RU2682499C1 - Method of blast furnace shaft lining, a refrigerator unit of blast furnace shaft and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to metallurgy and can be used both in construction of blast furnaces, and in their capital, scheduled or emergency repair. In the blast furnace reflux unit, which includes a forcibly cooled housing with a built-in heat exchanger with connecting pipes, body on the side opposite to the pipes has lining layers, the first of which is permanently connected to the housing, and each subsequent layer of lining is permanently connected to the previous lining layer in the lining method of the blast furnace shaft, fixed fixation is performed on the inner surface of its metal housing of the cooling units and filling or gunning of gaps between them and metal housing of furnace with refractory plastic mass with its subsequent drying. Gauze or gunning by refractory plastic mass gaps between layers of lining of adjacent cooling units and their bodies is carried out immediately or layer-by-layer throughout the depth to contact with furnace metal housing or previously applied between casings of refrigeration units and metal furnace housing by layer of refractory plastic mass.EFFECT: higher strength and quality of lining, longer overhaul interval and shorter furnace repair time.12 cl, 19 dwg, 5 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of metallurgy and can be used both in the construction of blast furnaces and in their overhaul, planned or emergency repair.

Known for the typical, most common design of the mine blast furnace and, accordingly, the technology of its construction [General metallurgy. Burdakov D.D., Burdakov Yu.D., Volodin S.A. et al., Moscow: Metallurgy, 1971, p. 110-121] or [Metallurgy of ferrous metals. Linchevsky B.V., Sobolevsky A.V. and Kalmenev A.A., Moscow: Metallurgy, 1980, p. 36-41]. The main characteristics of a blast furnace are its dimensions and profile - an axial vertical section of the working space. The blast furnace includes a vertically oriented metal casing, the inner space of which includes refractory masonry. An oven usually consists of five distinctive parts. In particular, the blast furnace shaft is the most voluminous conical part located under the top and above the steam. Water-cooled refrigerators are fixed on the inner surface of the shaft part of the blast furnace body, which are sequentially lined (lined) with refractory masonry - i.e. lined, as a rule, with chamotte or high-alumina brick. The furnace space is dried using a special technology, after which they start smelting cast iron.

When repairing the blast furnace shaft, as a rule, a part of the metal case with a worn out or emergency lining is cut out, the refrigerator is dismantled (removed, dismantled), then the worn refractory masonry is restored and the masonry is restored in the reverse order with the replacement of refrigerators and replaced or the fragment of the metal case is replaced.

During the construction of a mine of a typical blast furnace or during its repair, characteristic shortcomings were revealed, which include the following. This is the instability of the physico-chemical properties of the lining around the perimeter from the used lining materials and compliance with technological requirements for bringing them to working condition. The wear of such a furnace is practically not predictable. As a result, several furnaces built using the same technology differ significantly in the period of non-repairable operation and the period of operation before major repairs.

The problem solved by the group of inventions and the achieved technical result consists in creating a new method of lining the shaft of a blast furnace and a new refrigeration unit for its lining, the use of which allows to increase the overhaul interval, reduce the repair time of the furnace, which leads to a decrease in its downtime, and also reduce consumption fuel by stabilizing the thermal characteristics of the furnace. In addition, the number of repair personnel is reduced, which reduces labor costs for the construction and repair of blast furnaces.

To solve the problem of achieving the claimed technical result in the first invention of the group - a refrigeration unit for lining a mine shaft of a blast furnace, comprising a forced-cooled casing with at least one built-in heat exchanger with connecting pipes, the casing from the side opposite to the pipes contains at least one layer of lining, the first of which is inseparably connected with the body, and each subsequent lining layer is inseparably connected with the previous lining layer.

