RU2668027C1 - Cavitator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction of devices for generating cavitation phenomena for their subsequent use in cavitation technologies, including underwater small arms. Cavitator (1) includes device (2) for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water in the surrounding water environment with the possibility of cavitation effect according to the Bernoulli principle, accompanied by sonar noise, and device (3) for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases. Device for creating high-speed jet (2) is made in the form of gas-hydraulic cylinder (2) with a spring loaded of spacer spring (5) with separating piston (4). Hydraulic cavity (6) of cylinder (2) with said spring (5) built into it communicates with the surrounding water environment. Gas cavity (7) communicates with source (partially 3) of said gases under pressure above the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium. Device (3) of preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases is made in the form of gas pipe (10). Last one is reported at the inlet with the above-mentioned source of gases (3), and at the outlet – with the jet-forming volume of the water-gas mixture.EFFECT: increase of technical-operational (tactical-technical) and economic characteristics of the cavitator, including increase in specific power (sound force in cavitation) and compactness.10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of devices for generating cavitation phenomena for their subsequent use in cavitation technologies, including installations for the destruction of micro- and macrobiological objects in the aquatic environment (water disinfection, spearfishing, elimination / neutralization of combat swimmers, reconnaissance and saboteurs), generation of acoustic noise for naval purposes (jamming enemy acoustic devices, acoustic masking), etc.

Known cavitator, which includes a device for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water in an aqueous environment with the possibility of a cavitation effect according to the Bernoulli principle, accompanied by hydroacoustic noise, and a device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases [1. RU 174490 U1, IPC B05D 1/34, publ. 10/17/2017].

It is intended (hereinafter from the original source) “for the generation of cavitation phenomena for their subsequent use in cavitation technologies related to the processing of viscous oils, oil products, coal tar, as well as in the development of oil and gas fields. The utility model can be used in the petrochemical industry, power engineering, in the design of water treatment plants and in systems for preparing hydrocarbon fuels for burning. The task the [utility] model aims to solve is to increase the cavitation effect. "

This cavitator uses a Laval nozzle with the original development of its terminal conical section, namely, winding the channels along a conical surface. When a liquid is supplied, for example, of equal density to water, under a pressure of 6 MPa after the fairing at a speed of 12 m / s into the channels, its double twisting occurs: spirally due to protrusions and screw-like. Due to centripetal forces and narrowing of the cross-sectional area of the channels, the velocity of the fluid flow in the channels increases. There is also an additional “enrichment of the fluid with the surrounding air. Additional conditions for a self-similar regime are created to enhance the cavitation effect and the formation of an acoustic wave swiveled 90 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the cavitator. When liquid passes through the nozzle narrowing, and then when expanding in the diffuser, vortexes, separated flows, and cavitation occur in the liquid stream.

The disadvantages of such a cavitator (naturally, from the point of view of the claimed invention) include the structural complexity of the flow part based on the Laval nozzle, with the technologically complex and expensive manufacture of its diffuser profile part, as well as the very limited possibilities of “enriching” the liquid with gases.

A fairly close analogue is the “Method of water disinfection by destroying aquatic organisms and a device for its implementation”, in which water is taken from an open water body, passing it through an extended pipeline system of various diameters, with confusers, in which the pressure of the water pressure decreases to below atmospheric pressure, while gas is introduced into the water (in particular, ozone) [2. RU 2433087 C2, IPC C02F 1/36, C02F 1/457, C02F 1/78, B63B 13/00, publ. 11/10/2011].

However, in this analogue, the direct-flow of sea water is carried out by an electric hydraulic pump, and the device for saturating water with gas is a pneumatic system independent of the specified hydraulic system. In addition, water disinfection involves the destruction of small and microbiological objects, and inside the device, which in principle eliminates high levels of cavitation vibrations (noise).

From the standpoint of the priority recommended purpose of the claimed invention (underwater deafening and lethal weapons), the currently known underwater pistols and rifles are of interest.

