway hitch a hole is made to accommodate the signal flag. The tail part is made on the flat side in the area of traction surfaces that come into contact with the head part of the body of the coupling device. A method of manufacturing said rail hitch claw includes performing, for each individual claw, upper and lower half-molds and three casting rods to form an aperture for the hitch roller, an aperture for the signal flag and an internal cavity in the transition section and tail section. The upper and lower walls of the transition section with an internal cavity have a parabolic shape, thus narrowing (in horizontal projection) to the sleeve section.

The claw of the railway hitch is known (US 9533696 B2, publ. 03/01/2017, IPC B61G 3/00, B61G 3/04, B61G 3/06, B61G 7/00, C22C 9/10, B22C 9/103, B22C 9/02 , В22С 9/22), taken as a prototype, containing a nose, a tail, a sleeve section and a transition section connecting the tail section and a sleeve section, the sleeve section having a passage in the main cylindrical hitch roller having a longitudinal axis. The rail hitch claw is made with an internal cavity to facilitate the weight of the part and communicates with the hole for the hitch roller and the hole for the signal flag. The walls of the transition section with the internal cavity are made non-uniform and tapering to the section of the sleeve. The tail part is made with a smooth traction surface. For the manufacture of the specified claw using interconnected casting rods, which form the internal cavity of the claw, the holes for the hitch roller and for the signal flag.

A known method of manufacturing a claw rail coupling (RU 2531989 C1, publ. 10/27/2014, IPC B61G 03/06). The hitch claws of railway cars can be formed from metal and can be made using the casting operation as a single design. The casting operation typically involves using an upper mold half formed from molding sand and a lower mold half also formed from molding sand. Casting rods of resin-hardened or otherwise reinforced sand are placed in the bottom half-form before closing the mold assembly, and then set the top half-form on top of the bottom half-form. The hinge hole for the hitch roller and the internal cavity are formed by casting cores. While the foundry rods can be a single structure or can be connected to each other.

The technical problem inherent in these solutions is:

- heterogeneity of the thickness of the walls of the transition section with an internal cavity in the region of the sleeve section, which complicates the processes of its manufacture and quality control;

- a high probability of the formation of thermal units and the corresponding shrinkage defects in the walls of the transition section of the claw widening in relation to the neighboring areas in the zone of the internal cavity during the manufacture of the claw by casting;

- wear and reduction of the wall thickness of the tail section in the area of traction surfaces as they are used;

- reduction of the strength of the molded part in the tail section;

- complicated claw design, when using a large number of casting cores or interconnected, which also complicates the method of manufacturing a railway hitch claw due to the complexity of the process of forming casting cores;

- the difficulty in the manufacture of foundry cores;

- the likelihood of collapses and blockages when using the connected casting cores for the hitch roller and for the signal flag with the formation of small holes for connecting the holes for the hitch roller and for the signal flag.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is to optimize and increase the reliability of the design of the claw of the railway hitch and to simplify the manufacturability of the method of its manufacture.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claw of the railway hitch containing the nose part, the hub section, the tail section and the transition section connecting them, the hole for the signal flag in the nose section, the hole for the hitch roller in the hub section connected to the internal cavity the transition section and the tail section according to the present invention, the walls of said transition section are made uniform (constant) thickness and maintained throughout the transition section in the range sizes from 23 to 31 mm; a preferred range is from 25 to 30.5 mm. Opposite walls of the transition section can be made of different thickness.

Together with the first embodiment, or separately from it, this technical result is achieved in that in the claw of the railway hitch comprising the nose part, the hub section, the tail part and the transition section connecting them, the hole for the signal flag at the nose part, the hole for the hitch roller in the sleeve section connected to the internal cavity made in the transition section and the tail section according to the present invention; the tail section in the area of the traction surfaces is made with a platform on the upper sides , The wall thickness of the tail part in the pad is formed in uneven size range of 12 to 32 mm, with the preferred range is from 15 to 30 mm. The unevenness of the wall thickness can be up to 50% of the wall thickness of the adjacent section, and the length “L” of the site from the upper side of the tail can be made in the size range from 27 to 33 mm, while the preferred range is from 30 to 31 mm.

In addition, jointly or separately from the first two options, this technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claw of the railway hitch comprising the nose part with the working surface, the hub section, the tail section and the transition section connecting them, the hole for the signal flag in the nose section, the hole for the hitch roller in the sleeve section, connected to the internal cavity made in the transition section and the tail section according to the present invention, the working surface in the nose section is made flat or with osom. In this case, the working surface in the nose part can be made with a bevel from the lower side and / or the upper side.