Besides:

- the lining is made protruding beyond the contour of the housing;

- at least part of the elements of the lining is made protruding beyond the contour of the housing with the formation of at least one side protrusion;

- at least a portion of the lining elements is made protruding beyond the contour of the housing and has at least one side groove;

- the surface of the housing from the side opposite the nozzles is made smooth;

- the surface of the casing from the side opposite to the nozzles is smooth and equipped with fixed anchors made not protruding outside the lining;

- the surface of the housing from the side opposite the nozzles is made corrugated;

- the surface of the housing from the side opposite the nozzles is corrugated and provided with fixed anchors made not protruding outside the lining;

- the lining contains reinforcing inclusions.

To solve the problem of achieving the claimed technical result in the second invention of the group - the method of lining the shaft of a blast furnace, which includes fixed fixing on the inner surface of the metal casing of the blast furnace of the refrigeration units and packing or gunning the gaps between them and between them and the metal casing of the furnace with a refractory plastic mass with its subsequent drying, - use refrigeration units according to the first invention of the group, while stuffing or gunning refractory plastic Assa gaps between the adjacent layers of refrigeration lining blocks and their housings or layers is performed directly on the whole depth of the contact with the metal casing of the furnace or previously applied between the housings of refrigeration units and metal furnace refractory layer plastic mass.

Besides:

- refrigeration units are mounted inside the mine in a closed perimeter in order;

- after mounting the refrigeration units and stuffing or gunning the gaps between them with a refractory plastic mass, at least one layer of the lining mixture forming its space is applied to the inner surface of the shaft.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1-4, typical embodiments of a refrigeration unit of a blast furnace shaft are shown in connection with the housing and the lining;

- in FIG. 5-8 are some embodiments of the edges of the lining of the refrigeration unit in a perspective view;

- in FIG. 9-15 - some options for the interaction of the edges of the lining of adjacent refrigeration units;

- in FIG. 16 is a fragment of a newly constructed blast furnace equipped with refrigeration units made according to the invention;

- in FIG. 17 shows a section AA of FIG. 16 is a fragment of a wall of a shaft of a blast furnace equipped with refrigeration units made according to the invention;

- in FIG. 18 shows a fragment of refrigeration units mounted on a closed perimeter in order inside the blast furnace shaft (connecting pipes not shown) without an axonometric view of its metal casing;

- in FIG. 19 shows a fragment of a repaired blast furnace with integrated refrigeration units according to the invention.

The cooling unit 1 of the blast furnace shaft includes a forced-cooling case 2, usually rectangular in projection shape and trapezoidal in height, which is traditionally made of ductile iron, copper, alloys based on it or other metals and alloys with one or more built-in heat exchangers 3 with connecting nozzles 4, while the housing 2 from the side opposite to the nozzles 4, i.e. the height of the block 1, includes one or more layers 5 of the lining, one-piece connected both with the housing 1 and with each other. Layers 5 of the lining in height can have different physical and mechanical properties and, for example, includes reinforcing inclusions, such as metal fibers, fibers, etc.

The lining of the refrigeration unit 1 can be made protruding beyond the contour of its housing 2 or at least part of the elements of the lining - from one, two, three or from all sides - can be performed protruding beyond the contour of the housing 1 with the formation of at least one lateral protrusion 6 of a triangular, rectangular, round or other shape and, at the same time, at least part of the lining elements can be made protruding beyond the contour of the housing 1 and include, respectively, one or more side grooves 7 of a triangular, rectangular, round th form or another. As you can see, the elements of the lining can include both grooves 7 and protrusions 6 - in the right amount and with appropriate profiles, providing the technology with further sealing and the use of the appropriate refractory plastic mass for filling the gaps 8, both between blocks 1 and inside them, for example open channels 9 for passage of fasteners 10.

The surface of the housing 2 of the refrigeration unit 1 from the side opposite to the nozzles 4 can be made conditionally smooth - the surface 11, or can be conditionally smooth, but in addition can be equipped with motionless fixed anchors 12 of various shapes made not protruding outside the lining, or the surface of the housing 2 from the side opposite the nozzles 4 can be made corrugated -surface 13, - or can be corrugated, but in addition to be equipped with fixed anchors 12, made not protruding beyond ly lining.