However, the vast majority of them use the mechanical impact of a missile projectile (harpoon, arrow, bullet, needle) to hit the target, and the intake of air and powder gases from the device into the surrounding water environment is in every way excluded by designers as an undesirable phenomenon in this case [3. RU 2008609 C1, IPC F41B 11/08, publ. 02/28/1994; 4. RU 2106592 C1, IPC F41C 9/06, publ. 03/10/1998; 5. Shiryaev D.I. Underwater pistol B-VI-307 (experienced) // Soldier of fortune. - 2003 .. - No. 11; 6. Korablin V. Against underwater saboteurs and terrorists // Arms DTR. - 2005. - No. 3; 7. Ardashev A.N. The weapon is special, unusual, exotic. M .: AST-Astrel, 2001.319 s. - S. 160-177 (Section "Underwater weapons of combat swimmers")].

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention for the purpose and combination of essential features can be adopted cavitator ("Device for underwater hydraulic massage"), which includes a device for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water in an aqueous environment with the possibility of a cavitation effect according to the Bernoulli principle, accompanied by sonar noise, and a device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases [8. RU 94002297/14 A1, IPC A61H 9/00, publ. 07/10/1996].

In it, the device for creating a high-speed jet is made in the form of a straight-through pipe, the inlet end connected to a source of water under pressure above the static pressure of the surrounding water medium (discharge line of the hydraulic pump), and the outlet end connected to the surrounding water medium, and the device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming water volume with gases made in the form of a cavity, coaxial with respect to the pipe, the inlet end connected to a source of air under pressure, and at the exit with the said direct-flow pipe (and therefore with the jet-forming volume of the water-air mixture). At the same time, a Laval nozzle is installed at the outlet of the direct-flow pipe, and the air path is connected to the hydraulic one at the exit of the cylindrical section of the Laval nozzle.

However, the prototype device, firstly, being a highly specialized cavitator, is intended for hydromassage of the human body in the aquatic environment for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes and is hardly suitable in the declared form (with such weak cavitation levels), on the contrary, for eliminating or stunning fish and , especially - sea saboteurs. The hydraulic pump is not able in principle to give the jet-forming volume of water the acceleration necessary for the specified technical result, as well as for a number of other physical effects. The same drawback, but with regard to the "enrichment" of water with air and to a lesser extent, is also true for a source of air under pressure (compressor and / or receiver).

Secondly, in the prototype device, two main devices - creating a jet and enriching it with air, use different fluids and, accordingly, two different sources of these media under pressure, which complicates the cavitator and causes its oversized weight and size and cost indicators.

Thirdly, there are obvious problems with the energy supply of the drives of both pumps.

Fourthly, even if water is drawn from the surrounding aquatic environment, the provision of a device for its repeated operation by air remains also problematic.

Together, the listed disadvantages of the prototype determine its insufficiently high technical and operational (tactical and technical) and economic characteristics. In particular, relatively low indicators of specific power (sound power during cavitation) and compactness.

The task (problem) to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is to increase the technical and operational (tactical and technical) and economic characteristics of the cavitator, including increasing the specific power (sound power during cavitation) and the compactness of the device.

The solution of the problem (removing the problem) is achieved by the fact that in the cavitator, which includes a device for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water in an ambient aqueous medium with the possibility of a cavitation effect according to the Bernoulli principle, accompanied by hydroacoustic noise, and a device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming water volume with gases, according to the claimed invention, the device for creating a high-speed jet is made in the form of a gas-hydraulic cylinder with a spring a spacer piston-separator, in which the hydraulic cavity with the said spring is integrated in it communicates with the surrounding aqueous medium, the gas cavity communicates with the source of said gases at a pressure higher than the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium, and the device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming water volume with gases is made in the form a gas outlet pipe communicating at the inlet with the gas source indicated above, and at the outlet, with the jet-forming volume of the water-gas mixture.

The solution of the problem (removal of the indicated problem) is also achieved by rational additional (private) design features), with the above main set:

- the gas outlet pipe can be connected directly to the gas source at the inlet (This allows synchronizing the functions of two subsystems of the device — parallel gas lines to a greater extent, which means that it is possible to “enrich” it with gas to a greater extent before pushing the jet-forming “portion” of water);

- a gas outlet pipe can be connected at the inlet to the gas cavity of the said gas-hydraulic cylinder (This is an alternative to the previous one and is rational in those cases where the brackets indicated in the previous paragraph give priority to compactness and low cost of cavitator);

- with the previous set of features, a gas pipe can be connected at the outlet to the hydraulic cavity of the said gas-hydraulic cylinder (This allows you to save useful traditional technical features of the prototype);