In conjunction with or separately from the first three variants of the railway hitch claw, this technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claw of the railway hitch containing the nose part, hub section, tail section and the connecting section connecting them, the hole for the signal flag in the nose part, the hole for the hitch roller in the sleeve section, connected to the internal cavity made in the transition section and the tail section according to the present invention, a hole for the signal flag and an opening d For the hitch roller, they are made separately from each other, with the axes of the holes being parallel to each other and at a distance from each other. The axes of the holes for the signal flag and for the hitch roller may be located at a distance “L1” in the transverse plane of the railway hitch claw in a size range from 90 to 95 mm, preferably between 90 and 92 mm, and at a distance “L2” in the longitudinal plane rail hitch claws, ranging in size from 47 to 53 mm, preferably from 48 to 50 mm.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing the claw of the railway hitch, including the execution of the upper and lower half-molds and casting cores from the molding material, the installation of the casting cores between the half-molds, followed by connecting the upper and lower half-shapes among themselves, filling the connected half-shapes with the installed inside the metal cores, according to the present invention, for forming a hole for a signal flag and a hole for a hitch roller connected to morning cavity separately from each other using two cores, which are placed between the mold parts at a distance from each other. Casting rods can be installed at a distance "l" from each other, measured by the shortest distance from the surface of one rod to the surface of another rod, in the size range from 7 to 15 mm, preferably from 9 to 10 mm. Semiforms and cores are made of sandy-clay, sand-resin, sand-liquid or cold-hardening mixtures. Half-molds and casting cores are made by vacuum-film forming. Half-molds and casting cores can be made using model-core tooling.

Brief description of drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings: FIG. 1 - rail hitch claw (top view), FIG. 2 — rail hitch claw (side view), FIG. 3 - section A-A of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 - section bb FIG. 1, fig. 5 - casting rods for forming a hole for the signal flag and a hole for the hitch roller with an internal cavity.

The rail hitch claw shown in the figures comprises the nose 1, the tail 2, the section of the hub 3, the transition section 4 connecting the tail 2 and the section of the hub 3, the hole for the signal flag 5 in the nose 1, the hole for the hitch roller 6 section of the sleeve 3, connected with the internal cavity 7 (in Fig. 1 and 2 not shown), made in the transition section 4 and the tail part 2. The nose part has a working (bearing) surface 1.1, in addition the nose part can be made with a bevel 1.2 on the working (carrier) surface ti 1.1. The hole for the signal flag 5 and the hole for the hitch roller 6 are spaced from each other, while the axes of the holes for the signal flag 5 and for the hitch roller 6 can be located at a distance "L1" in the transverse plane of the railway hitch claw in a size range from 90 up to 95 mm, and at a distance “L2” in the longitudinal plane of the claw of the railway hitch, in the range of sizes from 47 to 53 mm.

FIG. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a railway hitch claw in which the walls 4.1 in the transition section 4 are made of a uniform (constant) thickness “w” and are maintained throughout the transition section in the size range from 23 to 31 mm. The values of the thickness "w" of the opposite walls 4.1 may be different, but at the same time the same throughout the same wall 4.1.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the rail hitch claw in which the tail part 2 in the area of the traction surfaces is made with the platform 8 on the upper side (in FIG. 4, the upper side of the claw is on the right side) with a length "L" in the size range from 27 to 33 mm. In addition, the wall 2.1 of the tail section 2, including at the interface between the tail section 2 and the transition section 4, is made of an uneven thickness “wl” with a variable value in the size range from 12 to 32 mm, while the thickness unevenness can be up to 50 %

FIG. 5 shows a casting rod 5.1 for forming a hole for a signal flag and a casting rod 6.1 for forming a hole for a roller, connected to a casting rod 7.1 for forming an internal cavity in the transition section 4 and the tail part 2, which in the present embodiment are arranged in a configuration when installed in the bottom and the upper half-form (not shown in the drawings). The rod 5.1 is installed in the form (half-form) separately from the rods 6.1 and 7.1 at a distance of "l" to exclude communication between the holes for the signal flag 5 and for the roller of the hitch 6 of the railway hitch claw.

