RU2678640C1 - Method for growing sweet corn - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes tillage, seed treatment, growing seedlings with a closed root system and planting it in open ground in a given pattern. Before planting, seedlings at the site dig holes according to a predetermined planting pattern at a depth of 12–15 cm, which is shed with water at the rate of 3–5 liters per well. Soil surface is covered with mulch material. After warming up the soil to 12–15°C in the mulching material over the wells make cross-shaped incisions, in which prepared seedlings of sweet corn are planted with simultaneous watering.

EFFECT: method allows to obtain high steady yields of cobs in the zone of Middle Ural without additional inter-row treatments.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the cultivation of sweet corn using mulching materials in the Middle Urals.

There is a method of growing sweet corn, which consists in preparing seeds, sowing them with dotted seeders, inter-row cultivation and further harvesting in the form of ears (Tarakanov G.I., Mukhin V.D., Shuin K.I. et al. Vegetable growing. - M : Kolos, 2002, pp. 404-405).

But this method is not applicable in the Urals region, since sugar corn when growing it from seeds has a long vegetative period, which does not guarantee the receipt of ears. And early planting of corn leads to the death of plants from both spring and autumn frosts.

A known method of growing corn, which consists in preparing seeds, preparing soil, growing seedlings in hard cartridges and feeding cartridges with seedlings into the clamps of planting machines of the planting machine in such a way that the first pair of real leaves is located in a plane perpendicular to the row axis, with the planting step equal to the minimum diameter of the root system of corn at a depth of 0.10-0.15 m (Patent RU No. 2045 147, IPC АСС 7/00, publ. 1995).

But this method is technically complicated and can be used in seed farms when growing corn for grain, for example, in nurseries of the first year of reproduction.

Closest to the proposed is a method of growing sweet corn, which consists in tillage, seed treatment, growing seedlings with a closed root system and planting its open ground (Patent No. 2597963, IPC АСС 7/100, publ. 2016). But this method involves a minimum of two to three inter-row processing, which leads to increased labor and energy costs for the cultivation of sweet corn.

The technical results of the invention is to reduce labor and material costs for a guaranteed yield of sugar corn in the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Urals in the form of ears of milk-wax ripeness.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that, before planting seedlings in the area, according to a given planting pattern, holes are dug to a depth of 12-15 cm, which is shed with water at the rate of 3-5 l per well, then the soil surface is covered with mulching materials (synthetic or organic ) When the soil temperature under the mulching material reaches 12-15 ° C, cross-shaped holes are made in the mulching material above the wells, then seedlings of sugar corn are planted in these holes with simultaneous grafting.

The causal relationship between the essence of the invention and the technical result is as follows.

Covering the soil with mulching material allows seedlings to be planted a month earlier than traditional in the time zone (in early May), and their use contributes to earlier heating of the soil, saving moisture and preventing the development of weeds, which eliminates the need for inter-row treatments.

All this together makes it possible to grow sugar corn in the Middle Urals region and get guaranteed crops in the form of ears of milk-wax ripeness of grain with a reduction in the cost of its production.

Agrotechnology of growing corn is as follows. In the fall, after harvesting the predecessors, disking or peeling is carried out to a depth of 10-12 cm, and then autumn plowing to the depth of the arable layer.

In spring, upon the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, two winter tracks are harrowed, followed by cultivation with harrowing, after which mineral fertilizers are applied to the planned crop, taking into account the removal of the crop and the content of nutrients in the soil. After fertilizing, the second pre-planting cultivation is carried out with harrowing for their incorporation and leveling of the soil.

Seeds before sowing are soaked for 12 hours in a 0.02% growth regulator solution (for example, Energy-M). Prepared corn seeds are sown in plastic containers with a volume of at least 1 liter, filled with soil with the addition of the necessary macro- and micronutrients. The temperature of the soil is 18 ... 20 ° C, the depth of seed placement is 3 ... 5 cm, after sowing, watering is carried out at the rate of 300 ml per container and covered with a film to maintain temperature and humidity in the soil to accelerate germination. Seedling care is to maintain soil moisture at 80 ... 90%, air temperature in the daytime 20 ... 24 ° C, at night 17 ... 18 ° C, relative air humidity - 70%. Seedlings are fed weekly with complex fertilizer (for example, soluble in a concentration of 20 g / 10 l of water). A week before disembarkation, it is quenched. Before planting seedlings in the area, according to a given planting pattern, holes are dug to a depth of 12-15 cm, which is shed with water at the rate of 3-5 l per well, then the soil surface is covered with mulching material (synthetic or organic). When the soil temperature under the mulching material reaches 12-15 ° C, cross-shaped holes are made in the mulching material above the holes, then seedlings of sugar corn are planted in these holes. After planting, graft irrigation is carried out.

During the growing season of plants, watering on top of the mulching material is performed as necessary. Under the mulching material, the soil does not compact, the soil crust does not form, so there is no need for loosening and inter-row cultivation.

Harvested as the cobs mature. Typical signs of the readiness of the cobs for harvesting are yellowing of the wrapper, tight fitting of the cob with integumentary leaves and drying them around the edges, as well as the drilling of pistil filaments. After the last harvest, the corn is eliminated.

The applicability of this method of cultivation of sweet corn in the conditions of the Urals is tested by three years of experience in the experimental field of the UC "Lipogorye" Perm State Agricultural Academy.

The use of mulching material had a significant effect on soil temperature, the most significant were the additions to the control when planting seedlings in the early stages (Table 1).

The data in table 1 convincingly show that the temperature under the mulching material is 1.2-3.0 ° C higher compared to the control. The greatest effect was obtained when using transparent polyethylene film and covering white material as mulching materials.

The average data of three-year experiments (for 2011-2013) on the yield of sugar corn in t / ha depending on the planting time of seedlings and mulching material in the conditions of the Middle Urals are given in Table. 2.

From the data of table 2 it follows that the best option is to use a plastic film of a transparent and covering white material that allows you to plant seedlings of sweet corn starting in the second decade of May. The yield varied from 22.4 to 31.7 t / ha.

Thus, the proposed method of seedling cultivation of sugar corn with the use of mulching material allows to obtain high stable yields of ears in the zone of the Middle Urals without additional inter-row treatments.

Claims (1)

A method of growing sweet corn, including tillage, seed treatment, growing seedlings with a closed root system and planting it in open ground according to a predetermined pattern, characterized in that prior to planting seedlings, holes are digged in the plot according to a predetermined planting pattern to a depth of 12-15 cm, which are shed with water at the rate of 3-5 liters per well and the soil surface is covered with mulching material, after warming the soil to 12-15 ° C, cross-shaped cuts are made in the mulching material above the holes into which the prepared seedlings of sweet corn with simultaneous planting watering.