A method for manufacturing the aforementioned cooling unit 1 of a blast furnace shaft includes applying to the surface of the body 2 (surfaces 11 and 13) of at least one lining layer 5 protruding into the interior of the furnace, the lining being applied and its drying being natural or heated in the furnace, or using various heating devices according to the schedule, they are carried out before the installation of the refrigeration unit 1 in the mine, i.e. beyond its limits. Reinforcing inclusions, such as metal fibers, fiber, etc., can be introduced into the lining.

The required number of layers 5 of the lining is applied to the housing 2 of the refrigeration unit 1 by filling the lining mixture (mortar, composite) using a formwork (not shown conventionally) that repeats the outline of the lined part of the housing 2. Variants of the orientation of the buildings 2 of the refrigeration units 1 when pouring the lining mixture - lying down , standing, at an angle, etc., - with the appropriate design of the formwork. Also, applying to the body 2 of the refrigeration unit 1 the required number of lining layers 5 is carried out using spraying of the lining mixture (solution, composite) on the lined part of the body 1 or on the previous layer 5, for example, by shotcrete or shotcreting.

The required number of layers 5 of the lining mixture are applied to the housing 1 of the refrigeration unit 2 using the adhesive properties of the contacting surfaces of the housing 2 of the refrigeration unit 1, which can be smooth (pos. 11) and / or corrugated (pos. 13), and the liner mixture, or using the adhesive properties of adjacent layers 5 of the mixture. In addition, the application on the housing 2 of the refrigeration unit 1 of the required number of layers 5 of the lining mixture is carried out, as mentioned, using the adhesive properties of the contacting surfaces and the lining mixture and placed over the contact area of the housing 2 in the lining volume of the anchors 12.

The method of lining the shaft of a blast furnace includes the fixed fastening on the inner surface 14 of its metal body (shell, armor, casing) 15 of the refrigeration units 1 and packing or gunning of the gaps 8 between them and the gaps 16 between them and the metal body 15 of the furnace with a refractory plastic mass (composite, mixture, solution) with its subsequent drying, and at least part of the refrigeration units 1 prior to their installation on the metal housing 15 of the blast furnace includes at least one layer prepared for operation 5 foot ovki, while stuffing or gunning with a refractory plastic mass of gaps 8 between layers 5 of the lining of adjacent refrigeration units 1 and their bodies 2 is carried out immediately or in layers to the entire depth until it contacts the metal case 15 of the furnace or previously applied between the cases 2 of the cooling units 1 and the metal case 15 of the furnace layer (see gaps 16) of the refractory plastic mass. It should be noted that when filling the gaps 16 between the cases 2 of the refrigeration units 1 and the metal case 15 of the furnace, pouring with self-flowing concrete can be applied.

As can be seen, to implement the invention in terms of the lining method, the above-described inventions can be used on the refrigeration unit 1 of the blast furnace shaft and on the method of its manufacture.

The use of only a certain, limited number of refrigeration units 1 made by the new technology during lining of the furnace may be relevant for various types of blast furnace repairs. During the overhaul of the furnace or during the construction of a new blast furnace using this technology, all refrigeration units 1 can be implemented.

In some cases, refrigeration units 1 are mounted inside the shaft around a closed perimeter in order (see Fig. 18), while the lining of some rows along the shaft height differs in its physicochemical properties, which is explained by the presence of characteristic specialized zones with different physic mechanical parameters and operating conditions.

After mounting the refrigeration units 1 with a prefabricated lining and stuffing or gunning the gaps between them with a refractory plastic mass, at least one layer 17 of the lining mixture (solution, composite) profiling its space is applied, if necessary. Thus, a rather arbitrary (so to speak, generalized for any case) internal profile (surface 14) of the metal case 15 of the furnace with the final profile of its internal space is brought into correspondence, which depends on the laid operational characteristics for the entire life expectancy before its overhaul - composition charges (remelted materials), characteristics of coke and other fuels, including natural gas, chemical additives, blasting. Only after this can one confidently hope for a trouble-free operation of the furnace throughout the entire life cycle laid down.