- a device for creating a high-speed jet can be made with a confuser mounted behind the hydraulic cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder (This allows you to accelerate the water jet in automatic mode based on the Bernoulli principle in its canonical formulation);

- with the previous set of features, a gas outlet pipe can be connected at the outlet to a narrow part of the confuser (This allows you to further increase the efficiency of additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases due to the ejection effect);

- a device for creating a high-speed jet can be made with a Laval nozzle mounted behind the hydraulic cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder (This allows, in comparison with the confuser, to additionally increase the efficiency of generating acoustic vibrations with lower energy costs, in accordance with the principles of the Laval nozzle);

- with the previous set of features, the gas outlet pipe can be connected at the outlet to the cavity of the Laval nozzle (This gives an additional positive effect on the “enrichment” of water with gases, by analogy with the confuser, since the Laval nozzle includes a confuser section);

- with the listed sets of features (with the exception of the third and sixth additional ones), the line from the surrounding aqueous medium to the hydraulic cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder inclusively can be made with the possibility of automatically taking the next portion - the jet-forming volume of water from the surrounding aqueous medium due to the return of the piston under the combined action of the spring and the difference between the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium and the gases in the gas cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder (This greatly simplifies the cavitator structure due to the shortest way of communication of the hydraulic cavity of the cylinder with the aqueous medium surrounding the cavitator, without any specially designed lines for this);

- the aforementioned gas source can be made in the form of a reusable pyrotechnic device based on a powder charge, with the possibility of generating powder gases under pressure above a predetermined maximum pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium (This is one of the main innovative technical solutions that remain, nevertheless, among additional, because it is not obligatory for execution - in the interests of preventing unjustified narrowing of the scope of legal protection of the invention, the use of "powder energy" in this case e not only gives very high specific energy impulses and is optimally compact, which fully meets the task, but also is more familiar, comfortable for users from among the "power structures", which include, in particular, underwater swimmers of special forces) .

Among the detected and analyzed analogues, no devices were found with such technical features, which also testifies to the world level of novelty of the claimed development.

At the same time, it is due to the listed characteristics that a technical result is achieved (the indicated problem of technical, operational and economic nature is removed), which indicates the presence of a causal relationship of design features with the positive effectiveness of the claimed device.

Originality and effectiveness (“super-effect” in the patenting sense of this term) indicate the presence of an inventive step of the claimed development (as the non-obviousness of a technical solution to a problem for a specialist in this field of human activity at the current level of development of science and technology).

In combination with the industrial feasibility of the claimed device (see the end of the description), the triune condition of patentability of the claimed cavitator as an invention is fulfilled.

The inventive cavitator (with particular examples of its design) is shown in FIG. 1-4, where the positions indicated:

1 - cavitator as a whole; 2 - a device for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water (liquid) in the surrounding aqueous (liquid) medium, in particular a gas-hydraulic cylinder; 3 - a device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water (liquid) with gases; 4 piston separator; 5 - spacer (return) spring; 6 - a hydraulic cavity of a gas-hydraulic cylinder 2; 7 - the gas cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder 2; 8 - powder charge; 9 - device for initiating a powder charge 8; 10 - gas outlet pipe; 11 - high-speed water-gas (hydrogas) jet in the surrounding water (liquid) environment; 12 - increasing and collapsing gas bubble in the jet 11; 13 - confuser or Laval nozzle.

In the same place are marked by symbols:

R _f is the pressure of water (liquid) in the aqueous (liquid) medium surrounding the cavitator 1 and in the jet-forming volume of water (liquid), that is, the hydraulic cavity 6 of the hydro-hydraulic cylinder 2, in statics; R _{W page} - the pressure of the water-gas (hydro-gas) jet 11 at the outlet of the cavitator 1, that is, in dynamics; V _W - the resulting velocity vector of the water-gas (hydro-gas) jet 11 at the exit of the cavitator 1; R _g is the pressure of the gases in the gas cavity 7 of the gas-hydraulic cylinder 2; R _g 'is the pressure of the gases "saturation" at the entrance to the hydraulic cavity 6 of the gas-hydraulic cylinder 2; R _{W + g} - pressure in the jet-forming volume of the water-gas (hydro-gas) mixture.