Description of the invention

The rail hitch claw, made with a uniform (constant) along the entire length of the wall thickness in the transition section (in the zone of the internal cavity), provides optimization and improvement of the claw design reliability, as well as simplifying the manufacturability of the manufacturing method by eliminating the need to compensate for metal shrinkage during the manufacturing process. in the walls of the transition section of the claw. When metal is poured into the casting mold, the metal is evenly distributed inside, which ensures the same solidification time of the cast walls, which leads to a significant reduction in the risk of formation of defects and thermal assemblies, thereby increasing the reliability of the railway hitch claw. The wall thickness in the transition section (in the zone of the internal cavity) is uniform and maintained over the entire length of the transition section in the range of values from 23 to 31 mm, while the minimum value is due to the preservation of the strength characteristics of the claw, and the maximum is characterized by a critical value at which the strength of the structure increases slightly, and the metal intensity begins to grow significantly. In addition, the values of the thickness of the opposite walls can be different, but they are the same throughout one wall of the transition section, which leads to uniform shrinkage and hardening of the cast walls. The calculations showed that the best results are achieved when the wall thickness in the transition section is uniform and in the size range from 25 to 30.5 mm.

Execution of the platform from the upper side of the tail section of the railway hitch claw “L” length ensures optimization and increased structural reliability by reducing bending when a load is applied at the site of contact with the coupling head during the operation of the coupling device by uniformly distributing the load over the entire surface of the tail section parts. The range of lengths “L” of the site from 27 to 33 mm is due to the preservation of the strength characteristics of the claw when traction loads occur when the cars move on rails, as well as the possibility of performing the platform from the upper side in the tail part of the claw, since the tail part is in working condition The head of the C-shaped hitch, with a preferred range of values from 30 to 31 mm.

The rail hitch claw, made in the tail section with an uneven wall thickness “wl”, provides an increase in resistance by tensile stress of the pulling surface in the tail section in the area of the traction surfaces, increasing the wear resistance of the wall of the tail section by increasing the wall thickness in the area of the traction surface in the area of greatest stress, arising during operation, which allows to optimize and improve the reliability of the design of the claw of the railway hitch. Uneven wall thickness can be up to 50% of the wall thickness of the adjacent section. The minimum wall thickness “wl” in the area of the traction surface, equal to 12 mm, was chosen from the condition of reducing the metal intensity while maintaining the strength characteristics of the claw in the junction zone of the transition section to the tail section, in other words, directly in the area in front of the traction surfaces of the railway hitch claw. The maximum value of the wall thickness “wl” of the tail section in the area of the traction surfaces, equal to 32 mm, is due to the execution of the platform from the upper side of the tail section of the railway hitch claw. However, when performing the wall thickness of the tail section in the area of traction surfaces, it is preferable to range from 15 to 30 mm.

This embodiment of the railway hitch claw with an uneven wall thickness and a platform in the tail section of the claw simplifies the manufacturability of the method of manufacturing the claw by simplifying the shape of the casting cores and half-molds, made with smooth walls and increasing the direction of solidification in the manufacture of casting to ensure satisfactory continuity.

The implementation of the claw of the railway hitch with a flat and smooth working (bearing) surface ensures the optimization and increase of the reliability of the claw design due to uniform distribution of the load on the forward part of the claw when engaged with the second claw when connecting the coupling devices of neighboring cars. The presence of a bevel on the underside of the working (bearing) surface of the nose and / or on the upper side ensures the transfer of the active loads from transverse to longitudinal components, which allows to increase the stress distribution area and reduce the load acting directly on the working (bearing) surface.

Forming a hole for the signal flag separately, that is, at a distance from the hole for the hitch roller connected to the internal cavity, while so that the axes of the holes are parallel, ensures optimization and increasing the reliability of the claw due to the absence of additional internal holes between the structurally necessary holes, as well as by reducing the risk of erosion of the rods and the appearance of blockages in the body of the casting, which can be formed during the casting of the part and in addition provides the technological efficiency of the method of its manufacture is achieved by simplifying the design of the casting cores and the claw as a whole, and, consequently, simplifying the manufacture and construction of core boxes in which the casting cores are formed. The axes of the holes for the signal flag and for the hitch roller are located at a distance “L1” in the transverse plane of the claw of the railway hitch in the range of sizes from 90 to 95 mm, and at a distance of “L2” in the longitudinal plane of the claw of the railway hitch in the range of sizes from 47 to 53 mm . The specified range of values is due to the formation of a wall between the holes for the signal flag and for the hitch roller, which reduces the risk of formation of defects and thermal assemblies when the metal is poured into the casting mold due to the uniform distribution of the metal inside the mold and the same solidification time of the cast wall as a whole, which leads to optimize and improve the reliability of the railway hitch claw design. Moreover, for the distances between the axes of the holes for the signal flag and for the coupling roller, ranges in the transverse plane of the claw “L1” are preferable - from 90 to 92 mm and in the longitudinal plane of the claw “L2” - from 48 to 50 mm.