Attention should be paid to the following features of the invention.

The presence on the cases 2 of the refrigeration blocks 1 of the mine shaft of the blast furnace from the side opposite to the nozzles 4 of one or more layers 5 of the lining, inseparably connected with the cases 2, adjacent layers of 5 lining or between each other, applied in the production conditions that are most suitable for meeting the technological requirements outside the internal the space of the blast furnace allows you to provide refrigeration units 1 close to the "theoretical" operational and stable quality indicators. Similar characteristics can be accidentally obtained in previously used methods of lining and, by no means, on all forced-cooled refrigerators, which are an integral part of the metal casing 15 of the furnace and conditionally common lining. Often this is precisely the reason for its uneven wear (peeling, abrasion, cracking, etc.) inside the mine, premature burning of the heat exchangers of refrigerators and, accordingly, the need for unscheduled repairs of the blast furnace.

In fact, the blast furnace shaft is a large-sized "designer", which is assembled according to the approved scheme in the most critical and time-consuming part. Elements of the "designer" - refrigeration units 1, - can be equipped with special structural elements that ensure quick assembly (installation) on the inner surface of the furnace casing and between each other various protrusions 6 and grooves 7. The labyrinth shape of the joints (gaps 8) further increases the tightness of the joints blocks 1. The cooling blocks 1 themselves are designed in such a way as to ensure reliable adhesion of the lining layers 5 to the surface of the housing 2. This is ensured not only by the adhesive properties of the contacting surfaces (layers 5), but also a special preparation of these surfaces - the presence of various irregularities (surface 13), including anchors 12. On each housing 2, the lining may include several layers 5, each of which has unique properties that provide the most favorable operating conditions for refrigeration blocks 1 and the blast furnace as a whole. In addition, the lining may contain a variety of reinforcing inclusions that increase its durability.

As you can see, it is much simpler to produce a massive, but still limited size, refrigeration unit 1 with a lining working layer 5, which has theoretically verified performance indicators, than to provide these indicators inside a huge furnace as a result of painstaking sequential assembly (construction) in a rather uncomfortable spatial position immediately the entire lining.

In practice, the personnel who will be engaged in the lining of the blast furnace shaft carry out the most demanding and laborious work outside its limits and in comfortable conditions - it prepares refrigeration units 1 in advance using proven technology. As you know, the production technology of refrigerators (chillers) for placing them on the inner surface of the metal body of the furnace is worked out quite well, so it remains only to equip them with a layer (layers 5) of the lining. For this, the proven technologies of pouring the lining mixture into the formwork, spraying, etc. are used. As you can see, the complexity of these processes is much less than carrying out these and similar works inside the furnace in obviously uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous conditions. Another great advantage is the possibility of controlled drying of blocks 1, which is a determining factor in achieving the performance of concrete (lining mixture), which is absent in other cases of lining manufacturing (shotcrete, packing, masonry, etc. mentioned above).

The manufactured blocks 1 are marked accordingly and sent to the place of construction or repair of the blast furnace, or to the warehouse.

The design features of the refrigeration units 1 in all special cases of their execution serve, both together and each in itself to solve the problem. Of course, the maximum effect will be obtained from the simultaneous use of all the interrelated essential features of the dependent claims of the above-described technical solutions, both of the refrigeration unit 1 and of the method of its manufacture.

A feature of the lining of the mine blast furnace shaft is that the installation of the refrigeration units 1 on the metal casing 15 of the furnace is carried out with the lining layer (s 5) prepared for operation already applied to the forcedly cooled casing 2. Subsequent packing or gunning with a refractory plastic mass of gaps 8 between the lining layers of adjacent refrigeration units 1 and their bodies 2, carried out immediately or in layers to the entire depth until it contacts the metal case 15 of the furnace or the layer previously applied between the cases 2 of the cooling blocks 1 and the metal case 15 of the furnace (see gaps 16) of the refractory plastic mass, including pouring with self-flowing concrete, and their subsequent drying, actually completes the process of lining the mine.