Wherein:

in FIG. 1 shows an enlarged block diagram of a cavitator;

in FIG. 2 schematically shows a cavitator - pyrotechnic, with the supply of powder gases of "saturation" through a gas outlet pipe (line) directly from the gas source under pressure (from the combustion chamber of the powder charge);

in FIG. 3 - the same, with the supply of powder gases of "saturation" from the gas cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder;

in FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a cavitator, a particular example with a confuser or a Laval nozzle.

Consider the essential structural features of the inventive cavitator (mainly pyrotechnic, for use in the environment of natural reservoirs (i.e., in natural water as the most common particular case of liquid), as well as the principles and features of its operation.

The cavitator 1 includes (see Fig. 1), firstly, a device 2 for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water 11 in an ambient aqueous medium, with the possibility of a cavitation effect according to the Bernoulli principle, accompanied by hydroacoustic noise (acoustic ultrasonic / sound radiation, vibration) ), and, secondly, the device 3 preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases.

According to the claimed invention, in the cavitator 1, the device 2 is made (see Fig. 3, 4) in the form of a gas-hydraulic cylinder (respectively, saved pos. 2) with a piston-separator 4, spring-loaded spacer spring 5.

At the piston-separator 4, the hydraulic cavity 6 with a spring 5 integrated in it communicates with the surrounding aqueous medium. The gas cavity 7 of the piston-separator 4 communicates with the source of the gases under pressure P _g above the pressure P _{W of the} surrounding aqueous medium (in the "firing" mode of the jet 11). The device 3 for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water (in the cavity 6) with gases is made in the form of a gas exhaust pipe 10 communicating at the inlet with a source of 3 gases, and at the outlet with a jet-forming volume of a water-gas mixture, i.e., with a hydraulic cavity 6 of cylinder 2.

Thus, the device 3, combining the functions of the jet former 11 and “saturating” the jet-forming volume with gases, is additionally bi-functional, like a gas exhaust system in self-loading firearms, and the device 3 itself is also included in the device 2.

Known means (not shown) can be provided as a change in the pressure P _g , and operational regulation (control) of the pressure P _g 'depending on the required output parameters of the cavitator.

A further description of the device relates to rational particular examples of the constructive implementation of the inventive cavitator.

In the cavitator of FIG. 2 and 4, the exhaust pipe 10 is connected at the inlet directly to the gas source 3, and in the cavitator of FIG. 3 - with the gas cavity of cylinder 2. At the same time, at its outlet, the exhaust pipe 10 is connected to the hydraulic cavity 6 of cylinder 2 in the cavitator of FIG. 2, 3, 4.

In the cavitator of FIG. 4, device 2 is made either with a confuser (narrowing of the flowing, that is, transverse, section of the hydraulic line) installed behind the hydraulic cavity 6 of cylinder 2, or with a Laval nozzle.

While the vent pipe 10 is connected at the outlet to a narrow part of the confuser or Laval nozzle, respectively.

The line from the surrounding aqueous medium to the hydraulic cavity 6 of the cylinder 2, inclusive, is configured to automatically take the next portion - the jet-forming volume of water from the surrounding aqueous medium due to the return of the piston 4 under the combined action of the spring 5 and the differential (R _W -R _g ) between the ambient water pressure environment and residual gas pressure in the cavity 7 of the cylinder 2.

The gas source 3 is preferably made in the form of a reusable pyrotechnic device based on a powder charge 8 (see Figs. 2, 3), with the possibility of generating powder gases under pressure above a predetermined maximum pressure P _{x max of the} surrounding aqueous medium.

The inventive cavitator works (functions) as follows.

The cavitator is depicted in FIG. 1-4 in the initial "dry" state.

When it is immersed in water with the trim on the rear of any depth air in the cavity 6 extends outwardly and the cavity 6 is communicated with the surrounding aqueous medium is replaced with water under a pressure P _x, which together with the spring 5 presses the piston 4 to the limiter of its stroke ( shown but not indicated by).

Initiate, similar to the actuation of a firearm, by means of device 9, a powder charge 8 in device 3. Combustion of charge 8 is accompanied by the formation of powder gases and a sharp increase in pressure P _g . Most of the powder gases enters the gas cavity 7, pressing on the piston-separator 4. The smaller part of them enters in parallel through the exhaust pipe 10 (in the device of Fig. 2, 4) or, sequentially through the gas cavity 7 (in the device by Fig. 3), under pressure P _g '(usually less than pressure P _g ) into the hydraulic cavity 6, intensively diffusing into the jet-forming volume of water (“portion”) in it.