A method of manufacturing a railway hitch claw includes using upper and lower half-molds and casting rods of molding material, installing casting rods on the lower half-form, followed by installing the upper half-form from the top, filling the connected half-molds with molten metal installed inside the casting rods. Improving the manufacturability of the method of manufacturing a claw lies in the fact that two cores are used for forming, and the core for forming the signal box and the core for forming the hole for the hitch roller with the internal cavity are made separately from each other and are not connected when the rods are installed into half-molds, since they are set at a distance "l" from each other, measured by the shortest distance from the surface of one rod to the surface of another rod in azone size from 7 to 15 mm, which provides the additional wall between the rods and eliminates the possibility of thermal defects or knots due to uniform distribution of the metal poured into the mold and solidification time of the same metal in the mold. This ensures the absence of communication (connection) of the holes in the cast part, which affects the process of pouring metal into the half-form, unlike the closest analogues, where the casting rods are connected to each other and / or must be made as a single element. In addition, the implementation of the casting rods separately from each other provide a simplified manufacture and shape of the model-rod tooling for their manufacture, which also simplifies the manufacturability of the method of manufacturing the claw as a whole. When making a claw when the rods are located at a distance "l" from each other, measured by the shortest distance from the surface of one rod to the surface of the other rod, it is preferable to range from 9 to 10 mm.

The following can be used as a molding material: sandy-clay, sand-resin, sand-liquid-glass or cold-hardening mixtures. As well as molds and casting rods can be made by vacuum-film forming, which is also simplified by making the rods separate elements, which simplifies the manufacturability of the method of manufacturing the claw as a whole.

Thus, the claimed invention with its entire set of essential features allows you to optimize and improve the reliability of the design of the claw of the railway hitch and improve the manufacturability of the method of manufacture.

Claims (17)

1. Claw of railway hitch, containing nose, sleeve section, tail section and connecting section connecting them, characterized in that the walls of said transition section are of uniform (constant) thickness and maintained throughout the transition section in the size range from 23 to 31 mm 2. Claw according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the thicknesses are maintained throughout the transition section in the size range from 25 to 30.5 mm. 3. Claw according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the opposite walls of the transition section are made of different thickness. 4. Claw of railway hitch, containing nose, sleeve section, tail section and connecting section connecting them, characterized in that the tail section in the area of traction surfaces is made with a platform on the upper side, while the wall thickness of the tail section in the area of the platform is uneven size range from 12 to 32 mm. 5. Claw according to claim 4, characterized in that the wall thickness of the tail section in the area of the platform is uneven in the size range from 15 to 30 mm. 6. Claw according to Claim. 4, characterized in that the non-uniformity of the wall thickness in the tail section amounts to 50% of the wall thickness of the adjacent section. 7. Claw according to Claim. 4, characterized in that the length "L" of the platform on the upper side of the tail section is made in a size range from 27 to 33 mm. 8. Claw on p. 4, characterized in that the length "L" is made in the size range from 30 to 31 mm. 9. Claw of railway hitch, comprising a nose part, a hub section, a tail section and a transition section connecting them, an opening for a signal flag in the nose section, an opening for the hitch roller in the hub section connected to an internal cavity made in the transition section and tail section, characterized in that the hole for the signal flag and the hole for the hitch roller are made separately from each other, while the axes of the holes are parallel to each other and at a distance from each other. 10. Claw according to claim 9, characterized in that the axes of the holes for the signal flag and for the hitch roller are located at a distance "L1" in the transverse plane of the claw of the railway hitch in the size range from 90 to 95 mm and at a distance "L2" in the longitudinal plane rail hitch claws in sizes ranging from 47 to 53 mm. 11. Claw under item 9, characterized in that the distance "L1" is made in the range of sizes from 90 to 92 mm. 12. Claw under item 9, characterized in that the distance "L2" is made in the range of sizes from 48 to 50 mm. 13. A method of manufacturing a railway hitch claw, which includes making upper and lower half-molds and casting rods from a molding material, installing casting rods between the half-molds and then connecting the upper and lower half-molds together, filling the connected half-molds with metal installed inside the casting rods, that for forming a hole for the signal flag and the hole for the hitch roller connected to the internal cavity, two molds are used separately from each other x rod which is installed between the mold parts at a distance from each other. 14. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the casting cores are installed at a distance "l" from each other, measured by the shortest distance from the surface of one core to the surface of another core, in the size range from 7 to 15 mm. 15. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the distance "l" is made in the size range from 9 to 10 mm. 16. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the half-molds and casting cores are made of sandy-clay, sand-resin, sand-liquid or cold-hardening mixtures. 17. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the half-molds and casting rods are made by vacuum-film forming.

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