As you can see, the present technology of furnace lining significantly reduces the time for its construction and, especially, repair, since the most labor-intensive, voluminous and responsible work is carried out outside the blast furnace.

After that, the blast furnace is almost ready for operation, although in some cases it may be necessary to apply an additional lining layer 17 on top of the mounted and compacted refractory plastic masses of the refrigerating blocks 1, which ensures the formation of the furnace’s internal profile and brings it into line with the design characteristics laid down in the repair project. Calculation of the furnace profile is carried out analytically or according to empirical formulas.

Thus, the claimed technology for lining the blast furnace shaft using special refrigeration units 1 made in specialized production conditions provides the lining and, accordingly, the entire internal (working) volume of the mine with uniform wear and active resistance to very specific operating conditions (in particular, aggressive environment, high temperatures, abrasion). In addition, the difference between the layers of the lining in terms of the height of the blast furnace in terms of its physicochemical properties makes it possible to take into account the zonal specifics of its operation, which makes it possible to stabilize the thermal characteristics of the furnace and, therefore, reduce fuel consumption.

As a result, the use of inventions allows us to solve the problem and achieve the claimed technical results, which is impossible or very costly and difficult when using other known technical solutions.

The use of inventions will be considered in the following examples.

Example I. Production of a refrigeration unit.

Take a refrigerator with a cast-iron forced-cooled case 2 with a built-in heat exchanger 3 made of heat-resistant stainless steel with connecting pipes 4. The surface of the body 2 from the side opposite to the pipes 4 has a corrugated surface 13, for example, with horizontal grooves and anchor arcs (item 12). The present housing 2 is cleaned of contaminants and oriented so that its working surface is horizontal. If necessary, carry out more thorough surface preparation (mechanical cleaning, degreasing, etc.) for pouring the lining mixture.

The formwork is being prepared along the contour of the housing 2. On the desired, usually opposite sides of the formwork, a protrusion and a groove are performed.

The formwork is placed on the housing 2 of the future refrigeration unit 1 and fixedly fixed to ensure the required tightness. After that, the lining mixture is poured into the formwork, for example, the first layer 5, which, if necessary, is subjected to short-term vibration exposure.

The lining mixture is a complex composition, usually based on silicon carbide, chamotte or alumina, etc.

After exposure, pour another layer 5 of the lining mixture, for example, with a more pronounced chemical resistance, reinforced by the inclusion of metal fibers to impart wear resistance, etc. Anchor elements (anchors 12) must be completely covered by layer 5 of the lining mixture.

After all layers 5 of the lining mixture have hardened, the formwork is removed. On one edge of the lining there is a protrusion 6, on the other - groove 7, for interaction with similar structural elements of adjacent refrigeration units 1. Refrigeration unit 1 is subjected to further drying and heating at elevated temperature according to a schedule specially developed for each type of lining materials - to give the lining necessary operational properties (performance characteristics). The finished product is marked and moved to the place of construction or repair of the blast furnace, or to the warehouse.

Similarly, the remaining refrigeration units 1 are prepared, which will be placed on the inner surface of the metal casing 15 of the furnace in accordance with the approved mine lining scheme and its own marking.

It should be noted that this Example I illustrates only one of many possible options for the manufacture of refrigeration units 1. Features of the design of unit 1 and the method of its manufacture are described in more detail in the text of the present description.

Example II Construction of a new blast furnace.

A blast furnace is being designed. A lining diagram of its interior space is created.

On the foundation of the blast furnace, a prefabricated metal thin-walled case with respect to the dimensions of the furnace is mounted (it is a shell, armor, casing) 15, which is a complex large-sized engineering structure with many structural elements. As a rule, the assembly of the metal housing 15 is carried out using welding technology.

In parallel, refrigerators (chillers) are produced and on their basis refrigerators 1 are made with fragments of the finished lining.

The inner surface of the metal housing 15 of the blast furnace is lined with refractory materials with the formation of a hearth, shoulders and steam (conventionally not shown). After that, the shaft part of the furnace is lined.