With a significant (and when using powder charges this is not a problem) positive pressure drop across the piston-separator 4 from the side of the cavities 7 and 6 of the cylinder 4, equal to

(P _f -P _{r + pr g} -F)> 0,

where F _pp - spring force 5,

the piston 5 very intensively pushes out - into the surrounding aquatic environment - a "portion" of water with dissolved air and additionally generously "enriched" powder gases.

Taking into account the well-known Bernoulli principle and the advantages of the Laval nozzle, their introduction into the hydraulic line behind cylinder 4 (see the device in Fig. 4) should clearly strengthen the technical result - due to the acceleration of the jet and the breaking forces in it, contributing to rarefaction and cavitation.

According to the Bernoulli principle, in the jet 11 with a high speed V _{W of} movement in the surrounding aqueous medium, the static pressure is low, which causes intensive release of the gases dissolved in it and the growth, with the union, of the bubbles. There is a cavitation phenomenon: bubbles, having enlarged, collapse (12), creating acoustic noise in water. This is illustrated on the right side of FIG. 1-4).

Such a technical device uses almost the same physical effect as in biology laid down by Nature with respect to the nutcracker, which preys on fish, generating a jet that cavitates with cotton of the order of 180-190 dB with respect to 1 μPa (with a sound propagation range of over 2 km) (7-8 cm long) by mechanical collapse of a claw (see, for example: Sofya Demyanets. Loud shrimps. [Electronic resource]: http://www.nat-geo.ru/fact/42894-gromkie-krevetki/ (posted 01.02 .2013, No. 16298).

In this case, the noise is useful from the standpoint of the purpose of the device as a cavitator. They can act, in particular, on living organisms at a certain distance from the device (including marine saboteurs).

Thus, a technical result is achieved in accordance with the problem (task): the invention improves the technical and operational (tactical and technical) and economic characteristics of the cavitator, including increasing specific power (sound power during cavitation) and compactness.

The possibilities for industrial implementation of the claimed invention are obvious.

Claims (10)

1. The cavitator, which includes a device for creating a high-speed jet of gas-containing water in an ambient aqueous medium with the possibility of a cavitation effect according to the Bernoulli principle, accompanied by hydroacoustic noise, and a device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases, characterized in that the device for creating a high-speed jet is made in in the form of a gas-hydraulic cylinder with a spring-loaded spacer piston-separator, in which a hydraulic cavity with the said spring integrated in it, it communicates with the surrounding aqueous medium, the gas cavity communicates with the source of the gases under pressure higher than the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium, and the device for preliminary additional saturation of the jet-forming volume of water with gases is made in the form of a gas outlet pipe communicating at the inlet with the above gas source and at the exit - with the jet-forming volume of the water-gas mixture. 2. The cavitator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas outlet pipe is connected at the inlet directly to the gas source. 3. The cavitator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas outlet pipe is connected at the inlet to the gas cavity of said gas-hydraulic cylinder. 4. The cavitator according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas outlet pipe is connected at the outlet to the hydraulic cavity of said gas-hydraulic cylinder. 5. The cavitator according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for creating a high-speed jet is made with a confuser mounted behind the hydraulic cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder. 6. The cavitator according to claim 5, characterized in that the gas outlet pipe is connected at the outlet to a narrow part of the confuser. 7. The cavitator according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for creating a high-speed jet is made with a Laval nozzle mounted behind the hydraulic cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder. 8. The cavitator according to claim 7, characterized in that the gas outlet pipe is connected at the outlet to the cavity of the Laval nozzle. 9. The cavitator according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, characterized in that the line from the surrounding aqueous medium to the hydraulic cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder, inclusive, is configured to automatically take the next portion - the jet-forming volume of water from the surrounding aqueous medium due to the return of the piston under the combined action of the spring the difference between the pressure of the aqueous medium and the gases in the gas cavity of the gas-hydraulic cylinder. 10. The cavitator according to claim 1, characterized in that said gas source is made in the form of a reusable pyrotechnic device based on a powder charge, with the possibility of generating powder gases under pressure above a predetermined maximum pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium.

Images