To do this, in accordance with the lining scheme, previously manufactured refrigeration units 1 with the corresponding marking are sequentially fed into the furnace inside the furnace. Each block 1 is attached to the metal casing 15 of the furnace using fasteners 10 - pipes 4 to the outside. In addition to the fastening elements 10, it is possible to fasten the block 1 to the furnace body 15 on a refractory mass (see gaps 16), which performs the functions of both a binder and thermal insulation. In the same way, inside the shaft, a first row of refrigeration units 1 is mounted along a closed perimeter. Then, a second row and subsequent rows. It may turn out that as the cooling units 1 are installed, the subsequent rows of the lining will differ in their physicochemical properties from each other - in accordance with the design.

As the installation of the next row of refrigeration units 1 carry out packing or gunning with a refractory plastic mass of gaps 8 between the lining layers of adjacent refrigeration units 1 and their bodies 2. Packing is carried out immediately or in layers to the entire depth until it contacts the metal case 15 of the furnace or previously applied between the cases 2 refrigeration units 1 and the metal body 15 of the furnace with a layer of refractory plastic mass, for example, using self-leveling concrete.

Similarly, the installation of refrigeration units 1 to the entire height of the shaft of the blast furnace with stuffing, shotcrete or pouring the refractory mass of all available gaps 8 and 16, including holes (open channels 9) for fasteners 10.

In a similar way, it was possible to lining the shoulders and steaming the blast furnace. The present work can be carried out both sequentially - from the shoulders, through the steam to the shaft, which is preferable - and independently from each other, since the marking of the blocks and the technological gaps between them allow individual installation of the blocks over the entire area of the metal case 15 of the furnace.

At the end of the construction of the shaft of the furnace, the top and boot device are mounted (also conditionally not shown).

In conclusion, on the inner surface of the mine and neighboring zones, according to a special design scheme, if necessary, a layer 17 of the lining mixture is profiled to shape the interior of the furnace.

Then, inside the oven, the temperature is gradually raised until the lining and the profiling layer of the lining have acquired their operational properties by drying.

In parallel, on the outer surface of the metal housing 15 of the furnace, installation and connection of the cooling system and instrumentation are performed.

Example III Overhaul (planned) repair of the blast furnace shaft.

This repair is carried out taking into account the fact that the mine is the most worn out area of the blast furnace. The service life of the lower zones significantly exceeds the resource of the mine.

In advance, prepare a diagram of the lining of the mine, calculate the profile of the internal space of the furnace or approve the old profile.

Partial or complete liberation of the blast furnace shaft from charge materials is carried out (blowing the furnace).

By blowing air and the work of the standard cooling system of the mine reduce the temperature inside the furnace. Ventilate to allow staff to work.

Inside the mine, a hanging ladder (mounting platform) is mounted and a partial or complete dismantling of the lining and refrigerators (refrigerating plates) is carried out according to the scheme.

In industrial conditions outside the furnace, similarly to Example I, refrigeration units 1 are produced on the basis of, as a rule, newly cast (manufactured) cases 2.

After preparing the inner surface of the metal case 15 of the furnace, the installation of refrigeration units 1, etc., is carried out similarly to Example II, including, if necessary, applying the profiling layer 17 of the lining, heat treatment of the working surface, installation and connection of the cooling system and instrumentation.

Example IV Emergency repair of a blast furnace mine, built according to existing (traditional, "classical") technology.

Prepare a lining scheme for a fragment of the mine in advance, bringing it into line with the existing scheme, calculate the profile of the repaired fragment of the interior of the furnace taking into account the natural wear of the lining.

The operation (progress) of the blast furnace is stopped and blown in the repair zone. On the metal casing 15 of the furnace mark the fragment to be emergency repair.

Under production conditions, a new fragment of the metal case 15 with all operational structural elements is prepared, new cases 2 are made of which form refrigeration units 1 according to Example I with a lining layer 5, including the profile of the fragment to be repaired. Next, a fragment of the metal housing 15 for replacement is assembled with refrigeration units 1 in accordance with Example II, including packing, shotcreting, pouring concrete with its own gaps 8 and 16, including holes (open channels 9) for fasteners 10, and heat treatment.

Elements of lifting equipment are fixed on the metal furnace body, which is subject to emergency repair, a marked fragment is cut out using welding, gas cutting (including oxygen "spear") and it is removed.

In place of the cut out emergency fragment of the mine, a previously prepared fragment of the metal case 15 is inserted, equipped with refrigeration units 1, for replacement and fastened by welding. According to the repair scheme, fittings (not shown conventionally) are welded into the seams to supply the refractory plastic mass.

At the end of the process of securing a new fragment, a plastic mass of obviously larger quantity is fed into the fittings than is required by the theoretical volume of the obtained gaps. At the same time, the installation and connection of the cooling system and instrumentation to the existing furnace systems are carried out.

As you can see, according to the present technology, it is possible to make emergency repairs of a small fragment of the furnace shaft, with which it is possible to manipulate with known technical means.

Example V. Option emergency repair mine blast furnace, built according to traditional technology or built, for example, according to Example II.

If it is necessary to emergency repair several fragments of the mine, which also differ in large dimensions, then it is advisable to stop the furnace to blow it to the repair zone and carry out repairs similar to the overhaul, as, for example, described in Example III, but only for the emergency fragment mine lining.

The following Examples I-V are not unique in illustrating the present inventions. Variability can manifest itself in various combinations of their essential features.

As a result of using the inventions, a new method for lining the blast furnace shaft and a new refrigeration unit for lining the shaft of the blast furnace were created, the use of which made it possible to increase the overhaul interval by increasing the lining durability and stabilizing its quality, due to the most labor-intensive and demanding work outside the furnace in specialized production conditions to reduce furnace repair time, i.e. one consecutive technological chain was divided into parallel, which led to a decrease in the downtime of the furnace, reduced fuel consumption due to the stabilization of its thermal characteristics. In addition, the number of repair personnel decreased and labor costs for the construction and repair of blast furnaces decreased.

Claims (12)

1. The refrigeration unit for lining the shaft of a blast furnace, comprising a forced-cooled casing with at least one built-in heat exchanger with connecting pipes, characterized in that the casing from the side opposite to the pipes contains lining layers, the first of which is inseparably connected with the casing, and each the subsequent lining layer is inextricably linked to the previous lining layer. 2. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining is made not protruding beyond the contour of the housing. 3. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the lining elements is made protruding beyond the contour of the housing with the formation of at least one lateral protrusion. 4. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the lining elements is made not protruding beyond the contour of the housing and has at least one side groove. 5. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the housing from the side opposite the nozzles is made smooth. 6. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the casing from the side opposite the nozzles is smooth and provided with fixed anchors made not protruding outside the lining. 7. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the housing from the side opposite the nozzles is made corrugated. 8. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing surface from the side opposite to the nozzles is corrugated and provided with fixed anchors made not protruding outside the lining. 9. The refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining contains reinforcing inclusions. 10. The method of lining the shaft of a blast furnace, including the stationary fastening on the inner surface of the metal casing of the blast furnace of the refrigeration units and packing or gunning the gaps between them and the metal casing of the furnace with a refractory plastic mass with its subsequent drying, characterized in that the refrigeration units according to any one of paragraphs . 1-9, while stuffing or gunning with a refractory plastic mass of gaps between the lining layers of adjacent refrigeration units and their bodies is carried out immediately or layer-by-layer to the entire depth until a layer of refractory plastic mass is applied between the buildings of the refrigeration blocks and the metal body of the furnace . 11. The lining method according to p. 10, characterized in that the refrigeration units are mounted inside the shaft in a closed perimeter in order. 12. The lining method according to p. 10, characterized in that after installing the refrigeration units and stuffing or gunning the gaps between them with a refractory plastic mass, at least one layer of the lining mixture forming its space is applied to the mine surface.

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